In:Morphological Metatheory
Edited by Daniel Siddiqi and Heidi Harley
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 229] 2016
► pp. 387–430
We do not need structuralist morphemes, but we do need constituent structure
Published online: 29 June 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.229.13ber
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.229.13ber
In the prethematic high~mid alternation of Spanish third-conjugation verbs, allomorph selection by phonological subcategorization in the morphology interacts with allomorph selection by phonotactic optimization in the phonology, pace Paster (2015). The cyclic locality conditions on this alternation support frameworks with stem storage (Bermúdez-Otero 2013a) or spanning (Svenonius and Haugen & Siddiqi in this volume), and challenge single-terminal insertion. Embick’s (2012) alternative analysis weakens inward cyclic locality excessively. Myler’s (2015) counterproposal overgenerates and undermines the explanation of the parallel cyclic transmission of allomorphy and allosemy. Allomorphy-allosemy mismatches do occur: e.g. when English trànsp[ə]rtátion preserves the argument structure of trànspórt but not its bipedality. However, such mismatches are not generated computationally; they arise diachronically through the interplay of computation and storage (Bermúdez-Otero 2012). Theories asserting that words lack constituent structure cannot explain this fact, pace Blevins, Ackerman & Malouf (this volume).
References (83)
Ackema, Peter & Neeleman, Ad. 2004. Beyond Morphology: Interface Conditions on Word Formation. Oxford: OUP.
Arad, Maya. 2003. Locality constraints on the interpretation of roots: The case of Hebrew denominal verbs. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 21(4): 737–78.
Aronoff, Mark. 1994. Morphology by Itself: Stems and Inflectional Classes [Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 22]. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Arregi, Karlos & Nevins, Andrew. 2012. Morphotactics: Basque Auxiliaries and the Structure of Spellout [Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 86]. Dordrecht: Springer.
Baayen, Harald, Dijkstra, Ton & Schreuder, Robert. 1997. Singulars and plurals in Dutch: Evidence for a parallel dual-route model. Journal of Memory and Language 37(1): 94–117.
Beard, Robert. 1991. Decompositional composition: The semantics of scope ambiguities in “bracketing paradoxes”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 9: 195–229.
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo. 2006. Morphological structure and phonological domains in Spanish denominal derivation. In Optimality-Theoretic Studies in Spanish Phonology [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 99], Fernando Martínez-Gil & Sonia Colina (eds), 278–311. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2010. Stratal Optimality Theory: An overview. <[URL]> (1 September 2015).
. 2012. The architecture of grammar and the division of labour in exponence. In The Morphology and Phonology of Exponence [Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 41], Jochen Trommer (ed.), 8–83. Oxford: OUP.
. 2013a. The Spanish lexicon stores stems with theme vowels, not roots with inflectional class features. Probus 25(1): 3–103.
. 2013b. The stem-level syndrome. Paper presented at the Speaker Series of the University of Pennsylvania Linguistics Department, Philadelphia, 11 April 2013. <[URL]>.
. 2015. Amphichronic explanation and the life cycle of phonological processes. In The Oxford Handbook of Historical Phonology, Patrick Honeybone & Joseph C. Salmons (eds), 374–99. Oxford: OUP.
. Forthcoming. In defence of underlying representations: French adjectival liaison and Romanian morphological palatalization. Probus.
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo & Luís, Ana R. Forthcoming. A view of the morphome debate. In The Morphome Debate, Ana R. Luís & Ricardo Bermúdez-Otero (eds). Oxford: OUP.
Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo & Trousdale, Graeme. 2012. Cycles and continua: On unidirectionality and gradualness in language change. In The Oxford Handbook of the History of English, Terttu Nevalainen & Elizabeth Closs Traugott (eds), 691–720. Oxford: OUP.
Bobaljik, Jonathan David. 2012. Universals in Comparative Morphology: Suppletion, Superlatives, and the Structure of Words. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Bobaljik, Jonathan David & Wurmbrand, Susi. 2013. Suspension across domains. In Distributed Morphology Today: Morphemes for Morris Halle, Ora Matushansky & Alec Marantz (eds), 185–98. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Boyé, Gilles & Cabredo Hofherr, Patricia. 2004. Étude de la distribution des suffixes -er/-ir dans les infinitifs de l’espagnol à partir d’un corpus exhaustif. Corpus 3: 237–60. <[URL]s>.
Bye, Patrik. 2015. The nature of allomorphy and exceptionality: Evidence from Burukashi plurals. In Understanding Allomorphy: Perspectives from Optimality Theory [Advances in Optimality Theory], Eulàlia Bonet, Maria-Rosa Lloret & Joan Mascaró (eds), 107–76. Sheffield: Equinox.
Bye, Patrik & Svenonius, Peter. 2012. Non-concatenative morphology as epiphenomenon. In The Morphology and Phonology of Exponence [Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 41], Jochen Trommer (ed.), 427–95. Oxford: OUP.
