Cover not available

In:Thetics and Categoricals
Edited by Werner Abraham, Elisabeth Leiss and Yasuhiro Fujinawa
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 262] 2020
► pp. 351–386

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
authorization required

Perception description, report and thetic statements

Roles of sentence-final particles in Japanese and modal particles in German

 | Gakushuin University
Published online: 22 July 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.262.13oka
Abstract
This paper aims to explain the relationship between thetic statements and two groups of particles, i.e. Japanese sentence-final particles (sfps) and German modal particles (mps). Thetic statements are generally associated with predicates of temporary states, verbs of existence or verbs of appearance. By examining the properties of predicates in thetic statements, I argue that perception description is a key characteristic for theticity. I propose a common representational framework (Pragmatic Function Representation; PFR) and a distributional map (Spectrum for Persons Involved and Reference Points; SfPI&RP) to capture commonalities and differences of sfps and mps. What is common in the use of sfps and mps is that they both can contribute to form a speech act directed to addressees (report), so that the sentences thus formed are non-thetic. Most sfps contribute to convert private expressions into public ones, which is not the case in German mps.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Three problems of ga
    • 2.1Two functions of ga
    • 2.2Ga and property of predicates
    • 2.3Ga … teiru construction for description
  • 3.Commonalities and differences of sfps and mps
    • 3.1General view
    • 3.2Commonalities of sfps and mps
    • 3.3Three different features of sfps
    • 3.4A common framework for mps and seps: Pragmatic Function Representation
  • 4.Private vs. public expressions
  • 5.Thetic statements and roles of sfps and mps reconsidered
    • 5.1Thetic statements and roles of sfps
    • 5.2Thetic statements and roles of mps
  • 6.Concluding remarks
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
References (76)
References
Abraham, Werner. 1991. The grammaticization of the German modal particles. In Approaches to Grammaticalization, Vol. 2: Types of Grammatical Markers [Typological Studies in Language 19], Elizabeth Closs Traugott & Bernd Heine (eds), 331–380. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2017a. Modalpartikel und Mirativeffekte. In Grammatische Funktionen aus Sicht der japanischen und deutschen Germanistik [Linguistische Berichte, Sonderheft 24], Shin Tanaka, Elisabeth Leiss, Werner Abraham & Yasuhiro Fujinawa (eds), 75–107. Hamburg: Buske.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2017b. Modal particles and Verum focus – New corollaries. In Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles: New Perspectives [Studies in Language Companion Series 186], Chiara Fedriani & Andrea Sansó (eds), 171–202. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Alfonso, Anthony. 1966. Japanese Language Patterns: A Structural Approach, Vol.1. Tokyo: Sophia University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Altmann, Hans & Hahnemann, Suzan. 2010, Prüfungswissen Syntax. Göttingen: Veandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Autenrieth, Tanja. 2002. Heterosemie und Grammatikalisierung bei Modalpartikeln: Eine synchrone und diachrone Studie anhand von eben, halt, e(cher)t, einfach, schlicht und glatt. Tübingen: Niemeyer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bublitz, Wolfram 1978, Ausdrucksweisen der Sprechereinstellung im Deutschen und Englischen: Untersuchungen zur Syntax, Semantik und Pragmatik der deutschen Modalpartikeln und Vergewisserungsfragen und ihrer englischen Entsprechungen. Tübingen: Niemeyer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Burkhardt, Armin. 1994. Abtönungspartikeln im Deutschen: Bedeutung und Genese. Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 22: 129–151. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Büring, Daniel. 2016. Intonation and Meaning. Oxford: OUP. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Carlson, Gregory N. 1977. Reference to Kinds in English. PhD dissertation, University of California, Irvine. (Also published in 1980, New York NY: Garland).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Coniglio, Marco. 2011. Die Syntax der deutschen Modalpartikeln: Ihre Distribution und Lizenzierung in Haupt- und Nebensätzen. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Deguchi, Masanori. 2012. Revisiting the thetic/categorical distinction in Japanese. Modern & Classical Languages 51. Western Washington University. <[URL]> (30 March 2020).
