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Article published In: Journal of Narrative and Life History
Vol. 1:1 (1991) ► pp.69–99

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Children’s Testimony About a Stressful Event: Improving Children’s Reports

 | State University of New York at Buffalo
 | State University of New York at Buffalo
 | State University of New York at Buffalo
 | Ohio State University
Published online: 4 August 2015
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https://doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.1.1.05chi
Abstract Age differences in children's ability to recount a stressful event were explored, as were several ways to improve children's reports. Seventy 3- to 7 year olds were videotaped while receiving inoculations at a medical clinic. It was predicted that multiple interviews would maintain memory and strengthen resistance to sugges-tion. It was also predicted that social support would ease intimidation and thus lessen children's suggestibility. To test these predictions, children were inter-viewed either once after a 4-week delay or twice, following 2- and 4-week delays, and under either "reinforcing" or "nonreinforcing" conditions. Age differences in answers to specific and misleading questions and in performance on a photo identification task were prevalent. However, multiple interviews and reinforce-ment supported more accurate reports. Training was effective in reducing false identifications on the photo identification task, especially for older children. Children's accuracy was unrelated to parental ratings of the stressfulness of the event. Our findings have implications for the testimony of child victim witnesses and for child-adult reconstruction of a child's past history. (Psychology)
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2013. How Children Report True and Fabricated Stressful and Non-Stressful Events. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 20:6 ► pp. 867 ff. DOI logo
Esnard, Catherine & Rafaele Dumas
2013. Perceptions of male victim blame in a child sexual abuse case: effects of gender, age and need for closure. Psychology, Crime & Law 19:9 ► pp. 817 ff. DOI logo
Havard, Catriona & Amina Memon
2013. The Mystery Man Can Help Reduce False Identification for Child Witnesses: Evidence from Video Line‐ups. Applied Cognitive Psychology 27:1 ► pp. 50 ff. DOI logo
Hobbs, Sue D., Jonni L. Johnson, Gail S. Goodman, Daniel Bederian‐Gardner, Michael J. Lawler, Ivan D. Vargas & Macaria Mendoza
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Klemfuss, J. Zoe, Helen M. Milojevich, Ilona S. Yim, Elizabeth B. Rush & Jodi A. Quas
2013. Stress at encoding, context at retrieval, and children’s narrative content. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 116:3 ► pp. 693 ff. DOI logo
La Rooy, David J., Deirdre Brown & Michael E. Lamb
2013. Suggestibility and Witness Interviewing using the Cognitive Interview and NICHD Protocol. In Suggestibility in Legal Contexts, ► pp. 197 ff. DOI logo
Marche, Tammy A. & Karen Salmon
2013. Children’s Memory for Emotionally Negative Experiences: An Eyewitness Memory Perspective. In Child Forensic Psychology, ► pp. 119 ff. DOI logo
McWilliams, Kelly, Rachel Narr, Gail S. Goodman, Sandra Ruiz & Macaria Mendoza
2013. Children's Memory for Their Mother's Murder: Accuracy, Suggestibility, and Resistance to Suggestion. Memory 21:5 ► pp. 591 ff. DOI logo
Pozzulo, Joanna D.
