Article published In: Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
Vol. 13:2 (2023) ► pp.238–266
Re-examining the role of mood selection type in Spanish heritage speakers’ subjunctive production
Published online: 16 July 2021
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.20111.per
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.20111.per
Abstract
Verbal morphology is a particularly vulnerable domain in the grammars of Spanish heritage speakers (HSs). Among
the most frequently studied phenomena is mood selection, identified as a pervasive locus of variability that affects the
production of subjunctive more prominently. The present article explores this area of research by examining the effects of mood
selection type on HSs’ subjunctive use. In contrast with previous studies, this investigation controls for propositional modality,
focusing its analyses on instances of obligatory and variable subjunctive selection within deontic predicates. Results from a
production task revealed that, despite the presence of between-group differences driven by participants’ levels of proficiency,
type of selection did not significantly modulate their rates of subjunctive use. These findings challenge previous claims about
the extent to which this factor affects Spanish HSs’ performance, and highlight the importance of considering propositional
modality when examining the acquisition of mood.
Keywords: modality, variability, mood, heritage speakers, subjunctive
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Of mood and modality: Some considerations
- 3.The development of modality and subjunctive mood in Spanish monolinguals and early bilinguals
- 4.Method
- 4.1Participants
- 4.2Tasks and procedure
- 4.3Coding
- 5.Results
- 6.Discussion and conclusion
- 6.1Limitations and future directions
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
References (43)
Blake, R. (1983). Mood
selection among Spanish-speaking children, ages 4 to 12. Bilingual Review / La Revista
Bilingüe, 10(1), 21–32.
Blaszczak, J., Giannakidou, A., Klimek-Jankowska, D., & Migdalski, K. (2016). Mood,
aspect, modality revisited: New answers to old questions. University of Chicago Press.
Choi, S. (2006). Acquisition
of modality. In W. Frawley, E. Eschenroeder, S. Mills & T. Nguyen (Eds.), The
Expression of
Modality (pp. 141–171). Mouton De Gruyter.
Chung, S., & Timberlake, A. (1985). Tense,
aspect, and mood. In T. Shopen (Ed.), Language
typology and syntactic description: Grammatical categories and the
lexicon (pp. 202–258). Cambridge University Press.
Dracos, M., Requena, P., & Miller, K. (2019). Acquisition
of mood selection in Spanish-speaking children. Language
Acquisition, 26(1), 106–118.
Fábregas, A. (2014). A
guide to subjunctive and modals in Spanish: questions and analyses. Borealis–An International
Journal of Hispanic
Linguistics, 3(2), 1–94.
Giancaspro, D. (2019). Over,
Under and Around: Spanish Heritage Speakers’ Production (and Avoidance) of Subjunctive
Mood. Heritage Language
Journal, 16(1), 44–70.
(2020). Not
in the mood: Frequency effects in heritage speakers’subjunctive
knowledge. In B. Brehmer & J. Treffers-Daller (Eds.), Lost
in Transmission: The role of attrition and input in heritage language
development (pp. 71–97). John Benjamins.
Haverkate, H. (2002). The
Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics of Spanish Mood. John Benjamins.
Heck, R. H., Thomas, S. L., & Tabata, L. N. (2013). Multilevel and longitudinal modeling with IBM SPSS. Routledge.
Kempchinsky, P. (2009). What
can the subjunctive disjoint reference effect tell us about the
subjunctive?. Lingua, 1191, 1788–1810.
Lozano, A. G. (1995). Cognitive
development, deontic and epistemic subjunctives. Hispanic
Linguistics, 6/71, 93–116.
Lustres, E., García-Tejada, A., & Cuza, A. (2020). The
acquisition of obligatory and variable mood selection in epistemic predicates by L2 learners and heritage speakers of
Spanish. In D. Pascual y Cabo & I. Elola (Eds.), Current
Theoretical and Applied Perspectives on Hispanic and Lusophone
Linguistics (pp. 319–341). John Benjamins.
Martinez Mira, M. I. (2006). Mood
simplification: Adverbial clauses in heritage Spanish. Unpublished Doctoral
dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Martínez Mira, M. I. (2009). Spanish
heritage speakers in the southwest: Factors contributing to the maintenance of the subjunctive in concessive
clauses. Spanish in
Context, 6(1), 105–126.
Montrul, S. (2007). Interpreting
mood distinctions in Spanish as a heritage language. In K. Potowski & R. Cameron (Eds.), Spanish
in Contact: Policy, Social and Linguistic
Inquiries (pp. 23–40). John Benjamins.
(2009). Knowledge
of tense-aspect and mood in Spanish heritage speakers. International Journal of
Bilingualism, 13(2), 239–269.