Ferraresi, Gisella. 2014. Grammatikalisierung. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fujinawa, Yasuhiro. 2017. Licht und Schatten der kategorischen/thetischen Aussage: Kopula und Lokalisierungsverben im deutschjapanischen Vergleich. In Grammatische Funktionen aus Sicht der japanischen und deutschen Germanistik. [Linguistische Berichte, Sonderheft 24], Shin Tanaka, Elisabeth Leiss, Werner Abraham & Yasuhiro Fujinawa (eds), 15–40. Hamburg: Buske.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hasegawa, Yoko. 2010. Soliloquy in Japanese and English. [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 202]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hasegawa, Yoko & Hirose, Yukio. 2005. What the Japanese language tells us about the alleged Japanese relational self. Australian Journal of Linguistics 25: 219–251. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hasegawa, Yoko. 2017. Sansoumoderu ni yoru hitorigoto no bunseki (Analysis of soliloquy based on the Three-Tier Model). In Sansoumoderu de mietekuru gengo no kinou to shikumi (Understanding Functions and Mechanism of Language based on Three-Tier Model), Yukio Hirose, Masaharu Shimada, Naoaki Wada, Masaru Kanetani & Akiko Nagano (eds), 26–43. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hirose, Yukio. 1988. Shitekihyougen to koutekihyougen (Private expression and public expression). Bugeigengo-Kenkyu, Gengohen 14: 37–56. University of Tsukuba.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Helbig, Gerhard. 1990. Lexikon deutscher Partikeln. Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopädie Leipzig.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hirose, Yukio. 1995. Direct and indirect speech as quotations of public and private expression. Lingua 95: 223–238. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2000. Public and private self as two aspects of the speaker: A contrastive study of Japanese and English. Journal of Pragmatics 32: 1623–1656. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2002. Viewpoint and the nature of the Japanese reflexive Zibun. Cognitive Linguistics 13: 357–401. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2013. Deconstruction of the Speaker and the Three-Tier Model of Language Use. In Tsukuba English Studies 32: 1–28. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2015. An overview of the Three-Tier Model of Language Use. English Linguistics 32: 120–138. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2017. Jibun no gengogaku: Gengoshiyou no sansou moderu ni mukete (Linguistics of self: The Three-Tier Model of language use). In Sansoumoderu de mietekuru gengo no kinou to shikumi (Understanding Functions and Mechanism of Language based on Three-Tier Model), Yukio Hirose, Masaharu Shimada, Naoaki Wada, Masaru Kanetani & Akiko Nagano (eds), 2–24. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hirose, Yukio & Hasegawa, Yoko. 2010. Nihongo kara Mita Nihonjin: Shutaisei no Gengogaku (Japanese People as Seen from the Japanese Language: The Linguistics of Subjectivity). Tokyo: Kaitakusha.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hooper, Joan B. & Thompson, Sandra A. 1973. On the applicability of root transformations. Linguistic Inquiry 4: 465–497.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Horie, Kaoru. 1998. On the polyfunctionality of the Japanese particle NO: From the perspectives of ontology and grammaticalization. In Studies in Japanese Grammaticalization: Cognitive and Discourse Perspectives, Toshio Ohori (ed.), 169–192. Tokyo: Kuroshio.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ide, Sachiko. 1989. Formal forms and discernment: Two neglected aspects of universals of linguistic politeness. Multilingua 8: 223–248. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1991. How and why do women speak more politely in Japanese? In Aspects of Japanese Women’s Language, Sachiko Ide & Naomi H. McGloin (eds), 63–79. Tokyo: Kuroshio.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Karagjosova, Elena. 2004. The Meaning and Function of German Modal Particles [Saarbrücken Dissertations in Computational Linguistics and Language Technology]. Saarbrücken: Saarland University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Katagiri, Tetsuharu. 1997. Shujoshi to intonēshon (Japanese sentence-final particles and utterance-final intonation). In Bunpou to onsei (Speech and Grammar), Vol. 1, Onsei Bunpou Kenkyūkai (ed.) 235–256.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kindaichi, Haruhiko. 1976. Nihongo-dooshi no tensu to asupekuto (Tense and aspect of the Japanese verbs). In Nihongo-doushi no asupekuto (Aspect of the Japanese Language), Haruhiko Kindaichi (ed.), 27–61. Tokyo: Mugishobo.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kinsui, Satoshi. 