The present work provides a detailed analysis of chain formation and locality conditions imposed on it within the Minimalist Program. It does so by analyzing resumptive strategies in great detail. This study claims that resumptive pronouns and their antecedents are first merged as constituents, and are separated via movement (thus forming instances of discontinuous constituents). Resumptive chains are thus akin to the well-known stranding analysis of quantifier float. A taxonomy of islands is developed that crucially ties barriers for movement to agreement possibilities. The stranding of a resumptive pronoun is shown to limit the role of agreement for the moving element, thereby allowing a chain to be formed across an island.
2025. Possessor extraction and categorical subject in Tseltalan. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 43:1 ► pp. 63 ff.
Carstens, Vicki
2025. Nguni Bare Nouns: Licensing without Case. Linguistic Inquiry 56:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Kallulli, Dalina & Ian Roberts
2025. Form Copy and A′-dependencies: Revisiting Resumption. Catalan Journal of Linguistics 24:2 ► pp. 45 ff.
Kehl, Andreas
2025. 275Complex verbal adjuncts in declaratives and interrogatives: Experimental evidence. In Information Structure and Discourse in Generative Grammar, ► pp. 275 ff.
Keine, Stefan & Hedde Zeijlstra
2025. Clause-internal successive cyclicity: Phasality or DP intervention?. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 43:3 ► pp. 1119 ff.
Konietzko, Andreas & Susanne Winkler
2025. 1Exploring the interplay of information structure, discourse and common ground: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. In Information Structure and Discourse in Generative Grammar, ► pp. 1 ff.
Olivier, Marc
2025. A syntactic account of auxiliary selection in French. Probus 37:2 ► pp. 163 ff.
Salvà, Sebastià
2025. Majorcan Catalan. Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 11:3 ► pp. 1 ff.
Alzayid, Ali
2024. On the Parataxis of Arabic split questions. Syntax 27:1 ► pp. 148 ff.
Al‐Aqarbeh, Rania & Jon Sprouse
2024. Island effects and amelioration by resumption in Jordanian Arabic: An auditory acceptability‐judgment study. Syntax 27:1 ► pp. 48 ff.
Amaechi, Mary & Doreen Georgi
2024. The That-Trace Effect—A Surface or a Deep Island Phenomenon? Evidence from Resumption and Prolepsis in Igbo. Languages 9:10 ► pp. 324 ff.
Ausensi, Josep & Alessandro Bigolin
2024. Hybrid subjects in Spanish and Catalan: Halfway between Agents and Patients. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 9:1
Ershova, Ksenia
2024. Phasehood as defective intervention: Possessor extraction and selective DP islandhood in West Circassian. Syntax 27:2 ► pp. 314 ff.
Hein, Johannes
2024. Category-Sensitive Escape from Islands in Limbum and Asante Twi. Languages 9:10 ► pp. 317 ff.
Li, Yafei & Jen Ting
2024. The particle s
uo in Mandarin Chinese: a case of long X0-dependency and a reexamination of the Principle of Minimal Compliance. Linguistics 62:2 ► pp. 421 ff.
Poole, Ethan, Jon Ander Mendia & Stefan Keine
2024. More on (the Lack of) Reconstruction in English Tough-Constructions. Linguistic Inquiry 55:4 ► pp. 871 ff.
Presotto, Giacomo & Jacopo Torregrossa
2024. Intervention and amelioration effects in the acquisition of Spanish object relative clauses: the role of word order and DOM. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 9:1
Skopeteas, Stavros, Firmin Ahoua, Marie Laure Koffi Bla Adou & Beatrice Koffi Mambo
2024. Resuming topics and foci: Anyi, Baule and microvariation in Kwa languages. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 45:1 ► pp. 45 ff.
Georgi, Doreen & Mary Amaechi
2023. Resumption in Igbo: Two types of resumptives, complex phi-mismatches, and dynamic deletion domains. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 41:3 ► pp. 961 ff.
Himmelreich, Anke
2023. Feature deletion by head movement – A new solution to agreement asymmetries in Modern Standard Arabic. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 8:1
2023. Absence of Clausal Islands in Shupamem. Languages 9:1 ► pp. 7 ff.
Ahn, Hee-Don & Sungeun Cho
2022. On Some (A)symmetrical Properties of Scramblings. Lanaguage Research 58:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Ahn, Hee-Don & Sungeun Cho
2022. On Some (A)symmetrical Properties of Scramblings. Lanaguage Research 58:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
BORSLEY, ROBERT D.
