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In:Null or Nothing: Zero elements in Romance syntax and morphology
Edited by Peter Herbeck and Natascha Pomino
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 291] 2026
► pp. 375–379

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Subject index

Published online: 27 February 2026
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.291.si
A
  • acceptability judgment task 320, 323, 348
  • adjective 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 20, 28, 33, 38, 39, 41, 74, 77, 92, 107, 113, 118, 119, 122, 125, 126, 131, 133, 135, 140–180, 228, 233, 243, 315, 327, 353
  • adjunct clause 224, 255, 259, 264, 269, 276
    • non-finite adjunct clauses (NFAC) 251, 253, 259, 264, 268–269, 276
  • agreement 3, 96, 27–56, 59, 68, 69, 73, 75, 76, 77, 80, 96, 105, 163, 165, 168, 175, 233, 255, 274, 302
  • aktionsart 42, 119, 163
  • allomorphy 3, 11, 12, 18–24, 175, 181, 192, 198, 204, 208
  • analytic verb form 115, 183, 184, 187, 194, 209
  • analyticisation 181, 199, 201, 208, 209, 211
  • anaphoric 254, 283, 359
    • anaphoric null objects (see null object)
  • anasynthetic spiral194
  • animacy 283–305, 338, 348, 350
    • animacy restriction 302, 338, 348, 350
  • animate 88, 90, 100, 103, 104, 106, 108, 289, 291, 292, 294–304
    • animate P-N compound(see compound)
    • animate V-N compound(see compound)
  • appositional compound(see compound)
  • argument
    • argument ellipsis 225, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 245
    • argument structure 43, 53, 65, 99, 100, 115, 118, 119, 141, 163
    • implicit argument 75, 218–219, 334–340, 347–352, 354, 356–359, 362
  • argumental synthetic compound(see compound)
  • athematicity206
  • axial part 342–363
    • axial part complex 342, 345, 346, 347, 349, 352–354, 358, 359, 362, 363
    • axial part nominal 353–354
    • axial part term 345–347
B
  • bahuvrihi compound(see compound)
  • bare nouns 218–250, 285, 312, 316, 322, 325, 357
  • benefactive 309, 311, 315, 316, 319, 321, 324, 325, 326
  • blocking 6, 209, 210, 211
C
  • case assignment 52, 356
  • Catalan 181–215
  • categorial exocentricity(see exocentricity)
  • categorized affixes89
  • categorized roots(see roots)
  • category-less roots(see roots)
  • change of state-verb 120, 122, 123, 124
  • clausal objects 256, 258, 262, 264, 266, 267
  • clitic 25, 148, 220–250, 251–277, 281, 284, 295, 337, 338, 361
    • clitic clusters 251–277, 281
    • clitic drop253
    • clitic left dislocation338
    • object clitic 252, 255, 258, 261, 264, 272, 275
  • compositional V-N compound(see compound)
  • compounding(see compound)
  • configurational complexity 132, 134
  • conjugation class 118, 132, 141, 144, 150, 186
  • context-sensitive 197, 199
  • contrastive context 338, 348, 349, 350, 356
  • contrastive focus 338, 348
  • coordinate compound(see compound)
  • corpus 91, 106, 182, 186, 256, 258, 261, 262, 264, 268, 272, 275, 277, 283–307, 338, 348
  • cumulative exponence 143, 158, 175, 183, 192
  • compound 28, 33, 41, 46, 57–87, 94, 107
    • animate P-N compound107
    • animate V-N compound 90, 100, 104, 105
    • appositional compound 94, 96
