Cover not available

Article published In: Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
Vol. 31:2 (2016) ► pp.419–435

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
authorization required

You got Gungbe, but we got the numbers

Feature pools show that creoles are still typologically distinct

 | Aarhus University, Denmark
Published online: 21 October 2016
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.31.2.08bak
References (39)
Aboh, Enoch O. 2015a. The left periphery in the Surinamese creoles and Gbe: on the modularity of substrate transfer. In P. Muysken N. Smith & Robert Borges (eds.), Surviving the Middle Passage. The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, 323–367. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2015b. The emergence of hybrid grammars. Language contact and change (Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact). Cambridge: University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aboh, Enoch O. and Umberto Ansaldo. 2007. The role of typology in language creation: A descriptive take. In Umberto Ansaldo, Stephen M. Matthews, & Lisa Lim (eds.), Deconstructing Creole, 39–66. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aboh, Enoch O. and Norval Smith. 2015. Non-iconic reduplications in Eastern Gbe and Surinam. In P. Muysken N. Smith & Robert Borges (eds.), Surviving the Middle Passage. The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, 241–260. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Baker, Philip. 2002. No Creolisation without prior pidginisation. Te Reo 441. 31–50.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bakker, Peter. 1995. First African into New Netherland, 1613-1614. Halve Maen 68(3): 50–52.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1997. “A Language of our Own”. The Genesis of Michif - the Mixed Cree-French language of the Canadian Métis. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2008. Pidgins versus Creoles and Pidgincreoles. In Silvia Kouwenberg & John Singler (eds.) Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies, 130–157. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2014. Creolistics: back to square one? Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 29(1): 177–194. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. Submitted. Review of Enoch Oladé Aboh. 2015. The emergence of hybrid grammars. Language contact and change. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bakker, Peter, Daval-Markussen Aymeric, Parkvall Mikael, and Plag Ingo. 2011. Creoles are typologically distinct from non-creoles. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 261: 5–42. [reprinted in: Bhatt, Parth & Tonjes Veenstra (eds.), Creole Languages and Linguistic Typology, 2013, 9–45] Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bakker, Peter, Finn Borchenius, Carsten Levisen, and Eeva Sippola (Eds.). 2016, in press. Creole languages: phylogenetic approaches. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Barrère, Pierre. 1743. Nouvelle Relation de la France Equinoxiale. Paris: Piget, etc.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bartens, Angela and Philip Baker. 2012. Black through white. African words and calques which survived slavery in Creoles and transplanted European languages. London/Colombo: Battlebridge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bøegh, Kristoffer Friis. 2016. African structural continuity in Atlantic creoles: Phylogenetic network analysis applied to structural-typological data. Ms. Aarhus University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bøegh, Kristoffer Friis, Aymeric Daval-Markussen & Peter Bakker. Phylogenetic analysis of stable structural features in languages of West Africa. To appear in Studies in African Linguistics.
Borges, Robert W. 2013. Ritual language formation and African retentions in Suriname: the case of Kumanti. In The Life of Language: Dynamics of language contact in Suriname, 45–78. Utrecht: LOT Publications.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fon-Sing, Guillaume and Jean Leoue. 2012. Creoles are not typologically distinct from non-creoles. Paper presented at the Ninth Creolistics Workshop , Aarhus University, 111-13 April 2012.
Goldshtein, Yonatan. In press. The simple emerging from the complex: a case study in the system of nominal number in Juba Arabic Creole. In Bakker, Peter, Finn Borchenius, Carsten Levisen, and Eeva Sippola (Eds.) Creole Studies: Phylogenetic Approaches. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Haspelmath, Martinthe APiCS Consortium and . 2013a. Definite articles. In Susanne Maria Michaelis, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin and Huber, Magnus (eds.) Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at [URL], Accessed on 2015-05–10.)Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
and . 2013b. Indefinite articles. In: Susanne Maria Michaelis, Maurer, Philippe, Haspelmath, Martin and Huber, Magnus (eds.) Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at [URL], Accessed on 2015-05-10.)Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd. 1997. Cognitive Foundations of Grammar. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd and Tania Kuteva. 2002. World Lexicon of Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Holm, John, and Peter L. Patrick (eds.). 2007. Comparative Creole Syntax. London: Battlebridge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kouwenberg, Silvia. 1994. A grammar of Berbice Dutch Creole. Berlin. New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mufwene; Salikoko S. (ed.). 1993. Africanisms in Afro-American Language Varieties. Athens: University of Georgia Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Oldendorp, Christian Georg Andreas. 1987. C.G.A. Oldendorp’s History of the Mission of the Evangelical Brethren on the Caribbean Islands of St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John, edited by Johann Jakob Bossard, English Edition and Translation: A Caribbean Mission by Arnold R. Highfield and Vladimir Barac. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers Inc.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2000. Historie der caribischen Inseln Sanct Thomas, Sanct Crux und Sanct Jan. Dresden: Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden. [original manuscript: 1776]Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Parkvall, Mikael. 2008. The simplicity of creoles in a cross-linguistic perspective. In Matti Miestamo, Kaius Sinnemäki, and Fred Karlsson (eds.), Language Complexity. Typology, Contact, Change, 265–285. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pelleprat, Pierre. 1655. Relation des missions de P.P. de la Compagnie de Jésus dans les isles et dans la terre ferme de l’Amérique méridionale, divisée en deux parties, avec une Introduction à la langue des Galibis sauvages de la terre ferme de l’Amérique. Paris: Cramoisy.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sabino, Robin. 2012. Language Contact in the Danish West Indies: Giving Jack His Jacket. Leiden: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schwegler, Armin. 2002. El vocabulario (ritual) bantú de Cuba. In Norma Díaz, Ralph Ludwig and Stefan Pfänder (eds.), La Romania americana. Procesos lingüísticos en situaciones de contacto, 97–194. Frankfurt: Vervuert Verlag / Madrid: Iberoamericana.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Smith, Norval. 2015a. A preliminary list of probable Kikongo (KiKoongo) lexical elements in the Surinam Creoles. In P. Muysken and N. Smith with Robert Borges (eds.), Surviving the Middle Passage. The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, 417–462. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2015b. A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical elements in the Surinam Creoles. In P. Muysken and N. Smith with Robert Borges (eds.), Surviving the Middle Passage. The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, 463–475. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2015c. The early history of Surinam: Why is Surinam different? In P. Muysken and N. Smith with Robert Borges (eds.), Surviving the Middle Passage. The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, 17–42. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Warner-Lewis, Maureen. 2009. Trinidad Yoruba: From Mother Tongue to Memory. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Williamson, Kay and Roger Blench. 2000. Niger-Congo. In Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse (eds.) African Languages – An Introduction, 11–42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (10)

