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Article published In: Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
Vol. 15:5 (2025) ► pp.688–717

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Are non-native speakers sensitive to microvariation in anaphora resolution?

The case of Italian and Spanish learners of L2 European Portuguese

ORCiD logo with link | NOVA University Lisbon, CLUNL – Linguistics Research Centre of NOVA University Lisbon
ORCiD logo with link | NOVA University Lisbon, CLUNL – Linguistics Research Centre of NOVA University Lisbon
ORCiD logo with link | NOVA University Lisbon, CLUNL – Linguistics Research Centre of NOVA University Lisbon
Published online: 13 August 2024
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.23041.tei
Abstract
This study investigates anaphora resolution in L2 European Portuguese by Italian and Spanish native speakers to examine whether learners are sensitive to microvariation among these null subject Romance languages. Participants were 25 adult L1 EP speakers, 69 L1 Italian, and 42 L1 Spanish adult learners of EP at three levels: upper–intermediate, advanced, and near-native. They completed an untimed and a speeded multiple-choice task crossing the variables animacy of the matrix object and type of embedded subject. Results indicate that sensitivity to microvariation develops as L2 proficiency increases. However, learners’ performance remains permanently unstable in the areas where the L1 and the L2 differ, which is only visible in the speeded task. Our findings challenge the idea that the L1 plays a minor role in anaphora resolution and have implications for the Interface Hypothesis.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Microvariation in anaphora resolution in Romance
  • 3.The L2 acquisition of anaphora resolution in Romance
  • 4.Research questions and predictions
  • 5.Methodology
    • 5.1Participants
    • 5.2Experimental design
    • 5.3Data analysis
  • 6.Results
    • 6.1The untimed task
    • 6.2The speeded task
  • 7.Discussion and conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Data availability statement
  • Notes
  • References
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2025. Effects of Semantic Correlation Cue and Cross‐Linguistic Influence on the Interpretation of Subject Pronouns by Chinese L2 Speakers of English With Different L2 Proficiency Levels. International Journal of Applied Linguistics DOI logo

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