Article published In: Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
Vol. 10:1 (1995) ► pp.127–155
Penny Cuts
Differentiation of Creole Varieties in Trinidad, 1904-1906
Published online: 1 January 1995
https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.10.1.05win
https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.10.1.05win
From 1904 to 1906 a series of linked vernacular texts — purportedly written by Trinidadians and other West Indians, including Barbadians — appeared in the Trinidadian newspaper Penny Cuts. Trinidadian English Creole (TEC), a fundamentally stable and clearly creole language throughout the 19th century and well into the 20th, included several varieties, containing more and less English influence. The texts appear linguistically reliable, and show that by this time, TEC was recognizably different from other creole varieties. This differentiation is held to be closely related to the contemporary social situation, reflecting a nationalist/nativist movement towards self-identification.
Cited by (6)
Cited by six other publications
Hackert, Stephanie
2019. Memoirs from Central America. In Keeping in Touch [Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics, 10], ► pp. 261 ff.
Avram, Andrei A.
2015. The distribution of diagnostic features in English-lexified contact languages. In Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [Varieties of English Around the World, G51], ► pp. 113 ff.
Avram, Andrei A.
2016. Diagnostic features of English-lexifier Creoles. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 37:2 ► pp. 168 ff.
Prescod, Paula & Adrian Fraser
2015. Sociohistorical and linguistic account of St Vincent and the Grenadines. In Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [Varieties of English Around the World, G51], ► pp. 1 ff.
Migge, Bettina
Roberts, Sarah J.
2001. Review of Schneider (1997): Englishes around the world, vol. 1. General studies, British Isles, North America. Studies in honour of Manfred Görlach & Schneider (1997): Englishes around the world, vol. 2. Caribbean, Africa, Australasia. Studies in honour of Manfred Görlach. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 16:2 ► pp. 374 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.