Cited by ten other publications

Bisnath, Felicia, Hannah Lutzenberger, Marah Jaraisy, Rehana Omardeen & Adam Schembri
2025. Deconstructing notions of morphological ‘complexity’: Lessons from creoles and sign languages. Journal of Linguistics ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Aboh, Enoch O. & Michel DeGraff
2022. Perspectives on Creole Formation. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 257 ff. DOI logo
Daleszynska-Slater, Agata, Miriam Meyerhoff & James A. Walker
2019. Order in the creole speech community. Language Ecology 3:1 ► pp. 58 ff. DOI logo
Corum, Micah
2018. Cultivando a ambiguidade: considerações sobre questões de complexidade no discurso crioulo. Bakhtiniana: Revista de Estudos do Discurso 13:2 ► pp. 6 ff. DOI logo
Kouwenberg, Silvia & John Victor Singler
2018. Creolization in Context: Historical and Typological Perspectives. Annual Review of Linguistics 4:1 ► pp. 213 ff. DOI logo
Kouwenberg, Silvia & John Victor Singler
2020. Are creoles a special type of language?. In Advances in contact linguistics [Contact Language Library, 57], ► pp. 107 ff. DOI logo
Parkvall, Mikael, Peter Bakker & John H. McWhorter
2018. Creoles and sociolinguistic complexity: Response to Ansaldo. Language Sciences 66 ► pp. 226 ff. DOI logo
Bakker, Peter
2017. Key concepts in the history of creole studies. In Creole Studies – Phylogenetic Approaches, ► pp. 5 ff. DOI logo
Fon Sing, Guillaume
2017. Creoles are not typologically distinct from non-Creoles. Language Ecology 1:1 ► pp. 44 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2022. Contact, Emergence, and Language Classification. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 255 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue