Article published In: Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
Vol. 30:2 (2015) ► pp.265–306
Nominal architecture in Jamaican Creole
Published online: 2 October 2015
https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.30.2.03dur
https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.30.2.03dur
Our study shows that the extended projection of nominals in Jamaican Creole (JC) is composed of a rich array of hierarchically organized functional projections, in line with cartographic research (Cinque 2002, Rizzi 2004, Belletti 2004). The functional material identified strikes parallelisms with that previously reported for the clausal domain of JC, both in their distributive and interpretative properties and their tendency to overtly realize either their specifier or their head (Durrleman 2001, 2005, 2015). We argue that the identified nominal architecture, coupled with the last resort phenomenon of doubly filling both head and specifier positions (Chomsky & Lasnik 1977, Koopman 1993, Dimitrova-Vulchanova & Giusti 1998, Starke 2004), has implications for another construction in Creole, namely ‘bare sentences’ (Dechaine 1991). These sentences give rise to telicity effects depending on, amongst other things, properties of the internal argument, whose high functional structure must be made visible by respecting the doubly filled XP filter.
References (70)
Abney, Steven. 1987. The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect. PhD thesis, MIT.
Aboh, Enoch O. 2004. The Morpho-syntax of complement-head sequences: Clause structure and word order patterns in Kwa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bale, Alan, & Hrayr Khanjian. 2008. Classifiers and number marking. In
Proceedings of semantics and linguistic theory (SALT) 28.
Bailey, Beryl Loftman. 1966. Jamaican Creole syntax: A transformational approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Beghelli, Filippo. 1996. The phrase-structure of quantifier scope. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Beghelli, Filippo & Tim Stowell. 1997. Distributitvity and negation: The syntax of ‘each’ and ‘every’. In A. Szablocsi (ed.), Ways of taking scope, 71–107. Dordrecht:L Kluwer Publications.
Belletti, Adriana. 2004. Structures and beyond: The cartography of syntactic structures 3. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press.
Bernstein, Judy. 1997. ‘Demonstratives and reinforcers in Romance and Germanic Languages’. Lingua 1021. 87–113.
Bobyleva, Ekaterina. 2011. Variable plural marking in Jamaican Patwa and Tok Pisin. A linguistic perspective. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 56(1).
Brugè, Laura. 2002. The positions of demonstratives in the extended nominal projection. In G. Cinque (ed.), Functional structure in DP and IP: The cartography of syntactic structures, 1. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bruyn, Adrienne. 2007. Bare nouns and articles in Sranan. In Marlyse Baptista & Jacqueline Guéron (Eds.), Noun phrases in Creole languages: A multi-faceted approach (Creole Language Library 31). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Cassidy, Frederic. G. 1961. Jamaica Talk: Three hundred years of the English language in Jamaica. London: Macmillan and Company Limited.
Cassidy, Frederic G. & Robert B. Lepage. [1967] 2002. Dictionary of Jamaican English, 2nd edn. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press.
Cinque, Guglielmo. 1999. Adverbs and functional heads: A cross-linguistic perspective. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
. 2002. Functional structure in the IP and DP: The cartography of syntactic structures 1. New York: Oxford University Press.
. 2005. Deriving Greenberg’s universal 20 and its exceptions. Linguistic Inquiry 361. 315–332. [URL]
Cinque, Guglielmo & Luigi Rizzi. 2008. The cartography of syntactic structures. In V. Moscati (ed.), CISCL working papers on language and cognition 2. 43–59.
DeCamp, David. 1971. Towards a generative analysis of a post-creole speech continuum. In Dell Hymes (ed.), Pidginization and creolization of languages, 349–370. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Déchaine, Rose-Marie. 1991. Bare sentences. In Steven K. Moore & Adam Zachary Wyner (eds.), SALT (Semantics and Linguistic Theory) I1, 31–50. Ithaca, New York: CLC Publications.
Deprez, Viviane. 2007. Nominal constituents in French lexifier creoles: Probing the structuring role of grammaticalization. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Linguistics 22(2). 263–308.
Dimitrova-Vulchanova, Mila & Giuliana Giusti. 1998. Fragments of Balkan nominal structure. In Artemis Alexiadou & Chris Wilder (eds.), Studies on the Determiner Phrase, 333–360. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Durrleman, Stephanie. 2000. The architecture of the clause in Jamaican Creole. GG@G (Generative Grammar in Geneva) 11. 189–241. Univeristé de Genève.
. 2001. The articulation of inflection in Jamaican Creole. Rivista di grammatica generativa 261. 21–61.
. 2005. Notes on the Left Periphery in Jamaican Creole. GG@G (Generative Grammar in Geneva) 41. 113–157.
. 2008. The syntax of Jamaican Creole: A cartographic perspective (Linguistics Today 127). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gooden, Shelome. 2003. The phonology and phonetics of Jamaican Creole reduplication. PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University.
Gil, David. 1995. ‘Universal Quantifiers and Distributivity’. In Emonn Bach, Eloise Jelenek, Angelika Kratzer, & Barbara Partee (eds.), 95–123. London: Longman.
Greenberg, Joseph Harold. 1963. Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements. In Joseph Harold Greenberg (ed.), Universals of language: Report of a conference held at Dobbs Ferry, New York. 73–113. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press
Grimshaw, Jane. 1991. Extended projection. Brandeis University, ms.
Heim, Irene. 1982. The semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases. Amherst: University of Massachusetts dissertation.
Ihsane, Tabea. 2003. Demonstratives and reinforcers in Arabic, Romance and Germanic. In Jacqueline Lecarme (ed.), Research in Afroasiatic Grammar II: Selected papers from the Fifth Conference on Afroasiatic Languages, 263–285. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kennedy, Michele. 2012. Quantification in Jamaican Creole: The syntax and semantics of evri (‘every’) in interaction with indefinites. LINCOM Studies in Pidgin and Creole Linguistics 111. Lincom Academic Publishers.
Koopman, Hilda. 1993. ‘The internal and external distribution of pronominal DPs’. In Kyle Johnson & Ian Roberts (eds.), Papers in Honor of Osvaldo Jaeggli.Kluwer Academic Press.
Krifka, Manfred. 1998. The origins of telicity. In Susan Rothstein (ed.), Events and grammar, 197–235. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Laenzlinger, Christopher. 2005. French adjective ordering: Perspectives on DP-internal movement types. Lingua 115(5). 645–689
Longobardi, Giuseppe. 1994. Reference and proper names: A theory of N-movement in syntax and logical form. Linguistic Inquiry 251. 609–665.
. 2000. The structure of DPs: Some principles, parameters and problems. In M. Baltin, & C. Collins (Dir.), The handbook of contemporary syntactic theory, 562–603. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Mufwene, Salikoko. 1981. Non-individuation and the count/mass distinction. In Roberta Hendrick, Carie S. Masek, & Mary Frances Miller, (eds.), Seventeeth regional meeting of the Chicago linguistic society, 221–238. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
Patrick, Peter. 2004. Jamaican Creole morphology and syntax. In Bernd Kortmann, Edgar W Schneider, Clive Upton, Rajend Mesthrie, & Kate Burridge (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English 2. 407–438. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
. 2007. Jamaican Patwa (Creole English). In John Holm & Peter Patrick (eds.), Comparative creole syntax: Parallel outlines of 18 creole grammars (Westminster Creolistics Series 7). UK: Battlebridge Publications.
. 2009. Number marking in Jamaican Patwa. Creolistics Workshop 181. [URL]
Ritter, Elizabeth. 1991. Two functional categories in noun phrases: Evidence from Modern Hebrew. In Susan Rothstein (ed.), Perpectives on phrase structure [Syntax and Semantics 26], 37–62. New York: Academic Press.
Rizzi, Luigi. 1997. The fine structure of the left periphery. In Liliane Haegeman (ed.), Elements of grammar, 281–337. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
. 2004. The structure of CP and IP: The cartography of syntactic structures 2. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
Sand, Andrea. 1999. Linguistic variation in Jamaica: A corpus-based study of radio and newspaper usage. Tübingen: Narr.
Schneider, Clive Upton, Rajend Mesthrie & Kate Burridge (eds.). 2008. A Handbook of Varieties of English 2. 407–438. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Scott, Gary-John. 2002. Stacked adjectival modification and the structure of nominal phrases. In G. Cinque (ed.), Functional structure in DP and IP: The cartography of syntactic structures, Vol. 11. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sistren, with Honor Ford Smoth (ed.). 1986. Lionheart gal: Life stories of Jamaican women. London: The Women’s Press.
. 2010. The cartographic enterprise in syntax. Language and linguistics compass. Blackwell Publishing.
Starke, Michal. 2004. On the iInexistence of specifiers. In Adriana Belletti (ed.), Structures and beyond: The cartography of syntactic structures 3. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stewart, Michele. 2006. Quantification in Jamaican Creole. The syntax and semantics of EVRI (‘Every’) in interaction with indefinites. Univerisity of the West Indies, Mona dissertation.
. 2007. Aspects of the syntax and sematics of bare nouns in Jamaican Creole. In Marlyse Baptista & Jacqueline Guéron (eds.), Noun phrases in Creole languages: A multi-faceted approach (Creole Language Library 31). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2011. The expression of number in Jamaican Creole. In D. Winford (ed.), Journal of Pidgin and Creole languages 26(2). 363–385. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Svenonius, Peter. 2008. The position of and other phrasal modifiers in the decomposition of DP. In Louise McNally & Chris Kennedy (eds.), Adjectives and adverbs, syntax, semantics and discourse, 16–42. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Szabolcsi, Anna. 1987. Functional categories in the noun phrase. In István Kenesei (ed.), Approaches to Hungarian. Szeged: JATE.
Tenny, C. 1987. Grammaticalizing aspect and affectedness. MIT dissertation.
Cited by (4)
Cited by four other publications
López, Luis, Rodi Laanen, Charlotte Pouw & M. Carmen Parafita Couto
De Lisser, Tamirand Nnena, Stephanie Durrleman, Luigi Rizzi & Ur Shlonsky
Dékány, Éva
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
