In:Advances in the Syntax of DPs: Structure, agreement, and case
Edited by Anna Bondaruk, Gréte Dalmi and Alexander Grosu
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 217] 2014
► pp. 295–317
Transparent free relatives
two challenges for the grafting approach
Published online: 14 October 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.217.12gro
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.217.12gro
This chapter argues for the view that Standard Free Relatives and Transparent Free Relatives have exactly the same bi-dimensional configurational structures, and against the view that they have distinct multi-dimensional structures, the transparent variety being externally headed by a token of a CP-internal post-copular phrase. It is argued that the proposed view yields superior analyses of the following facts: [i] Transparent Free Relatives are typically construed as existentially quantified, regardless of the quantificational force of the pivot, and [ii] certain case mismatch effects, predicted by the competing approach, fail to materialize in most idiolects, and are only weakly manifested in a small number of idiolects, in which they affect both Standard and Transparent Free Relatives, contrary to predictions.
References (28)
Bausewein (Pittner), Karin. 1990. Akkusativobjekt, Akkusativobjektsätze und Objektprädikate im Deutschen. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Syntax und Semantik. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Bresnan, Joan & Grimshaw, Jane. 1978. The syntax of free relatives in English. Linguistic Inquiry 9: 331–391.
Gallmann, Peter. 1990, Kategoriell Komplexe Wortformen: Das Zusammenwirken von Morphologie und Syntax bei der Flexion von Nomen und Adjektiv. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Grosu, Alexander. 2003. A unified theory of ‘standard’ and ‘transparent’ free relatives. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 21: 247–331.
. 2007. ‘Direct’ versus ‘indirect’ approaches to transparent free relatives. In Pitar Moş: A Building with a View. Papers in Honour of Alexandra Cornilescu, Gabriela Alboiu, Andrei A. Avram, Larisa Avram & Daniela Isac (eds), 107–124. Bucharest: University of Bucharest Press.
. 2010. On the pre-theoretical notion phrasal head: Ignoring the left periphery is always at your own risk. In Edges, Heads and Projections. Interface Properties [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 156], Anna-Maria Di Sciullo & Virginia Hill (eds),151–190. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Grosu, Alexander & Landman, Fred. 1998. Strange relatives of the third kind. Natural Language Semantics 6: 125–170.
. 2012. A quantificational disclosure approach to Japanese and Korean internally headed relatives. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 21: 159–196.
Grosu, Alexander & Hoshi, Koji. 2013. Japanese IHRCs: Towards an improved understanding of their syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties. Ms.
Hinterwimmer, Stefan. 2013. Free relatives as kind-denoting terms. In Genericity, Claire Beyssade, Fabio Del Prete & Alda Mari (eds), 140–156. Oxford: OUP.
Hoshi, Koji. 1995. Structural and Interpretive Aspects of Head-internal and Head-external Relative Clauses. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester.
Jacobson, Pauline. 1995. On the quantificational force of English free relatives. In Quantification in Natural Languages,Vol.2, Emmon Bach, Elinor Jelinek, Angelika Kratzer & Barbara Partee (eds), 451– 486. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Keenan, Edward, 1987. A semantic definition of indefinite NP
. In The Representation of (In)definiteness, Eric Reuland & Alice ter Meulen (eds), 286–317. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Kim, Jong-Bok 2011. English transparent free relatives: Interactions between the lexicon and constructions. English Language and Linguistics 172: 153–181.
Landman, Fred. 2013. Japanese internally headed relatives. Phantom gaps, Kuroda functions, and how to stay away from scope. Ms, Tel Aviv University
Lewis, David. 1968. Counterpart theory and quantified modal logic. Journal of Philosophy 65: 113–126.
Nakau, Minoru. 1971. The grammar of the pseudo-free relative pronoun what
. English Linguistics 6: 2–47.
van Riemsdijk, Henk. 1998. Trees and scions, science and trees. Chomsky 70th Birthday Celebration Fest Webpage. [URL]
. 2000. Free relatives inside out: Transparent free relatives as grafts. In
PASE papers in language studies. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the Polish Association for the Study of English
, Bożena Rozwadowska (ed.), 223–233. Wrocław: University of Wrocław Press.
. 2001. A far from simple matter: Syntactic reflexes of syntax-pragmatics misalignments. In Semantics, Pragmatics and Discourse. Perspectives and Connections. A Festschrift for Ferenc Kiefer [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 90], István Kenesei & Robert M. Harnish (eds), 21–41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2006a. Grafts follow from Merge
. In Phases of Interpretation, Mara Frascarelli (ed.), 17–44. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
. 2006b. Free relatives. In The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Martin Everaert, Henk van Riemsdijk, Rob Goedemans & Bart Hollebrandse (eds), 338–382. Oxford: Blackwell.
. 2012. Discerning default datives: Some properties of the dative case in German. In Discourse and Grammar, Günther Grewendorf & Ede T. Zimmermann (eds), 247–287. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Cited by (6)
Cited by six other publications
Agulló, Jorge
Keizer, Evelien & Lotte Sommerer
2022. Major trends in research on the English NP. In English Noun Phrases from a Functional-Cognitive Perspective [Studies in Language Companion Series, 221], ► pp. 1 ff.
MATSUYAMA, TETSUYA
Grosu, Alexander & Fred Landman
van Riemsdijk, Henk C.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 22 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