2013. Child Eyewitness Person Descriptions and Lineup Identifications. In Child Forensic Psychology, ► pp. 209 ff. DOI logo
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2013. Adults' ability to detect deception of stressful and non-stressful stories of children. Psychology, Crime & Law 19:10 ► pp. 865 ff. DOI logo
Teoh, Yee San & Michael Lamb
2013. Interviewer demeanor in forensic interviews of children. Psychology, Crime & Law 19:2 ► pp. 145 ff. DOI logo
Cyr, Mireille, Jacinthe Dion, Pierre McDuff & Karine Trotier‐Sylvain
2012. Transfer of Skills in the Context of Non‐Suggestive Investigative Interviews: Impact of Structured Interview Protocol and Feedback. Applied Cognitive Psychology 26:4 ► pp. 516 ff. DOI logo
Evans, Angela D., Megan K. Brunet, Victoria Talwar, Nicholas Bala, Rod C.L. Lindsay & Kang Lee
2012. The Effects of Repetition on Children's True and False Reports. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 19:4 ► pp. 517 ff. DOI logo
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2012. Child Sexual Abuse Evaluations. In Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition, DOI logo
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2012. “Family Stories” and Their Implications for Preschoolers’ Memories of Personal Events. Journal of Cognition and Development 13:4 ► pp. 473 ff. DOI logo
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2012. Interviewing Children Versus Tossing Coins: Accurately Assessing the Diagnosticity of Children's Disclosures of Abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 21:1 ► pp. 19 ff. DOI logo
Marsh, Elizabeth J., Lisa K. Fazio & Anna E. Goswick
2012. Memorial consequences of testing school-aged children. Memory 20:8 ► pp. 899 ff. DOI logo
Orbach, Yael, Michael E. Lamb, David La Rooy & Margaret‐Ellen Pipe
2012. A Case Study of Witness Consistency and Memory Recovery Across Multiple Investigative Interviews. Applied Cognitive Psychology 26:1 ► pp. 118 ff. DOI logo
Sawyer, Cheryl & Rebecca G. Judd
2012. Counselors and Bikers Collaborate to Empower Abused Children. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health 7:1 ► pp. 35 ff. DOI logo
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2011. Relationship Between Research and Practice. In Children's Testimony, ► pp. 371 ff. DOI logo
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2011. The Role of PTSD in Understanding Child Allegations of Sexual Abuse. In Post‐Traumatic Syndromes in Childhood and Adolescence, ► pp. 175 ff. DOI logo
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2011. Setting Realistic Expectations: Developmental Characteristics, Capacities and Limitations. In Children's Testimony, ► pp. 15 ff. DOI logo
Vallano, Jonathan P. & Nadja Schreiber Compo
2011. A comfortable witness is a good witness: rapport‐building and susceptibility to misinformation in an investigative mock‐crime interview. Applied Cognitive Psychology 25:6 ► pp. 960 ff. DOI logo
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2010. The investigative interviewing of children and other vulnerable witnesses: Psychological research and working/professional practice. Legal and Criminological Psychology 15:1 ► pp. 5 ff. DOI logo
Leander, Lina
2010. Police interviews with child sexual abuse victims: Patterns of reporting, avoidance and denial. Child Abuse & Neglect 34:3 ► pp. 192 ff. DOI logo
Teoh, Yee-San & Michael E. Lamb
2010. Preparing Children for Investigative Interviews: Rapport-Building, Instruction, and Evaluation. Applied Developmental Science 14:3 ► pp. 154 ff. DOI logo
Wilcock, Rachel & Ray Bull
2010. Novel lineup methods for improving the performance of older eyewitnesses. Applied Cognitive Psychology 24:5 ► pp. 718 ff. DOI logo
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2009. Remembering Negative Childhood Experiences. In Emotion in Memory and Development, ► pp. 3 ff. DOI logo
Cyr, Mireille & Michael E. Lamb
2009. Assessing the effectiveness of the NICHD investigative interview Protocol when interviewing French-speaking alleged victims of child sexual abuse in Quebec. Child Abuse & Neglect 33:5 ► pp. 257 ff. DOI logo
Lamb, Michael E., Yael Orbach, Kathleen J. Sternberg, Jan Aldridge, Sally Pearson, Heather L. Stewart, Phillip W. Esplin & Lynn Bowler
2009. Use of a structured investigative protocol enhances the quality of investigative interviews with alleged victims of child sexual abuse in Britain. Applied Cognitive Psychology 23:4 ► pp. 449 ff. DOI logo
