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Article published In: Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
Vol. 33:2 (2018) ► pp.386–410

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The adaptation of French liquids in Haitian

A test of the perceptual hypothesis

 | CNRS | Paris 8
Published online: 19 October 2018
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https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00020.sto
Abstract
Haitian, a French-lexifier creole with a Gbe substrate, shows an asymmetry in the way it has adapted French liquids: the French lateral was maintained in postvocalic coda position in Haitian, but the French rhotic was systematically deleted in this position. This paper presents the results of a perception study showing that the lateral is generally more perceptible than the rhotic in coda position in Modern French. The hypothesis that perception played a role in the phonological asymmetry in Haitian is compatible with these results. The paper sketches an analysis of how the perceptual asymmetry between French coda laterals and rhotics resulted in the emergence of a new phonological grammar, distinct from both the grammar of the substrate and superstrate languages. This analysis is in line with previous works on the role of perception in second language acquisition, loanword adaptation, creolization, and sound change more generally.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1The distribution of liquids in Haitian, Modern French, and Gbe
    • 1.2The phonological hypothesis and the phonetic hypothesis
    • 1.3Goal
  • 2.Method
    • 2.1Stimuli
    • 2.2Task
    • 2.3Participants
    • 2.4Analysis
  • 3.Results
  • 4.Discussion
    • 4.1Potential limitations of this study
    • 4.2Acoustic analyses
    • 4.3Implications of the results in word-medial contexts
    • 4.4The role of perception in grammar change
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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