    • argumental synthetic compound 93, 94
    • bahuvrihi compound 58, 76, 94–97
    • compositional V-N compound 61, 80, 82
    • coordinate compound94
    • default masculine compounds 90, 103
    • default masculine P-N compound106
    • default masculine V-N compound103
    • dvandva compound 94, 96, 97
    • exocentric compound 28, 31, 49, 57–82, 88–108
    • false exocentric compound 89, 95, 97–98, 100, 108
    • idiom-based V-N compound 60–6, 78, 80, 82
    • phrasal compound94
    • P-N compound 90, 94, 95, 100, 106, 107, 108
    • possessive compound 57, 60, 76–80, 82
    • real exocentric compound 94–96, 108
    • VN compound (V-N compound) 27–53, 60, 106
D
  • deadjectival 113, 118, 122, 124, 135, 140–176
  • definite anaphoric null object (ANO)(see null objects)
  • definite null objects (NO)(see null object)
  • Deg 346, 350, 360
  • degrees of transparency 193, 209
  • deictic 294, 302, 327, 328, 329, 330, 358–362
  • Deix 360, 361
  • deixis 327, 330, 360, 361
  • deletion 114, 172, 225, 227, 231, 234, 236, 237, 245, 269, 275, 337, 338, 340
  • derivation 36, 37, 39, 43, 44, 51, 58, 89, 92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 101, 108, 110–136, 140–176, 195, 302
    • null derivation 92, 98
    • overt derivation 98–99, 101
  • derivational 36, 89, 92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 99, 101, 112, 117–119, 126, 131, 135, 140, 141, 146, 149, 150, 171
    • derivational morpheme 98, 99
    • derivational null suffix89
    • overt derivational morpheme99
    • overt derivational suffix101
  • deverbal compound 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 75, 80
  • Distributed Morphology 12, 89, 93, 113, 135, 181, 190, 195
  • dvandva compound(see compound)

E

  • écrasement 255, 261, 266, 268, 272–276
  • ellipsis 31–33, 225, 227, 231–245, 285, 316, 325, 335–340, 349
    • NP-ellipsis 218, 225, 233, 236, 238–240, 242, 245
  • empty head 94, 96
  • empty n 59, 95, 96, 42
  • empty noun 32, 60, 67, 68, 70, 78, 82
  • English 28, 34, 39, 67, 78, 89, 91, 93, 94, 98, 99, 101, 108, 112, 114, 143, 145, 154, 155, 241, 270, 287, 301, 309, 354
  • epenthesis 3, 5, 10, 13–25
  • exocentric compound(see compound)
  • exocentricity 31, 58, 60, 69, 76, 78, 82, 96, 97, 107, 108
    • categorial exocentricity 58, 71
    • morphological exocentricity 57–58, 69
    • semantic exocentricity58
  • Exo-Skeletal Model 89, 90, 98, 106
  • exponent 3–25, 89, 142, 149, 163, 166, 169, 176, 182, 183, 190–211
    • null exponent89
  • extended PP 342, 357
F
  • failed Agree 103, 104, 106
  • fake vocatives 326, 327
  • false exocentric compound(see compound)
  • feature 27–53, 57–60, 62, 68–69, 75–76, 78–81, 88–90, 93, 102–108, 115–116, 148–151, 154–162, 164, 166–172, 174–176, 190–192, 194–197, 202–206, 209, 233, 338–339, 245, 274–276, 284, 302, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316–317, 322–324, 327–331, 344, 346, 358, 361–362
  • feminine gender(see gender feature)
  • fragment338
  • French 28, 34, 61, 73, 88–108, 111–113, 115, 118–120, 122–123, 124, 128–129, 131–135, 151, 154, 165, 167–168, 185, 226–230, 244–245, 251–277, 334–363
    • French prepositions(see preposition)
    • medieval French 251–277