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2009. The relationships between child and forensic interviewer behaviours and individual differences in interviews about a medical examination. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 6:3 ► pp. 365 ff. DOI logo
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2009. Practice retrieving source enhances young children's discrimination of live and story events. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 30:4 ► pp. 552 ff. DOI logo
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2009. Cross‐Examination: Impact on Testimony. In Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science, DOI logo
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2008. How interviewers’ nonverbal behaviors can affect children’s perceptions and suggestibility. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 100:1 ► pp. 17 ff. DOI logo
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2008. Repeated Interviews and Children's Memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science 17:6 ► pp. 386 ff. DOI logo
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2008. Trauma and memory: Effects of post-event misinformation, retrieval order, and retention interval. Memory 16:1 ► pp. 58 ff. DOI logo
Schaaf, Jennifer M., Kristen Weede Alexander & Gail S. Goodman
2008. Children’s false memory and true disclosure in the face of repeated questions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 100:3 ► pp. 157 ff. DOI logo
Almerigogna, Jehanne, James Ost, Ray Bull & Lucy Akehurst
2007. A state of high anxiety: how non‐supportive interviewers can increase the suggestibility of child witnesses. Applied Cognitive Psychology 21:7 ► pp. 963 ff. DOI logo
Billings, F. James, Tanya Taylor, James Burns, Deb L. Corey, Sena Garven & James M. Wood
2007. Can reinforcement induce children to falsely incriminate themselves?. Law and Human Behavior 31:2 ► pp. 125 ff. DOI logo
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2007. The Child and the Law. In Handbook of Child Psychology, DOI logo
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2007. The Effects of repeated interviewing on children's forensic statements of sexual abuse. Applied Cognitive Psychology 21:9 ► pp. 1131 ff. DOI logo
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2007. A structured forensic interview protocol improves the quality and informativeness of investigative interviews with children: A review of research using the NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol. Child Abuse & Neglect 31:11-12 ► pp. 1201 ff. DOI logo
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2007. Does the type of prompt affect the accuracy of information provided by alleged victims of abuse in forensic interviews?. Applied Cognitive Psychology 21:9 ► pp. 1117 ff. DOI logo
Quas, Jodi A. & Heather C. Lench
2007. Arousal at encoding, arousal at retrieval, interviewer support, and children's memory for a mild stressor. Applied Cognitive Psychology 21:3 ► pp. 289 ff. DOI logo
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2007. Can private reports enhance children’s event recall, lower their suggestibility and foster their metacognitive monitoring compared to face-to-face interviews?. Computers in Human Behavior 23:1 ► pp. 749 ff. DOI logo
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2006. Children's suggestibility: Characteristics and mechanisms. In Advances in Child Development and Behavior Volume 34 [Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 34], ► pp. 247 ff. DOI logo
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2006. Dynamics of forensic interviews with suspected abuse victims who do not disclose abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect 30:7 ► pp. 753 ff. DOI logo
Myklebust, Trond & Roald A. Bjørklund
2006. The effect of long‐term training on police officers' use of open and closed questions in field investigative interviews of children (FIIC). Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 3:3 ► pp. 165 ff. DOI logo
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2005. Facilitating children's accurate responses: conversational rules and interview style. Applied Cognitive Psychology 19:3 ► pp. 249 ff. DOI logo
Goodman, Gail S.
