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Article published In: Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
Vol. 8:5 (2018) ► pp.523–560

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Bilingualism effects in Basque Subject Pronoun Expression

Evidence from L2 Basque

 | Southern Illinois University Carbondale
 | The Ohio State University
Published online: 2 November 2018
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.16024.rod
Abstract
The Interface Hypothesis (IH) ( (2011). Pinning down the concept of “interface” in bilingualism. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 1(1), 1–33. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; Sorace, A., & Filiaci, F. (2006). Anaphora resolution in near-native speakers of Italian. Second Language Research, 22(3), 339–368. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; Sorace, A., & Serratrice, L. (2009). Internal and external interfaces in bilingual language development: Beyond structural overlap. International Journal of Bilingualism, 131, 195–210. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) proposes that structures involving an interface between syntax and other modules are less likely to be fully acquired. Whereas some studies have found evidence in favor of the IH (Michnowicz, J. (2015). Subject Pronoun Expression in Contact with Maya in Yucatan Spanish. In A. M. Carvalho, R. Orozco & N. Shin (Eds.), Subject Pronoun Expression in Spanish: A Cross-Dialectal Perspective (pp.101–119). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar), others have reported that adult 2L1 and L2 speakers of differing proficiencies are equally efficient in acquiring the pragmatic constraints conditioning Subject Pronoun Expression (SPE) (Carvalho, A. M., & Bessett, R. M. (2015). Subject Pronoun Expression in Spanish in contact with Portuguese. In A. M. Carvalho, R. Orozco & N. Shin (Eds.), Subject Pronoun Expression in Spanish: A Cross-Dialectal Perspective (pp. 143–165). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; (2015). First Person Singular Subject Pronoun Expression in Spanish in Contact with Catalan. In A. M. Carvalho, R. Orozco & N. Shin (Eds.), Subject Pronoun Expression in Spanish: A Cross-Dialectal Perspective (pp. 121–142). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar). In light of these contradictory results, this study tests the IH by exploring the acquisition of Basque SPE using naturally-occurring speech from 25 Basque-Spanish bilinguals. Results show that Basque L2-learners are responsive to discourse-pragmatic constraints. In fact, L2-Basque SPE is conditioned by a more complex set of constraints than native Basque SPE, for which we propose that L2 SPE results from a process of complexification (Dahl, O. (2004). The growth and maintenance of linguistic complexity. Studies in Language Companion Series 71. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar), triggered by transfer effects from Spanish.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Subject Pronoun Expression in Spanish and Basque: A bilingual approach
    • 2.1Subject Pronoun Expression in Spanish
    • 2.2Subject Pronoun Expression in Basque
  • 3.The Interface Hypothesis
  • 4.The present study
    • 4.1Objectives and research questions
    • 4.2Participants
    • 4.3Procedures
    • 4.4Data extraction and coding criteria
    • 4.5Data analysis
  • 5.Results
  • 6.Discussion
  • 7.Conclusions
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • References
References (93)
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