    • modern French 90, 98–99, 252, 256, 268–269, 273
    • old French 90, 98–99, 254, 256–257, 273
  • functional categories 98, 114, 190
  • functional categorizer 89, 101, 103
  • fusion 114, 181–183, 195, 198–199, 200, 202–203, 205, 207, 210–211
G
  • gender feature 30, 90, 103–107
    • default masculine gender 90, 101, 102, 103, 105, 107
    • feminine gender105
    • masculine gender 5, 69, 90, 101–103, 105, 106–107
    • semantic gender104
  • Generative Syntax 112–135
  • generic 218, 222, 285, 294, 336, 354–355, 358–360
    • generic non-referential358
  • Germanic languages 28–29, 89, 91, 99
  • gerunds 99, 259, 269
  • go-past 181–182, 189, 191, 194, 206, 208–209, 211
  • ground 47, 330, 335, 342–346, 350, 353, 357, 362
H
  • headedness 57–60, 80
  • homophony 199, 210–211
    • homophony-triggered blocking211
  • HPSG38
I
  • idiom-based V-N compound(see compound)
  • implicit argument(see argument)
  • impoverishment 203, 205
  • inanimate 70, 283, 291–292, 294, 297–313, 352
  • incorporation 93–94
  • indefinite null objects (INO)(see null object)
  • indefinite object drop(see null object)
  • infinitives 22, 24, 52, 88, 90, 98–99, 100–103, 105, 150, 229, 253–254, 259, 267–269, 271
  • inflection 3–4, 8, 10, 21, 23–24, 33, 34, 36, 39, 65, 96, 100, 111–112, 117–118, 132, 134–135, 140, 143–144, 149, 150, 163, 165–166, 175, 181–184, 191, 199, 209, 225–226, 334, 339, 343
  • INO(see null objects)
  • insertion rules 197, 199, 205
  • intersentential 283, 288–289, 291, 294, 296–297, 299–303
  • intrasentential 283, 288–289, 294, 296–297, 299–301
  • inverse vocative 308–331
  • irregular (verb) form 188, 197, 206, 211
  • IS A test59
  • Italian 28, 41, 63, 65, 67, 73, 77, 81, 82, 101, 118, 130–131, 140, 142–146, 149, 155–156, 160, 175, 212, 226–229, 230, 245, 271, 273, 287–289, 308–331, 339, 361
L
  • lack of transparency(see transparency)
  • language processing 126–127, 130, 132
  • left dislocation 255, 338
  • lexical decision (task) 127–130, 132, 135
  • lexicalist framework 88, 91, 93
  • linear adjacency199
  • little p 47, 48, 52, 350, 357
  • Loc 350, 358, 360
  • locality constraints 198–199, 204
M
  • masculine gender 5, 69, 90, 101–103, 105, 106–107 (see gender)
  • medieval French(see French)
  • metonymy 96–97
  • mismatch 27, 32–33, 36, 40, 47–48, 59, 104, 181–183, 195, 200, 202, 211
  • modern French(see French)
  • morphological exocentricity(see exocentricity)
  • morphological transparency(see transparency)
N
  • n categorizer 99–101
  • Nanosyntax 114, 140, 143, 146, 152, 154, 156–158
  • Natural Morphology27
  • nominal
    • nominal categorizer 68, 101
    • nominal morphology 2–6, 8, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20–21, 23
  • nominalization 60–67, 70, 72, 75, 79, 81
  • nominalized infinitives 88, 90, 98–103, 105
    • nominal nominalized infinitive 90, 99, 102
    • verbal nominalized infinitive 90, 99
  • non-contrastive context 338, 348–350, 356
  • non-finite adjunct clauses (NFAC)(see adjunct clause)
  • NP-ellipsis(see ellipsis)
  • null categorizer 68, 82, 88, 90, 98, 107–108
  • null derivation(see derivation)
  • null exponent(see exponent)
  • null nominalizers105
  • null object (NO) 218–245, 251–277, 283–303, 343
