In:Studies in Övdalian Morphology and Syntax: New research on a lesser-known Scandinavian language
Edited by Kristine Bentzen, Henrik Rosenkvist and Janne Bondi Johannessen †
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 221] 2015
► pp. 137–165
Get fulltext
The polyfunctionality of which in Övdalian
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 3.0 license.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
Published online: 22 January 2015
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.221.06van
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.221.06van
The Övdalian wh-word ukin has a variety of syntactic uses, spanning from the canonical use as personal pronoun (‘who’) to predicative property querying item (‘what … like’) and polarity item introducing both main and embedded clauses. In this paper the various uses will be described and discussed, and it will be argued that the polyfunctionality of ukin can be well understood on the background of wh-syncretisms in other North Germanic varieties which all point in the direction of principled grammaticalization patterns in this domain. The pattern found will be accounted for by a nanosyntactic approach to lexicalization ranges.
References (35)
Abels, Klaus & Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander. 2010. Introduction: Exclamatives in North Germanic and beyond. Studia Linguistica 64(1): 1–15.
Baerman, Matthew, Brown, Dunstan & Corbett, Greville G. 2005. The Syntax-morphology Interface: A Study of Syncretism. Cambridge: CUP.
Dahl, Östen & Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria. 2006. The resilient dative and other remarkable cases in Scandinavian vernaculars. Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung (STUF) 59(1): 56–75.
Enger, Hans Olav. 1995. Om du skal kjøra te byen i mårå? In Papers from the XVth Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics, Inger Moen, Hanne Gram Simonsen & Helge Lodrup (eds), 129–135. Oslo: University of Oslo.
Garbacz, Piotr & Johannessen, Janne Bondi. This volume>. Övdalian from 1909 to 2009.
an Gelderen, Elly. 2009. Renewal in the left periphery: Economy and the complementiser layer. Transactions of the Philological Society 107(2): 131–195.
Johannessen, Janne Bondi, Joel Priestley, Kristin Hagen, Tor Anders Åfarli & Øystein Alexander Vangsnes. 2009. The Nordic Dialect Corpus - an Advanced Research Tool. In Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics NODALIDA 2009. NEALT Proceedings Series Volume 4, Kristiina Jokinen & Eckhard Bick (eds), 73–80.
Jónsson, Jóhannes G. 2010. Icelandic exclamatives and the structure of the CP layer. Studia Linguistica 64(1): 37–54.
Larsen, Amund B. 1907. Kristiania bymål: Vulgærsproget med henblik på den utvungne dagligtale. Kristiania: Cammermeyer.
Levander, Lars. 1909. Älvdalsmålet i Dalarna. Ordböjning ock syntax. Stockholm: Kungl. Boktryckeriet P. A. Norstedt & Söner.
Leu, Thomas. 2008b. The Internal Syntax of Determiners. PhD dissertation, New York University.
Lundquist, Björn. 2009. Nominalizations and Participles in Swedish. PhD dissertation, CASTL, University of Tromsø.
Östman, Jan-Ola I. 1986. Pragmatics as Implicitness: an Analysis of Question Particles in Solf Swedish with Implications for the Study of Passive Clauses and the Language of Persuasion. Ann Arbor MI: UMI Microfilms.
Rietz, Johan Ernst. 1962. Svenskt dialektlexikon: Ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket. Lund: C.W.K.Gleerups. [URL]
Rognes, Stig. 2011. V2, V3, V4 (and maybe even more). The Syntax of Questions in the Rogaland Dialects of Norwegian. MA dissertation, University of Oslo.
. 2011. Towards an elegant solution to language variation: Variation reduces to the size of lexically stored trees. Manuscript, University of Tromsø. [URL]
Svenonius, Peter. This volume. The morphological expression of case in Övdalian.
Teleman, Ulf, Hellberg, Staffan & Andersson, Erik. 1999. Svenska akademiens grammatik. Stockholm: Svenska akademien.
. 1999. The Identification of Functional Architecture. PhD dissertation, University of Bergen.
. 2001. On noun phrase architecture, referentiality, and article systems. Studia Linguistica 55: 249–299
. 2008b. Omkring adnominalt åssen/hvordan i Oslo-målet. In Språk i Oslo. Ny forskning omkring talespråk, Janne Bondi Johannessen & Kristin Hagen (eds), 50-61. Oslo: Novus.
Vangsnes Øystein Alexander. 2008c.
What kind of Scandinavian? On interrogative noun phrases across North Germanic. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 31(2): 227–251.
Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander. 2013. Syncretism and functional expansion in Germanic wh-expressions. Language Sciences 3: 47–65.
Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander & Johannessen, Janne Bondi. 2011. Reconciling corpus and questionnaire data in microcomparative syntax: A case study from Scandinavian. In Language Variation – European Perspectives III [Studies in Language Variation 7], Frans Gregersen, Jeffrey K. Parrott & Pia Quist (eds), 135-148. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Johannessen, Janne Bondi, Øystein Alexander Vangsnes, Joel Priestley & Kristin Hagen
2014. A multilingual speech corpus of North-Germanic languages. In Spoken Corpora and Linguistic Studies [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 61], ► pp. 69 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 22 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