(2012). Is the heritage language like a second language? Eurosla Yearbook, 12(1), 1–29.
(2011). Morphological
errors in Spanish second language learners and heritage speakers. Studies in Second Language
Acquisition, 33(2), 163–192.
Montrul, S., & Perpiñán, S. (2011). Assessing
differences and similarities between instructed heritage language learners and L2 learners in their knowledge of Spanish
tense-aspect and mood (TAM) morphology. Heritage Language
Journal, 8(1), 90–133.
Montrul, S., & Slabakova, R. (2003). Competence
similarities between native and near-native speakers: An investigation of the preterite-imperfect contrast in
Spanish. Studies in Second Language
Acquisition, 25(3), 351–398.
Nuyts, J. (2006). Modality:
Overview and linguistic issues. In W. Frawley, E. Eschenroeder, S. Mills & T. Nguyen (Eds.), The
Expression of
Modality (pp. 1–26). Mouton De Gruyter.
O’Neill, D. K., & Atance, C. M. (2000). ‘Maybe
my daddy give me a big piano’: the development of children’s use of modals to express
uncertainty. First
Language, 20(58), 29–52.
Papafragou, A. (1998). The
acquisition of modality: Implications for theories of semantic representation. Mind &
Language, 13(3), 370–399.
Pascual y Cabo, D., Lingwall, A., & Rothman, J. (2012). Applying
the Interface Hypothesis to Heritage Speaker (HS) Acquisition: Evidence from Spanish
Mood. In A. Biller, E. Chung, & A. Kimball (Eds.), BUCLD
36: Proceedings of the 36th Annual Boston University Conference on Language
Development (pp. 437–438). Cascadilla Proceedings.
Cabo, D. P. Y., & Rothman, J. (2012). The (il) logical problem of heritage speaker bilingualism and incomplete acquisition. Applied linguistics, 33(4), 450–455.
Perez-Cortes, S. (2020). Lexical
frequency and morphological regularity as sources of heritage speaker variability in the acquisition of
mood. Second Language Research. Advance online publication.
(2016). Acquiring
obligatory and variable mood selection: Spanish heritage speakers’ and L2 learners’ performance in desideratives and reported
speech contexts. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick.
Pérez-Leroux, A. T. (2001). Subjunctive
mood in Spanish child relatives: At the Interface of Linguistic and Cognitive
Development. In K. Nelson, A. Aksu-Koc & C. Johnson (Eds.), Children’s
Language: Volume 11: Interactional Contributions to Language
Development (pp. 69–93). Routledge.
(1998). The
acquisition of mood selection in Spanish relative clauses. Journal of Child
Language, 25(3), 585–604.
Polinsky, M., & Scontras, G. (2020). Understanding
heritage languages. Bilingualism: Language and
Cognition, 23(1), 4–20.
Potowski, K., Jegerski, J., & Morgan-Short, K. (2009). The
effects of instruction on linguistic development in Spanish heritage language
speakers. Language
Learning, 59(3), 537–579.
Silva-Corvalán, C. (1994). The
gradual loss of mood distinctions in Los Angeles Spanish. Language Variation and
Change, 6(3), 255–272.
Sorace, A., & Filiaci, F. (2006). Anaphora
resolution in near-native speakers of Italian. Second Language
Research, 22(3), 339–368.
Torres, J. (2018). The
effects of task complexity on heritage and L2 Spanish development. Canadian Modern Language
Review, 74(1), 128–152.
van Osch, B., Hulk, A., Sleeman, P., & Aalberse, S. (2017). Knowledge
of mood in internal and external interface contexts in Spanish heritage speakers in the
Netherlands. In K. Bellamy, M. W. Child, P. González, A. Muntendam & M. Carmen Parafita Couto (Eds.), Multidisciplinary
Approaches to Bilingualism in the Hispanic and Lusophone
World (pp. 67–94). John Benjamins.
van Osch, B., & Sleeman, P. (2018). Spanish
heritage speakers in the Netherlands: Linguistic patterns in the judgment and production of
mood. International Journal of
Bilingualism, 22(5), 513–529.
Cited by (9)
Cited by nine other publications
Giancaspro, David & Sara Fernández Cuenca
Solano-Escobar, Laura
Giancaspro, David & Josh Higdon
López-Beltrán, Priscila & Paola E. Dussias
2024. Heritage speakers’ processing of the Spanish subjunctive. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 14:6 ► pp. 809 ff.
Dracos, Melisa & Pablo E. Requena
Montrul, Silvina
Giancaspro, David, Silvia Perez‐Cortes & Josh Higdon
Perez-Cortes, Silvia
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 24 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