2000. Yakuwarigo tankyu no teian (Proposal to the study of role- languages) In Kokugoshi no shinshiten (New Perspective of the Japanese Language History), Kiyoji Sato (ed.), 311–351. Tokyo: Meijishoin.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014. Yakuwarigo shoujiten (Small Dictionary of the Role-Languages). Tokyo: Kenkyusha.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kori, Shiro. 1997. Nihongo no intonēshon: Kata to kinō (Intonation of Japanese: Form and function). In Akusento, Intonēshon, Rizumu to Pōzu (Accent, Intonation, Rhythm and Pause), Tetsuya Kunihiro, Hajime Hirose & Morio Kono (eds), 169–202. Tokyo: Sanseido.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2015. Nihongo no bunmatsuintonēshon no shurui to meishou no saikentou (Reexamination of sorts and naming of sentence-final intonation in Japanese). Gengobunkakenkyu (Studies in Language and Culture) 41: 85–107. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Koyama, Tetsuharu. 1997. Bunmatsushi to bunmatsu intonēshon (Sentence-final particles and final intonation in Japanese). In Bunpou to onsei (Speech and Grammar), Vol. 1, Onsei Bunpou Kenkyūkai (ed.), 97–119.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Krifka, Manfred. 1984. Fokus, Topik, syntaktische Struktur und semantische Interpretation. Ms.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kunihiro, Tetsuya. 1992. ‘Noda’ kara ‘noni’•‘node’ e. (From ‘noda’ to ‘noni’•‘node’). In Nihongokenkyu to nihongokyoiku (Studies on the Japanese Language and Japanese Lessons), Hiroko Quackenbush et al. (eds), 17–34. Nagoya: University of Nagoya.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kuno, Susumu. 1973. The Structure of the Japanese Language. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kuroda, Shige-Yuki. 1965. Generative Grammatical Studies in the Japanese Language. PhD dissertation, MIT. <[URL]>
. 1972. The categorical and the thetic judgment. Foundations of Language 9: 153–185.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ladusaw, William A. 1994. Thetic and categorical, stage and individual, weak and strong. In Proceedings of SALT 4, Mandy Harvey & Lynn Santelmann (eds), 220–229. Ithaca NY: Cornell University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Marty, Anton. 1918. Gesammelte Schriften, Bd. 2, 1, Josef Eisenmeier, Alfred Kastil & Oskar Kraus (eds). Halle an der Saale: Max Niemeyer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Matsumoto, Yoshiko. 1988. Reexamination of the universality of face: Politeness phenomena in Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics 12: 403–426. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Maturana, Humberto R. & Varela, Francisco J. 1992. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston MA: Shambhala.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McGloin, Naomi. 1991. Sex difference and sentence-final particles. In Aspects of Japanese Women’s Language, Sachiko Ide & Naomi H. McGloin (eds), 23–41. Tokyo: Kuroshio.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Meibauer, Jörg. 1989. Ob sie wohl kommt? – Zum Satzmodus von selbständigen Sätzen mit Endstellung des finiten Verbs. In Studien zur kontrastiven Linguistik und literarischen Übersetzung, Andrzej Kątny (ed.), 11–33. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Molnár, Anna. 2002. Die Grammatikalisierung deutscher Modalpartikeln. Fallstudien. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Müller, Sonja. 2014. Modalpartikeln. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2018. Distribution und Interpretation von Modalpartikel-Kombinationen. Berlin: Language Science Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nakagawa, Masayuki. 2005. Kango kara mieru sekai to seken: nihongo to chugokugo wa dokode zureruka (Sekai and Seken from a Viewpoint of Chinese Loan Words: Where Japanese and Chinese do not Meet). Tokyo: Iwanami.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nihongo-Kijutsubunpou-Kenkyukai (ed.). 2012. Gendai-Nihongobunpou 7 (Modern Descriptive Grammar of Japanese). Tokyo: Kurosio.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nitta, Yoshio. 1989. Gendai-Nihongobun no modaritii no taikei to kouzou (System and structure of modality in modern Japanese sentences.) In Nihongo no modaritii (Modality in Japanese), Yoshio Nitta & Takashi Masuoka (eds) 1–56. Tokyo: Kuroshio.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ogi, Naomi. 2017. Involvement and Attitude in Japanese Discourse: Interactive Markers. [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 272]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Okamoto, Junji. 