Cabré, Teresa & Ohannesian, Maria. 2007. The role of morpheme boundaries in Spanish glide formation. Cuadernos de Lingüística 14: 1–14.
Cabré, Teresa & Prieto, Pilar. 2006. Exceptional hiatuses in Spanish. In Optimality-Theoretic Studies in Spanish Phonology [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 99], Fernando Martínez-Gil & Sonia Colina (eds), 205–38. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Caha, Pavel. 2009. The Nanosyntax of Case. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tromsø.
Chomsky, Noam. 2001. Derivation by phase. In Ken Hale: A Life in Language, Michael Kenstowicz (ed.), 1–52. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
COCA. 2017. The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): 400+ million words, 1990-present. Created by Mark Davies, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (2008-). <[URL]>.
Collie, Sarah. 2008. English stress preservation: The case for “fake cyclicity”. English Language and Linguistics 12(3): 505–32.
Dabouis, Quentin. 2015. When stress preservation leads to clash. Ms, Laboratoire Ligérien de Linguistique, Université de Tours.
Embick, David. 2010. Localism versus Globalism in Morphology and Phonology [Linguistic Inquiry Monographs 60]. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
. 2012. Contextual conditions on stem alternations: illustrations from the Spanish conjugation. In Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2010. Selected Papers from ‘Going Romance’, Leiden, 2010. [Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 4], Irene Franco, Sara Lusini & Andrés Saab (eds), 21–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2014. Phase cycles, φ-cycles, and phonological (in)activity. In The Form of Structure, the Structure of Forms: Essays in Honor of Jean Lowenstamm [Language Faculty and Beyond 12], Sabrina Bendjaballah, Noam Faust, Mohamed Lahrouchi & Nicola Lampitelli (eds), 271–86. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. Forthcoming. On the targets of phonological realization. In The Morphosyntax-Phonology Connection: Locality and Directionality, Vera Gribanova & Stephanie S. Shih (eds). Oxford: OUP.
Embick, David & Halle, Morris. 2005. On the status of stems in morphological theory. In Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2003. Selected Papers from ‘Going Romance’ 2003, Nijmegen, 20–22 November [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 270], Twan Geerts, Ivo van Ginneken & Haike Jacobs (eds), 37–62. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Fanselow, Gisbert & Féry, Caroline. 2002. Ineffability in grammar. In Resolving Conflicts in Grammars: Optimality Theory in Syntax, Morphology, and Phonology [Linguistische Berichte Sonderheft 11], Gisbert Fanselow & Caroline Féry (eds), 263–3075. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
Halle, Morris & Marantz, Alec. 1993. Distributed Morphology and the pieces of inflection. In The View from Building 20: Essays in Linguistics in Honor of Sylvain Bromberger, Kenneth Hale & Samuel Jay Keyser (eds), 111–76. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
. 1994. Some key features of Distributed Morphology. In Papers on Phonology and Morphology [MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 21], Andrew Carnie & Heidi Harley (eds), 275–88. Cambridge MA: MITWPL.
. 1995. Projection and edge marking in the computation of stress in Spanish. In The Handbook of Phonological Theory, John A. Goldsmith (ed.), 867–87. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hay, Jennifer. 2001. Lexical frequency in morphology: Is everything relative? Linguistics 39(6): 1041–70.
Hayes, Bruce. 2000. Gradient well-formedness in Optimality Theory. In Optimality Theory: Phonology, Syntax, and Acquisition, Joost Dekkers, Frank van der Leeuw & Jeroen van de Weijer (eds), 88–120. Oxford: OUP.
Hockett, Charles F. 1987. Refurbishing our Found ations: Elementary Linguistics from an Advanced Point of View [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 56]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hualde, José Ignacio. 1997. Spanish /i/ and related sounds: An exercise in phonemic analysis. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 27(2): 61–79.
. 1999. Patterns in the lexicon: Hiatus with unstressed high vowels in Spanish. In Advances in Hispanic Linguistics: Papers from the 2nd Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, Vol. 1, Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach & Fernando Martínez-Gil (eds), 182–97. Somerville MA: Cascadilla Press.
Hualde, José Ignacio & Prieto, Mónica. 2002. On the diphthong/hiatus contrast in Spanish: Some experimental results. Linguistics 40(2): 217–34.
Jackendoff, Ray. 1975. Morphological and semantic regularities in the lexicon. Language 51(3): 639–71.
Kiparsky, Paul. 1994. Allomorphy or morphophonology? In Trubetzkoy’s Orphan. Proceedings of the Montréal Roundtable “Morphonology: Contemporary Responses” (Montréal, September 30 – October 2, 1994) [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 144], Rajendra Singh & Richard Desrochers (eds), 13–31. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2005a. Blocking and periphrasis in inflectional paradigms. In Yearbook of Morphology 2004, Geert Booij & Jaap van Marle (eds), 113–35. Dordrecht: Springer.