2005. Wailing Babies in Her Wake.. American Psychologist 60:8 ► pp. 872 ff. DOI logo
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2006. Children's Eyewitness Memory: A Modern History and Contemporary Commentary. Journal of Social Issues 62:4 ► pp. 811 ff. DOI logo
Jones, Lisa M., Theodore P. Cross, Wendy A. Walsh & Monique Simone
2005. Criminal Investigations of Child Abuse. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 6:3 ► pp. 254 ff. DOI logo
Lamb, Michael E. & Karen L. Thierry
2005. Understanding Children's Testimony Regarding their Alleged Abuse: Contributions of Field and Laboratory Analog Research. In Handbook of Research Methods in Developmental Science, ► pp. 489 ff. DOI logo
Perona, Alison R., Bette L. Bottoms & Erin Sorenson
2005. Research-Based Guidelines for Child Forensic Interviews. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 12:3-4 ► pp. 81 ff. DOI logo
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2005. Do jurors "know" what isn't so about child witnesses?. Law and Human Behavior 29:4 ► pp. 425 ff. DOI logo
Quas, Jodi A., Allison R. Wallin, Silvia Papini, Heather Lench & Matthew H. Scullin
2005. Suggestibility, social support, and memory for a novel experience in young children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 91:4 ► pp. 315 ff. DOI logo
Roberts, Kim P. & Martine B. Powell
2005. The relation between inhibitory control and children's eyewitness memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology 19:8 ► pp. 1003 ff. DOI logo
Aldridge, Jan, Michael E. Lamb, Kathleen J. Sternberg, Yael Orbach, Phillip W. Esplin & Lynn Bowler
2004. Using a Human Figure Drawing to Elicit Information From Alleged Victims of Child Sexual Abuse.. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72:2 ► pp. 304 ff. DOI logo
Ghetti, Simona, Jennifer M. Schaaf, Jianjian Qin & Gail S. Goodman
2004. Issues in Eyewitness Testimony. In Handbook of Forensic Psychology, ► pp. 513 ff. DOI logo
Jackson, Shelly L
2004. A USA national survey of program services provided by child advocacy centers. Child Abuse & Neglect 28:4 ► pp. 411 ff. DOI logo
Kuehnle, Kathryn, Lyn R. Greenberg & Michael C. Gottlieb
2004. Incorporating the Principles of Scientifically Based Child Interviews into Family Law Cases. Journal of Child Custody 1:1 ► pp. 97 ff. DOI logo
Pipe, Margaret-Ellen, Michael E. Lamb, Yael Orbach & Phillip W. Esplin
2004. Recent research on children’s testimony about experienced and witnessed events. Developmental Review 24:4 ► pp. 440 ff. DOI logo
Pipe, Margaret‐Ellen, Rachel Sutherland, Nalini Webster, Carolyn Jones & David La Rooy
2004. Do early interviews affect children's long‐term event recall?. Applied Cognitive Psychology 18:7 ► pp. 823 ff. DOI logo
Quas, Jodi A., Amy Bauer & W. Thomas Boyce
2004. Physiological Reactivity, Social Support, and Memory in Early Childhood. Child Development 75:3 ► pp. 797 ff. DOI logo
Redlich, Allison D., Melissa Silverman, Julie Chen & Hans Steiner
2004. The Police Interrogation of Children and Adolescents. In Interrogations, Confessions, and Entrapment, ► pp. 107 ff. DOI logo
Roberts, Kim P., Michael E. Lamb & Kathleen J. Sternberg
2004. The effects of rapport‐building style on children's reports of a staged event. Applied Cognitive Psychology 18:2 ► pp. 189 ff. DOI logo
Deocampo, Joanne Agayoff & Judith Hudson
2003. Reinstatement of 2-year-olds' event memory using photographs. Memory 11:1 ► pp. 13 ff. DOI logo
Lamb, Michael E, Kathleen J Sternberg, Yael Orbach, Irit Hershkowitz & Dvora Horowitz
2003. Differences between accounts provided by witnesses and alleged victims of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect 27:9 ► pp. 1019 ff. DOI logo
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2003. Child Development and the Law. In Handbook of Psychology, ► pp. 559 ff. DOI logo
Lamb, Michael E., Kathleen J. Sternberg, Yael Orbach, Phillip W. Esplin, Heather Stewart & Susanne Mitchell
2003. Age differences in young children's responses to open-ended invitations in the course of forensic interviews.. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71:5 ► pp. 926 ff. DOI logo
Thierry, Karen L., Michael E. Lamb & Yael Orbach
2003. Awareness of the origin of knowledge predicts child witnesses' recall of alleged sexual and physical abuse. Applied Cognitive Psychology 17:8 ► pp. 953 ff. DOI logo
Bruck, Maggie, Stephen J Ceci & Helene Hembrooke
2002. The nature of children’s true and false narratives. Developmental Review 22:3 ► pp. 520 ff. DOI logo
Bull, Ray & Eleanor Corran
2002. Interviewing Child Witnesses: Past and Future. International Journal of Police Science & Management 4:4 ► pp. 315 ff. DOI logo
Edelstein, Robin S., Gail S. Goodman, Simona Ghetti, Kristen Weede Alexander, Jodi A. Quas, Allison D. Redlich, Jennifer M. Schaaf & Ingrid M. Cordon
2002. Child Witnesses' Experiences Post‐Court: Effects of Legal Involvement. In Children's Testimony, ► pp. 261 ff. DOI logo
Kalichman, Seth
2002. Child Abuse. In Forensic Psychology, ► pp. 199 ff. DOI logo
Lamb, Michael E., Yael Orbach, Kathleen J. Sternberg, Phillip W. Esplin & Irit Hershkowitz
2002. The Effects of Forensic Interview Practices on the Quality of Information Provided by Alleged Victims of Child Abuse. In Children's Testimony, ► pp. 131 ff. DOI logo
Lamb, Michael E., Kathleen J. Sternberg, Yael Orbach, Phillip W. Esplin & Susanne Mitchell
2002. Is Ongoing Feedback Necessary to Maintain The Quality of Investigative Interviews With Allegedly Abused Children?. Applied Developmental Science 6:1 ► pp. 35 ff. DOI logo
Lamb, Michael E., Kathleen J. Sternberg, Yael Orbach, Irit Hershkowitz, Dvora Horowitz & Phillip W. Esplin
2002. The Effects of Intensive Training and Ongoing Supervision on the Quality of Investigative Interviews With Alleged Sex Abuse Victims. Applied Developmental Science 6:3 ► pp. 114 ff. DOI logo
Lubit, Roy, Nancy Hartwell, Wilfred G van Gor & Spencer Eth
2002. Forensic evaluation of trauma syndromes in children. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 11:4 ► pp. 823 ff. DOI logo
Schaaf, Jennifer M., Kristen Weede Alexander, Gail S. Goodman, Simona Ghetti, Robin S. Edelstein & Paola Castelli
2002. Children's Eyewitness Memory: True Disclosures and False Reports. In Children, Social Science, and the Law, ► pp. 342 ff. DOI logo
Weede Alexander, Kristen, Jodi A Quas & Gail S Goodman
2002. Theoretical advances in understanding children’s memory for distressing events: The role of attachment. Developmental Review 22:3 ► pp. 490 ff. DOI logo
Westcott, Helen L & Marcus Page
2002. Cross‐examination, sexual abuse and child witness identity. Child Abuse Review 11:3 ► pp. 137 ff. DOI logo
Williams, Sara‐Jayne, Daniel B. Wright & Norman H. Freeman
2002. Inhibiting children's memory of an interactive event: the effectiveness of a cover‐up. Applied Cognitive Psychology 16:6 ► pp. 651 ff. DOI logo
Gordon, Betty N., Lynne Baker-Ward & Peter A. Ornstein
2001. Children's Testimony: A Review of Research on Memory for Past Experiences. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 4:2 ► pp. 157 ff. DOI logo
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2001. A case study of child sexual false allegation. Child Abuse & Neglect 25:10 ► pp. 1397 ff. DOI logo
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2009. Socioemotional Factors in Child Sexual Abuse Investigations. Child Maltreatment 14:2 ► pp. 172 ff. DOI logo
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2011. Rapport Building in Investigative Interviews of Children. In Children's Testimony, ► pp. 109 ff. DOI logo
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2001. Attempts to Improve Children's Identifications From Sequential‐Presentation Lineups. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 31:4 ► pp. 796 ff. DOI logo
Roebers, Claudia M., Nelly Moga & Wolfgang Schneider
2001. The Role of Accuracy Motivation on Children's and Adults' Event Recall. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 78:4 ► pp. 313 ff. DOI logo
Sternberg, Kathleen J, Michael E Lamb, Graham M Davies & Helen L Westcott
2001. The Memorandum of Good Practice: theory versus application. Child Abuse & Neglect 25:5 ► pp. 669 ff. DOI logo
Sternberg, Kathleen J., Michael E. Lamb, Yael Orbach, Phillip W. Esplin & Susanne Mitchell
2001. Use of a structured investigative protocol enhances young children's responses to free-recall prompts in the course of forensic interviews.. Journal of Applied Psychology 86:5 ► pp. 997 ff. DOI logo
Brown, Laura S.
