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Article published In: Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
Vol. 14:5 (2024) ► pp.708–739

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Second language learners acquire reduced word forms just like they acquire full forms

From exposure

ORCiD logo with link | Radboud University
 | Radboud University
 | Radboud University
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Open Access publication of this article was funded through a Transformative Agreement with Radboud University Nijmegen.

Published online: 29 June 2023
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.22043.mor
Abstract
We investigated the effect of auditory exposure on the recognition of full (i.e., canonical) and reduced (i.e., with weakened or deleted sounds) word forms by beginner second language (L2) learners. We taught three participant groups the same French schwa words. One group was trained only on the full (i.e., with schwa) forms, one group on the reduced forms (i.e., without schwa) only, and one group on both the full and reduced forms of each word. We then tested participants’ recognition of both forms in an auditory lexical decision task. We found that participants’ accuracy for a form was proportional to the exposure they received at training for that form. Both participants’ groups trained on one form recognized the untrained form in about a third of the trials. We conclude that exposure is a crucial factor in learning L2 reduced forms and that listeners use both retrieval from storage and goodness of fit (including reconstruction) mechanisms, in the same way for full as for reduced forms.
Article outline
  • Introduction
    • The current study
  • Methods
    • Participants
    • Materials
      • Training materials
      • Testing materials
      • Recordings and speakers
      • Test trials
    • Procedure
  • Results
    • Real and pseudo words accuracies
    • Statistical analysis of the Trained Schwas
    • First occurrences
    • Second occurrences
  • General discussion
  • Data availability
  • Notes
  • References
References (50)
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Cited by (2)

Cited by two other publications

Chen, Bihua & Isabelle Darcy
2025. Effects of sentential context on nonnative recognition of reduced speech: Does meaning explain it all?. Journal of Phonetics 112 ► pp. 101433 ff. DOI logo
Verbeke, Gil, Holger Mitterer & Ellen Simon
2025. Phonetic reduction in native and non-native English speech: Assessing the intelligibility for L2 listeners. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo

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