2022. Why do we need another book about unbounded dependencies? A review article on Chaves & Putnam’sUnbounded Dependency Constructions. Journal of Linguistics 58:1 ► pp. 203 ff.
Ernst, Thomas
2022. The adjunct condition and the nature of adjuncts. The Linguistic Review 39:1 ► pp. 85 ff.
Bondevik, Ingrid, Dave Kush & Terje Lohndal
2021. Variation in adjunct islands: The case of Norwegian. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 44:3 ► pp. 223 ff.
Dube, Progress
2021. Locative determiner phrases and locative relative clauses in isiNdebele. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 39:2 ► pp. 177 ff.
Mendes, Gesoel & Rodrigo Ranero
2021. Chain Reduction via Substitution: Evidence from Mayan. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 6:1
Snyder, William
2021. Satiation. In The Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Syntax, ► pp. 154 ff.
Snyder, William
2022. On the Nature of Syntactic Satiation. Languages 7:1 ► pp. 38 ff.
Cinque, Guglielmo
2020. The Syntax of Relative Clauses,
Fernández‐Sánchez, Javier & Dennis Ott
2020. Dislocations. Language and Linguistics Compass 14:9
Hein, Johannes & Andrew Murphy
2020. Case matching and syncretism in ATB‐dependencies. Studia Linguistica 74:2 ► pp. 254 ff.
Issah, Samuel A. & Peter W. Smith
2020. Subject and non-subject <i>ex-situ</i> focus in Dagbani. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 5:1
Keine, Stefan
2020. Locality Domains in Syntax: Evidence from Sentence Processing. Syntax 23:2 ► pp. 105 ff.
Tanaka, Misako
2020. Similarities and Differences between Quantifier Raising and Wh Movement Out of Adjuncts. Syntax 23:2 ► pp. 152 ff.
Abu Helal, Abdel‐Rahman
2019. On Discourse Features Inheritance in thevPInformation Structure: Evidence from Depictive Secondary Predication in Standard Arabic. Studia Linguistica 73:2 ► pp. 248 ff.
Chacón, Dustin A.
2019. Minding the gap?: Mechanisms underlying resumption in English. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 4:1
CHAVES, RUI P. & JERUEN E. DERY
2019. Frequency effects in Subject Islands. Journal of Linguistics 55:3 ► pp. 475 ff.
Halpert, Claire
2019. Raising, unphased. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 37:1 ► pp. 123 ff.
Imanishi, Yusuke
2019. The Clause‐Mate Condition on Resumption: Evidence from Kaqchikel. Studia Linguistica 73:2 ► pp. 398 ff.
JARRAH, MARWAN
2019. Record your Agree: A case study of the Arabic complementizerʔinn. Journal of Linguistics 55:1 ► pp. 83 ff.
Radford, Andrew
2019. Relative Clauses,
Reeve, Matthew
2019. An agreement-based analysis of extraction from nominals. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 37:1 ► pp. 263 ff.
2018. Q-Float in West Ulster English and labeling. Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 4:1 ► pp. 55 ff.
HAENDLER, Yair & Flavia ADANI
2018. Testing the effect of an arbitrary subject pronoun on relative clause comprehension: a study with Hebrew-speaking children. Journal of Child Language 45:4 ► pp. 959 ff.
Ishii, Toru
2018. On so-called “gapless” constructions in Japanese. Journal of Japanese Linguistics 34:2 ► pp. 173 ff.
Shormani, Mohammed Q., Mohammed Ali Qarabesh & Peter Stanley
2018. Vocatives: correlating the syntax and discourse at the interface. Cogent Arts & Humanities 5:1
van Urk, Coppe
2018. Pronoun copying in Dinka Bor and the Copy Theory of Movement. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 36:3 ► pp. 937 ff.
ÇAKIR, Sinan
2018. Sentential Subjects and the Freezing Principle in Turkish. Dil Eğitimi ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 4:2 ► pp. 61 ff.
ÇAKIR, Sinan
2020. Long distance scrambling and operator movement in Turkish. Dil ve Dilbilimi Çalışmaları Dergisi 16:1 ► pp. 440 ff.
ÇAKIR, Sinan
2020. Türkçede İlgi Tümceciği Adası Dışına Yapılan Taşımalar Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Dil Eğitimi ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 6:1 ► pp. 271 ff.