2017. Die Modalpartikel aber und ihre Funktion unter Berücksichtigung von Satztypen und Intonation. In Grammatische Funktionen aus Sicht der japanischen und deutschen Germanistik [Linguistische Berichte, Sonderheft 24], Shin Tanaka, Elisabeth Leiss, Werner Abraham & Yasuhiro Fujinawa (eds), 251–270. Hamburg: Buske.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2020a. Sind thetische Aussagen inkompatibel mit deutschen Modal- und japanischen Satzendpartikeln? In Zur Architektur von Thetik und Kategorik: Deutsch, Japanisch, Chinesisch und Norwegisch, Werner Abraham, Yasuhiro Fujinawa, Shin Tanaka & Elisabeth Leiss (eds), 267–320. Tübingen: Stauffenburg.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2020b. Warum sind japanische Satzendpartikeln mit thetischen Aussagen verträglich? In Form, Struktur und Bedeutung: Festschrift für Akio Ogawa. [Stauffenburg Festschriften] Hiroyuki Miyashita, Yasuhiro Fujinawa & Shin Tanaka (eds.) 317–339. Tübingen: Stauffenburg.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Okamoto, Shigeko & Smith, Janet. 2004. Japanese Language, Gender, and Ideology. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Onoe, Keisuke. 2001. Bunpou to imi 1 (Grammar and Meaning 1). Tokyo: Kuroshio.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Oshima, David Y. 2013. Nihongo ni okeru intonēshongata to shuuzyosi kinoo no sookan ni tsuite (On the correlation between the intonation types and the functions of discourse particles in Japanese). Forum of International Development Studies 43: 47–63.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2014. On the functional differences between the discourse particles. Ne and Yone in Japanese. PACLIC 28: 442–451.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Otake, Yoshio. 2002. Semantics and functions of the It is that-construction and the Japanese No da-construction. In Proceedings of the 2nd HUMIT Student Conference in Language Research (HUMIT 2001) [MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 43], Tania Ionin, Heejeong Ko & Andrew Nevins (eds), 139–153. Cambridge MA: MIT.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rinas, Karsten. 2007. Abtönungspartikel-Kombinationen und Skopus. Sprachwissenschaft 32(4): 407–452.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ross, John Robert. 1970. On declarative sentences. In Readings in English Transformational Grammar, Roderick A. Jacobs & Peter S. Rosenbaum (eds), 222–272. Waltham MA: Ginn and Company.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sadanobu, Toshiyuki. 2006. Shinnaijouhou no kizoku to kannri: gendainihonnkyotsugo ‘te iru’ no ebidensharu na seishitsu ni tsuite (Attribution and management of mental information: On the evidential characteristics of ‘-te iru’ in modern common Japanese). In Gengo ni arawareru ‘seken’ to ‘sekai’.(‘Seken’ and ‘Sekai’ Appearing in Languages) Nakagawa, Masayuki & Sadanobu Toshiyuki (eds), 167–192. Tokyo: Kuroshio.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sadanobu, Toshiyuki & Malchukov, Andrej. 2006. Ebidensharitii to gendainihongo no ‘teiru’ koubun (Evidentiality and ‘teiru’-construction in modern Japanese). In Gengo ni arawareru ‘seken’ to ‘sekai’ (‘Seken’ and ‘Sekai’ Appearing in Languages) Nakagawa, Masayuki & Sadanobu Toshiyuki (eds), 155–166. Tokyo: Kuroshio.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sasse, Hans-Jürgen. 1987. The thetic/categorical distinction revisited. Linguistics 25(3): 511–580. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schmerling, Susan F. 1976. Aspects of English Sentence Stress. Austin TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Shizawa, Takashi. 2015. The rhetorical effect of locative inversion constructions from the perspective of the Three-Tier Model of Language Use. English Linguistics 32: 156–176. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Thurmair, Maria 1989, Modalpartikeln und ihre Kombinationen. Tübingen: Niemeyer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 1989. On the rise of epistemic meanings in English: An example of subjectification in semantic change. Language 65: 31–55. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Venditti, Jennifer J. 2005. The J_ToBI model of Japanese intonation. In Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing, Sun-Ah Jun (ed.), 172–200. Oxford: OUP. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Washi, Rumi. 1997. Shujoshi to hatsuwa-ruikei: Tokyogo shuujoshi ‘wa’ to ‘na’ no danwa ni okeru hataraki (Sentence-final particles and utterance-types: Discourse functions of sentence-final particles ‘wa’ and ‘na’ in Tokyoter dialect). Nihongo Nihonbunka Kenkyuu (Studies in Japanese Language and Culture) 7: 65–79.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zimmermann, Malte 2013, Ob-VL-lnterrogativsatz. In Satztypen des Deutschen, Jörg Meibauer, Markus Steinbach & Hans Altmann (eds), 84–104. Berlin: De Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue