In:Adjectives in Germanic and Romance
Edited by Petra Sleeman, Freek Van de Velde and Harry Perridon
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 212] 2014
► pp. 171–198
From participle to adjective in Germanic and Romance
Published online: 18 February 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.212.07sle
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.212.07sle
Being mixed categories, participles can be fully verbal, fully adjectival, but they can also have a mixed interpretation, viz. as resultatives, which are considered to be a second adjectival type, one that is the result of an event. Parallel to the two types of adjectival participles and the eventive one, a second type of eventive participle has been distinguished, one with an ‘eventive property’ reading. These four interpretations have been distinguished on the basis of Germanic languages, partly determined by the prenominal or postnominal position of the participle within the noun phrase. In this paper it is argued, based on the combination of the adverbs of degree très “very” and beaucoup “much” with passive/past participles in French, that participles can also have the four interpretations in Romance.
References (42)
Abeillé, Anne & Godard, Danièle. 2003. The syntactic flexibility of French degree adverbs. Proceedings of HPSG3 Conference, East Lansing, 26–46. Stanford CA: CSLI.
Ackema, Peter & Neeleman, Ad. 2004. Beyond Morphology: Interface Conditions on Word Formation. Oxford: OUP.
Alexiadou, Artemis, 2001. Functional Structure in Nominals: Nominalization and Ergativity [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 42]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Alexiadou, Artemis, Iord?chioaia, Gianina & Schäfer, Florian. 2011. Scaling the variation in Romance and Germanic nominalizations. In The Noun Phrase in Romance and Germanic: Structure, Variation and Change [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 171], Petra Sleeman & Harry Perridon (eds), 25–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Anagnostopoulou, Elena. 2003. Participles and voice. In Perfect Explorations, Artemis Alexiadou, Monika Rathert & Arnim von Stechow (eds), 1–36. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
Borsley, Robert D. & Kornfilt, Jaklin. 2000. Mixed extended projections. In The Nature and Function of Syntactic Categories, Robert D. Borsley (ed.), 101–131. New York NY: Academic Press.
Bresnan, Joan. 1982. The passive in lexical theory. In The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations, Joan Bresnan (ed.), 3–86. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Chomsky, Noam. 1970. Remarks on nominalization. In Readings in English Transformational Grammar, Roderick Jacobs & Peter Rosenbaum (eds), 184–221. Waltham MA: Blaisdell.
Cinque, Guglielmo. 1994. Evidence for partial N-movement in the Romance DP. In Paths Towards Universal Grammar : Studies in Honor of Richard S. Kayne, Guglielmo Cinque, Jan Koster, Jean-Yves Pollock, Luigi Rizzi & Raffaella Zanuttini (eds), 85–110. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
Delsing, Lars-Olof. 1993. On attributive adjectives in Scandinavian and other languages. Studia Linguistica 47(2): 105–125.
Doetjes, Jenny. 1997. Quantifiers and Selection: On the Distribution of Quantifying Expressions in French. PhD dissertation, Leiden University.
. 2008. Adjectives and degree modification. In Adjectives and Adverbs: Syntax, Semantics, Discourse, Louise McNally & Christopher Kennedy (eds), 123–155. Oxford; OUP.
Embick, David. 2004. On the structure of resultative participles in English. Linguistic Inquiry 35(3): 355–392.
Gaatone, David. 1981. Observations sur l’oppostion très – beaucoup
. Revue de Linguistique Romane 45: 74–95.
. 2007. Les marqueurs d’intensité et les locutions verbales: Quelques réflexions. Travaux de Linguistique 55: 93–105.
. 2008. Un ensemble hétéroclite: Les adverbes de degré en français. In Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Française 08, Jacques Durand, Bruno Habert & Bernard Laks (eds), 2495–2504. Paris: Institut de Linguistique Française.
Halle, Morris & Marantz, Alec. 1993. Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. In The View from Building 20. Essays in Linguistics in Honor of Sylvain Bromberger, Ken Hale & Samuel J. Keyser (eds), 111–176. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Kennedy, Chris & McNally, Louise. 1999. From Event structure to Scale structure: degree modification in deverbal adjectives. In SALTIX, Tanya Matthews & Devon Strolovitch (eds), 163–180, Ithaca NY: Cornell University.
Kratzer, Angelika. 1994. The event argument and the semantics of voice. Ms, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
Levin, Beth & Rappaport, Malka. 1992. The formation of adjectival passives. Linguistic Inquiry 17: 623–661.
Parsons, Terence. 1990. Events in the Semantics of English: A Study in Subatomic Semantics. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Plann, Susan. 1981. The two el + infinitive constructions in Spanish. Linguistic Analysis 7: 203–240.
Quirk, Randolph, Greenbaum, Sidney, Leech, Geoffrey & Svartvik, Jan. 1991. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.
Sadler, Luisa & Arnold, Douglas. 1994. Prenominal adjectives and the phrasal/lexical distinction. Linguistics 30: 187–226.
Sleeman, Petra. 2001. Deverbale procédés in het Nederlands en het Frans. In Contrastief Onderzoek Nederlands-Frans, Ludo Beheydt, Pierre Godin, An Neven, Beatrice Lamiroy, William Van Belle, Joop van der Horst & Willy van Langendonck (eds), 195–209. Louvain-la-Neuve: Peeters.
. 2010. The nominalized infinitive in French: Structure and change. Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto 5: 145–173.
Cited by (7)
Cited by seven other publications
Doroga, Jason & Fernando Tejedo-Herrero
Van Wettere, Niek
2021. The copular subschema[become/devenir+ past participle]in English and French. Languages in Contrast 21:1 ► pp. 112 ff.
Wegner, Dennis
Wegner, Dennis
Veland, Reidar
Martín Arista, Javier & Ana Elvira Ojanguren López
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 20 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