    • anaphoric null object 251–279, 283–286
    • definite anaphoric null objects (ANO) 259, 262, 281
    • definite null objects (NO) 220, 259, 262, 283, 284, 286, 293, 294, 303
    • indefinite null objects (INO) 218, 220, 236, 244–245, 285
    • indefinite object drop 218–246
    • reflexive anaphoric null objects 259, 280
  • null pronoun 251–254, 253, 256, 276, 302, 334–341, 343, 345–347, 350–355, 359–360, 362–363
  • null subject 283–304
  • null suffix 89, 94, 99, 111
  • number 27, 29, 33–36, 39–40, 43, 47–48, 52, 62, 101–103, 106–107, 149–150, 166–169, 174, 182, 186–189, 209, 233, 238–239, 274, 353
O
  • object clitic(see clitic)
  • object-gap Purpose Clauses 269–270
  • obligate orphan 354–355, 360–362
  • obligatory Contour Principle275
  • obliteration 181–183, 195, 198, 203–204, 207, 210–211
  • old French(see French)
  • opaque cliticization275
  • orphan preposition(see preposition)
  • overt derivation(see derivation)
  • overt derivational morpheme(see derivational)
  • overt derivational suffix(see derivational)
  • overt suffix 89, 98, 118, 140–144, 150
  • overt suffixation(see suffixation)
P
  • paradigmatic contrast 7, 9, 15–16
  • paradigmatic levelling210
  • paradigmatic relations 3, 7, 9, 15–16, 24
  • paradigmatic uniformity 7, 15, 58
  • parasitic Gap (PG) 253, 269–270
    • parasitic gap constructions270
  • parasynthesis 111–113, 118–119, 123–127, 130–135, 141, 144, 160
  • periphrastic GO-past 181–187, 206
  • periphrastic past 181, 183, 184, 186–189, 191, 194, 197
  • person 3, 4, 70, 96, 103, 105–106, 111, 132, 150, 166–169, 171, 174, 182, 186, 187–189, 191, 193, 199, 201, 203–204, 209, 230, 253, 255, 258, 261–262, 264, 268–269, 272–276, 283, 294, 303, 309, 313, 317, 321, 325, 327, 340, 361–362
  • PF-deletion 238, 338
  • phonological reduction 194, 261, 274–275
  • phrasal compound(see compound)
  • phrasal lexicalisation 140, 143, 152, 163, 167, 175
  • Picard 256–257, 273, 276
  • P-N compound(see compound)
  • possessive compound(see compound)
  • possessives 32, 33, 80, 313
  • preferred allomorph 12–14, 19, 22
  • prefixation 27, 111–112, 117, 119–127, 129, 131–135, 141
  • preposition 23–24, 43, 46–48, 52, 57, 60–63, 65, 76–79, 80, 83, 119, 123, 239–240, 254–254, 259, 267–269. 271, 294, 312, 315–316, 318–319, 322, 324–326, 329, 334–355, 357, 358, 360–363
    • French prepositions 340–341
    • orphan preposition 334–336, 338–341, 347–348, 362
    • strong preposition 341–343, 345–346, 350–352, 357–358, 362
    • substantive prepositions349
    • weak preposition 342–346, 350, 353, 355, 357–358, 360, 362
  • prepositional infinitives 259, 267–269, 271
  • priming 129–135
  • priority 12–15, 18–22
  • projected and unprojected implicit argument336
  • proliferation 150, 152, 166, 197
  • psycholinguistic experiment 111, 113, 128, 135
  • psycholinguistic testing111
R
  • real exocentric compound(see compound)
  • reanalysis 77, 80, 260, 330, 351, 361
  • reduced relative clause 66, 72, 75, 82, 89, 95–97
  • re-establishing transparency(see transparency)
  • reflexive anaphoric null objects (ANO)(see null objects)
  • restructuring 183, 199–201, 204, 206, 209–210
  • Righthand Head Rule (RHR) 88, 91
