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Article published In: Storytelling: How organization of narratives is (not) affected by linguistic skills
Edited by Ute Bohnacker and Natalia Gagarina
[Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 12:4] 2022
► pp. 540–570

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Macrostructure in the narratives of Indonesian-Dutch bilinguals

Relation to age and exposure

ORCiD logo with link | Universiteit Utrecht
 | Universiteit Utrecht
 | Universiteit Utrecht
Published online: 16 February 2021
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.20015.tri
Abstract
There is no agreement regarding the relationship between narrative abilities in the two languages of a bilingual child. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that such cross-language relationships depend on age and language exposure by studying the narrative skills of 32 Indonesian-Dutch bilinguals (mean age: 8;5, range: 5;0–11;9). The narratives were elicited by means of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) and analysed for story structure, episodic complexity and use of internal state terms (ISTs) in the home language (Indonesian) and majority language (Dutch). The results demonstrate that story structure scores in the home language (but not in the majority language) were positively related to age. Exposure measures (current Dutch/Indonesian input, current richness of Dutch/Indonesian input, and length of exposure to Dutch) did not predict the macrostructure scores. There was a significant positive cross-language relationship in story structure and episodic complexity, and this relationship became stronger as a function of length of exposure to Dutch. There was also a positive cross-lingual relation in IST use, but it became weaker with age. The results support the idea that narrative skills are transferable between languages and suggest that cross-language relationships may interact with age and exposure factors in differential ways.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Factors influencing cross-language relationships
    • 2.1Biological age
    • 2.2Language exposure
  • 3.The present study
  • 4.Method
    • 4.1Participants
    • 4.2Instruments and procedures
      • 4.2.1Questionnaire for parents of bilingual children (PaBIQ)
      • 4.2.2Multilingual assessment instrument for narratives (MAIN)
    • 4.3Data analysis
  • 5.Results
    • 5.1Macrostructure scores in the two languages
    • 5.2Predictors of macrostructure scores in HL and ML
    • 5.3Relationship between macrostructure in HL and ML
  • 6.Discussion and conclusion
    • 6.1The quality of HL and ML narratives
    • 6.2The role of age and exposure
    • 6.3Relationship between HL and ML narrative skills
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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