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Article published In: Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
Vol. 6:4 (2016) ► pp.341–395

Article

Variation, individual differences and second language processing

A Processability Theory study

 | University of Sydney
Published online: 10 March 2016
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.14007.dys
Abstract
Research on second language acquisition has located individual variation, without clarifying whether language processing prompts learners to differ systematically in the production of syntax and morphology. To address this issue, the study examined the hypothesis on variation in Processability Theory. This theory predicts that, within second language development, individual learners vary systematically in how they respond to developmental conflicts. Specifically, learners have distinct types, which are evident in their use of options and 'trailers' (structures which emerge late). Longitudinal spoken data were collected over one academic year from six adolescent ESL learners. The results revealed different learner types in terms of syntactic options and trailers. However, the learners had less clear types for the morphological options, used unpredicted options, and lacked consistency in their use of syntactic and morphological trailers. The paper suggests that learners vary in processing due to diverse orientations towards the acquisition of either syntax or morphology.
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • 1.Individual variation and differences in second language acquisition
  • 2.Processability Theory: The variational hypothesis
    • 3.1ESL development
    • 3.2The variational hypothesis
      • 3.2.1Theoretical background and aim
      • 3.2.2The variational options
      • 3.2.3Developmental conflicts and structure dependency
      • 3.2.4Empirical support
      • 3.2.5Trailers
      • 3.2.6Learner type
  • 4.The study
    • 4.1Research questions
    • 4.2Participants and design
    • 4.3Data analysis
  • 5.Results
    • 5.1Omission, violation and avoidance
      • 5.1.1Syntactic options: omission, violation and avoidance
      • 5.1.2Morphological options: violation and avoidance
      • 5.1.3Summary of the findings for syntactic and morphological options
    • 5.2Other options
    • 5.3Trailers
    • 5.4Overview of the results
  • 6.Discussion of results
  • 7.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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Cited by (4)

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Dyson, Bronwen
2019. Are speech and writing teachable?. In Teachability and Learnability across Languages [Processability Approaches to Language Acquisition Research & Teaching, 6], ► pp. 71 ff. DOI logo
Dyson, Bronwen
2023. SLA as complex, dynamical and predictable: A Processability Theory perspective. Second Language Research 39:4 ► pp. 1279 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2017. Understanding Second Language Processing [Bilingual Processing and Acquisition, 4], DOI logo
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2021. Dynamic Variation in Second Language Acquisition [Processability Approaches to Language Acquisition Research & Teaching, 8], DOI logo

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