Alexiadou, Artemis
2017. Left Dislocation. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Second Edition, ► pp. 1 ff.
Baier, Nico
2017. Antilocality and Antiagreement. Linguistic Inquiry 48:2 ► pp. 367 ff.
Chocano, Gema & Esther Torrego
2017. Quantifier‐Float. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Second Edition, ► pp. 1 ff.
Corver, Norbert
2017. Subextraction. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Second Edition, ► pp. 1 ff.
Corver, Norbert
2017. Freezing Effects. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Second Edition, ► pp. 1 ff.
den Dikken, Marcel
2017. Overtly MarkedWh‐Paths. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Second Edition, ► pp. 1 ff.
Georgi, Doreen
2017. Patterns of Movement Reflexes as the Result of the Order of Merge and Agree. Linguistic Inquiry 48:4 ► pp. 585 ff.
Georgi, Doreen & Martin Salzmann
2017. The matching effect in resumption: A local analysis based on Case attraction and top-down derivation. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 35:1 ► pp. 61 ff.
Pan, Victor Junnan
2017. Minimaliser les dépendances Aʹ : résomptifs vs lacunes. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 62:1 ► pp. 118 ff.
Salzmann, Martin
2017. Prolepsis. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Second Edition, ► pp. 1 ff.
2015. The effect of construction frequency and native transfer on second language knowledge of the syntax–discourse interface. Applied Psycholinguistics 36:3 ► pp. 671 ff.
SLABAKOVA, ROUMYANA & MARÍA DEL PILAR GARCÍA MAYO
2015. The L3 syntax–discourse interface. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18:2 ► pp. 208 ff.
2014. Resumptive Pronouns and Competition. Linguistic Inquiry 45:4 ► pp. 655 ff.
Sterian, Laura Andreea
2014. On the D-linked character of genitive interrogatives in Iraqi Arabic. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 59:2 ► pp. 201 ff.
Diercks, Michael
2013. Indirect agree in Lubukusu complementizer agreement. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 31:2 ► pp. 357 ff.
Fleisher, Nicholas
2013. On The Absence of Scope Reconstruction in Tough Subject A-Chains. Linguistic Inquiry 44:2 ► pp. 321 ff.
Hartmann, Jutta M.
2013. Freezing in it-clefts. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 58:3 ► pp. 487 ff.
Rottman, Isaac & Masaya Yoshida
2013. Sluicing, Idioms, and Island Repair. Linguistic Inquiry 44:4 ► pp. 651 ff.
Gallego, Ángel J.
2011. Successive cyclicity, phases, and CED effects*. Studia Linguistica 65:1 ► pp. 32 ff.
Kitao, Yasuyuki
2011. The presence of head-raising and resumptive-stranding in Japanese relative clauses. Acta Linguistica Hungarica 58:3 ► pp. 313 ff.
2011. On syntactic differences between complement clauses and direct quotations in Japanese Sign Language. Japanese Journal of Sign Language Studies 20:0 ► pp. 67 ff.
Vicente, Luis
2011. Ángel J. Gallego, Phase theory (Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today152). Amsterdam & Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins, 2010. Pp. xii+365.. Journal of Linguistics 47:3 ► pp. 719 ff.
Adesola, Oluseye
2010. The Non-agreeing Subject Resumptive Pronoun in Yoruba. In Topics in Kwa Syntax [Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 78], ► pp. 65 ff.
BARBIERS, SJEF, OLAF KOENEMAN & MARIKA LEKAKOU
2010. Syntactic doubling and the structure ofwh-chains. Journal of Linguistics 46:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Barrie, Michael
2010. Noun incorporation as symmetry breaking. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 55:3 ► pp. 273 ff.
Barrie, Michael
2015. Two Kinds of Structural Noun Incorporation. Studia Linguistica 69:3 ► pp. 237 ff.
Cecchetto, Carlo & Caterina Donati
2010. On Labeling: Principle C and Head Movement. Syntax 13:3 ► pp. 241 ff.
Modesto, Marcello
2010. What Brazilian Portuguese Says about Control: Remarks on Boeckx & Hornstein. Syntax 13:1 ► pp. 78 ff.
Takahashi, Shoichi
2010. Traces or Copies, or Both – Part II: Introducing Further Considerations. Language and Linguistics Compass 4:11 ► pp. 1104 ff.
TAKAHASHI, SHOICHI
2010. APPROACHING FOUNDATIONAL ISSUES IN LINGUISTIC THEORY FROM RECONSTRUCTION AND ELLIPSIS. ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 27:2 ► pp. 449 ff.
Abels, Klaus & Ad Neeleman
2009. 4 Universal 20 without the LCA. In Merging Features, ► pp. 60 ff.
Arosio, Fabrizio, Flavia Adani & Maria Teresa Guasti
2009. 8 Grammatical features in the comprehension of Italian relative clauses by children. In Merging Features, ► pp. 138 ff.