. 2005b. Paradigm uniformity constraints. Ms, Stanford University. <[URL]>.
. Forthcoming. The morphology of the Basque auxiliary: Thoughts on Arregi & Nevins 2012. In The Morphosyntax-Phonology Connection: Locality and Directionality, Vera Gribanova & Stephanie S. Shih (eds). Oxford: OUP.
Kraska-Szlenk, Iwona. 2007. Analogy: The Relation between Lexicon and Grammar [Lincom Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 38]. Munich: Lincom.
Larson, Richard K. 1998. Events and modification in nominals. In Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT) VIII, Devon Strolovitch & Aaron Lawson (eds), 145–68. Ithaca IL: Cornell Linguistics Circle Publications.
Linares, Rafael Enrique, Rodriguez-Fornells, Antoni & Clahsen, Harald. 2006. Stem allomorphy in the Spanish mental lexicon: evidence from behavioral and ERP experiments. Brain and Language 97(1): 110–20.
Marantz, Alec. 2007. Phases and words. In Phases in the Theory of Grammar, Sook-Hee Choe (ed.), 191–222. Seoul: Dong In.
. 2013. Locality domains for contextual allomorphy across the interfaces. In Distributed Morphology Today: Morphemes for Morris Halle, Ora Matushansky & Alec Marantz (eds), 95–115. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Marvin, Tatjana. 2002. Topics in the Stress and Syntax of Words. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.
Merchant, Jason. 2015. How much context is enough? Two cases of span-conditioned stem allomorphy. Linguistic Inquiry 46(2): 273–303.
Myler, Neil. 2015. Stem storage? Not proven: A reply to Bermúdez-Otero 2013. Linguistic Inquiry 46(1): 173–86.
Navarro Tomás, Tomás. 1918. Manual de pronunciación española [Publicaciones de la Revista de Filología Española]. Madrid: Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Estudios Históricos.
Orgun, Cemil Orhan & Inkelas, Sharon. 2002. Reconsidering bracket erasure. In Yearbook of Morphology 2001, Geert Booij & Jaap van Marle (eds), 115–46. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Paster, Mary. 2015. Phonologically conditioned suppletive allomorphy: Cross-linguistic results and theoretical consequences. In Understanding Allomorphy: Perspectives from Optimality Theory [Advances in Optimality Theory], Eulàlia Bonet, Maria-Rosa Lloret & Joan Mascaró (eds), 218–53. Sheffield: Equinox.
Pater, Joe. 2009. Morpheme-specific phonology: Constraint indexation and inconsistency resolution. In Phonological Argumentation: Essays on Evidence and Motivation [Advances in Optimality Theory], Steve Parker (ed.), 123–54. London: Equinox.
Pullum, Geoffrey K. & Zwicky, Arnold M. 1991. A misconceived approach to morphology. In WCCFL 10: The Proceedings of the Tenth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, Dawn Bates (ed.), 387–98. Stanford CA: CSLI.
Radkevich, Nina. 2010. On Location: the Structure of Case and Adpositions. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Connecticut.
Roca, Iggy. 2010. Theme vowel allomorphy in Spanish verb inflection: An autosegmental optimality account. Lingua 120(2): 408–34.
Siddiqi, Daniel. 2009. Syntax within the Word: Economy, Allomorphy, and Argument Selection in Distributed Morphology [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 138]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sproat, Richard. 1985. On Deriving the Lexicon. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT. <[URL]>.
Staroverov, Petr. 2014. Splitting Theory and Consonant Epenthesis. Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers University.
Steriade, Donca. 2009. The phonology of perceptibility effects: The P-map and its consequences for constraint organization. In The Nature of the Word: Studies in Honor of Paul Kiparsky, Kristin Hanson & Sharon Inkelas (eds), 151–79. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Stewart, Thomas & Stump, Gregory T. 2007. Paradigm function morphology and the morphology- syntax interface. In The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Interfaces, Gillian Ramchand & Charles Reiss (eds), 383–421. Oxford: OUP.
Svenonius, Peter. 2012. Spanning. Ms, University of Tromsø. <[URL]>
Trommer, Jochen. 2001. Distributed Optimality. Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Potsdam. <[URL]>.
Wescoat, Michael T. 2002. On Lexical Sharing. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University.
Cited by (9)
Cited by nine other publications
Florian Breit, Bert Botma, Marijn van 't Veer & Marc van Oostendorp
Kalin, Laura & Nicholas Rolle
Dolatian, Hossep
Dolatian, Hossep
Rolle, Nicholas
Downing, Laura J. & Maxwell Kadenge
Revithiadou, Anthi, Giorgos Markopoulos & Vassilios Spyropoulos
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 22 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