  • Romance 28–29, 39, 44, 57–61, 63, 71, 88–91, 93, 99, 111–113, 118, 131, 167–168, 190, 200, 202, 212, 218, 229, 252, 254, 264, 273, 277, 283, 285, 315, 334–335, 339, 358
  • root
    • categorized roots 78, 89, 98
    • category-less roots 89, 98, 99
  • root clauses 168, 259–260, 262, 264, 275
S
  • semantic exocentricity(see exocentricity)
  • semantic gender(see gender)
  • sentential domain 62, 283, 286, 288, 290–292, 294, 296, 299–304
  • separationism27
  • simple past 181–189, 192–194, 197–198, 200
  • Simpler Syntax27
  • sloppy reading 218, 240–242, 244–245, 336–338, 352, 359
  • small pro 34, 89, 101, 103, 108
  • sonority 2–5, 7, 13, 15, 22–24
  • Spanish 16, 27–33, 35–37, 39, 41–43, 45, 49, 51, 53, 61–65, 68, 70, 72–73, 81–82, 113, 118, 160, 163, 167, 218–256, 270, 273, 285, 334–336, 338, 340–341, 343, 347–350, 354–363
  • spanning 114, 116–117, 120–125, 135, 181–183, 198, 205–211
  • spatial deixis 361–362
  • spatial expression (SPEX) 334–363
  • split VocP315
  • strict and sloppy reading 242, 337
  • strong preposition(see preposition)
  • structural complexity 126–127, 129–130, 134, 181, 202
  • substantive prepositions(see preposition)
  • suffixation 98, 111–112, 117–118, 125–127, 130–135, 140–141, 143–144, 146
    • overt suffixation 98, 118, 140–141, 144
  • syntactic function 116, 283, 286–288, 290–291, 294–297, 299–304
  • syntactic gemination 308, 312, 314, 324, 330
  • synthetic verb form 58, 115, 183–184, 187, 194, 196, 199, 206
T
  • theme vowel 22, 36, 42, 62–64, 66, 70, 79, 115–116, 120, 122–125, 140–141, 144, 160, 163–166, 169, 171–172, 174, 176, 190, 193, 309, 311, 313–319, 322, 324–330
  • TV(see theme vowel)
  • transparency
    • lack of transparency 181, 183, 184–185, 193–194, 199–200, 211
    • morphological transparency 183–184, 189–190, 192–194, 200, 211
    • re-establishing transparency200
  • true vocatives 309–310, 312–315, 324, 327
  • truncation 145, 308, 312, 314, 319, 321, 324, 326, 328–330
U
  • uncategorized root98
  • unvalued features 37–39, 103, 106, 361–362
V
  • V → N conversion90
  • Valencian Catalan 181–188, 201, 206, 209, 211, 274
  • verbal morphology 3, 5, 9, 24
  • verbal nominalized infinitive(see nominalized infinitive)
  • verbalization 112–113, 116–119, 125, 131–132
  • verbalizer 65, 113, 116–119, 125–126, 134, 196
  • VN compound(see compound)
  • Vocabulary Insertion Only Model205
  • Vocabulary Item 12, 114–117, 120–125, 135, 183, 197–198, 201, 203, 205, 207–209
W
  • weak preposition(see preposition)
  • well-formedness condition 190, 202–204
  • word recognition 127–129, 135
  • word-formation 31, 89, 93, 97, 100, 108, 111, 114, 116, 118, 129–135, 141, 143, 160
Z
  • zero
    • zero derivation 58, 94, 108, 112, 140–141, 143–144, 146, 151, 156
    • zero exponence 181, 183, 195, 197–199, 211
    • zero exponence, (against) 195, 197, 199
    • zero morpheme 2–25, 67, 125, 142–143, 149–152, 155, 157, 163, 165–166, 175
    • zero morphology 140, 142, 149, 151, 166–167, 175
    • zero-affixes 35–36, 89, 98, 111–136
    • zero-derived 130, 143, 146, 148, 150, 156, 158–159, 162, 175
    • zero-suffix 98–99, 142–143, 148, 150, 169
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