Bentzen, Kristine
2009. Subject positions and their interaction with verb movement*. Studia Linguistica 63:3 ► pp. 261 ff.
José M. Brucart, Anna Gavarró & Jaume Solà
2009. Merging Features,
José M. Brucart, Anna Gavarró & Jaume Solà
2009. 1 Merge and features: a minimalist introduction. In Merging Features, ► pp. 1 ff.
Csirmaz, Aniko
2009. 13 Homogeneity and flexibility in temporal modification. In Merging Features, ► pp. 235 ff.
Emonds, Joseph
2009. 11 Valuing V features and N features: What adjuncts tell us about case, agreement, and syntax in general. In Merging Features, ► pp. 194 ff.
Guilliot, Nicolas & Nouman Malkawi
2009. 9 When movement fails to reconstruct. In Merging Features, ► pp. 159 ff.
HADDAD, YOUSSEF A.
2009. Copy Control in Telugu. Journal of Linguistics 45:1 ► pp. 69 ff.
2014. Left edge topics in Russian and the processing of anaphoric dependencies. Journal of Linguistics 50:3 ► pp. 627 ff.
Runner, Jeffrey T.
2006. Lingering Challenges to the Raising‐to‐object and Object‐control Constructions. Syntax 9:2 ► pp. 193 ff.
Boeckx, Cedric & Norbert Hornstein
2005. On eliminating d‐structure: the case of binominal each. Syntax 8:1 ► pp. 23 ff.
Boeckx, Cedric & Norbert Hornstein
2006. The Virtues of Control as Movement. Syntax 9:2 ► pp. 118 ff.
Boskovic, Zeljko
2005. On the locality of left branch extraction and the structure of NP*. Studia Linguistica 59:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Bošković, Željko
2009. More on the no‐DP analysis of article‐less languages*. Studia Linguistica 63:2 ► pp. 187 ff.
Bošković, Željko
2014. Now I’m a Phase, Now I’m Not a Phase: On the Variability of Phases with Extraction and Ellipsis. Linguistic Inquiry 45:1 ► pp. 27 ff.
Bošković, Željko
2018. On Movement out of Moved Elements, Labels, and Phases. Linguistic Inquiry 49:2 ► pp. 247 ff.
Boškovič, Zeljko
2009. Wh-movement: Moving on. Ed. by Lisa Lai-Shen Cheng and Norbert Corver. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006. Pp. 369. ISBN 0262532794. $42.. Language 85:2 ► pp. 463 ff.
Boeckx, Cedric
2004. Long‐distance agreement in Hindi: Some theoretical implications. Studia Linguistica 58:1 ► pp. 23 ff.
Boeckx, Cedric
2007. Linearization of chains and sideward movement. By Jairo Nunes. (Linguistic inquiry monograph series.) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004. Pp. xiv, 196. ISBN 0262640554. $26.. Language 83:4 ► pp. 895 ff.
Boeckx, Cedric
2008. Islands. Language and Linguistics Compass 2:1 ► pp. 151 ff.
Boeckx, Cedric & Fumikazu Niinuma
2004. Conditions on Agreement in Japanese. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 22:3 ► pp. 453 ff.
Grohmann, Kleanthes K.
2003. Successive Cyclicity under (Anti‐)Local Considerations. Syntax 6:3 ► pp. 260 ff.
[no author supplied]
2006. References. Syntax 9:2 ► pp. 214 ff.
[no author supplied]
2006. Consolidated References. In The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, ► pp. 439 ff.
[no author supplied]
2009. Abbreviations. In Merging Features, ► pp. xii ff.
[no author supplied]
2009. Copyright Page. In Merging Features, ► pp. iv ff.
[no author supplied]
2009. List of figures. In Merging Features, ► pp. vii ff.
[no author supplied]
2009. List of tables. In Merging Features, ► pp. viii ff.
[no author supplied]
2009. Notes on contributors. In Merging Features, ► pp. ix ff.
[no author supplied]
2011. General Preface. In Events, Phrases, and Questions, ► pp. vii ff.
[no author supplied]
2011. Abbreviations. In Events, Phrases, and Questions, ► pp. x ff.
[no author supplied]
2011. Copyright Page. In Events, Phrases, and Questions, ► pp. iv ff.
[no author supplied]
2011. List of Figures and Tables. In Events, Phrases, and Questions, ► pp. ix ff.
[no author supplied]
2013. On Wh‐Movement, 1977. In An Annotated Syntax Reader ‐ Lasting Insights and Questions, ► pp. 86 ff.
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