2000. The Controversy Concerning Recovered Memory of Traumatic Events. In International Handbook of Human Response to Trauma, ► pp. 195 ff. DOI logo
Doherty-Sneddon, Gwyneth & Sandra McAuley
2000. Influence of video-mediation on adult-child interviews: implications for the use of the live link with child witnesses. Applied Cognitive Psychology 14:4 ► pp. 379 ff. DOI logo
Garven, Sena, James M. Wood & Roy S. Malpass
2000. Allegations of wrongdoing: The effects of reinforcement on children's mundane and fantastic claims.. Journal of Applied Psychology 85:1 ► pp. 38 ff. DOI logo
Gobbo, Camilla
2000. Assessing the effects of misinformation on children's recall: how and when makes a difference. Applied Cognitive Psychology 14:2 ► pp. 163 ff. DOI logo
Lindberg, Marc A, John Keiffer & Stuart W Thomas
2000. Eyewitness Testimony for Physical Abuse as a Function of Personal Experience, Development, and Focus of Study. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 21:5 ► pp. 555 ff. DOI logo
Lyon, Thomas D.
2000. Questioning Children: The Effects Of Suggestive And Repeated Questioning. SSRN Electronic Journal DOI logo
Lyon, Thomas D.
2000. Questioning Children: The Effects Of Suggestive And Repeated Questioning. SSRN Electronic Journal DOI logo
QUAS, JODI A., GAIL S. GOODMAN, SIMONA GHETTI & ALLISON D. REDLICH
2000. Questioning the Child Witness. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 1:3 ► pp. 223 ff. DOI logo
Santtila, Pekka, Heli Roppola, Markus Runtti & Pekka Niemi
2000. Assessment of child witness statements using criteria-based content analysis (CBCA): The effects of age, verbal ability, and interviewer's emotional style. Psychology, Crime & Law 6:3 ► pp. 159 ff. DOI logo
Vrij, Aldert & Nicola Bush
2000. Differences in suggestibility between 5–6 and 10–11 year olds: The relationship with self confidence. Psychology, Crime & Law 6:2 ► pp. 127 ff. DOI logo
Wood, James M. & Sena Garven
2000. How Sexual Abuse Interviews Go Astray: Implications for Prosecutors, Police, and Child Protection Services. Child Maltreatment 5:2 ► pp. 109 ff. DOI logo
Bruck, Maggie
1999. A Summary of an Affidavit Prepared for Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Cheryl Amirault LeFave. Applied Developmental Science 3:2 ► pp. 110 ff. DOI logo
Imhoff, Molly Carter & Lynne Baker-Ward
1999. Preschoolers' Suggestibility. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 20:3 ► pp. 407 ff. DOI logo
Marche, Tammy A.
1999. Memory Strength Affects Reporting of Misinformation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 73:1 ► pp. 45 ff. DOI logo
Orbach, Yael & Michael E. Lamb
1999. Assessing the accuracy of a child’s account of sexual abuse: a case study. Child Abuse & Neglect 23:1 ► pp. 91 ff. DOI logo
Orbach, Yael & Michael E. Lamb
2007. Young Children’s References to Temporal Attributes of Allegedly Experienced Events in the Course of Forensic Interviews. Child Development 78:4 ► pp. 1100 ff. DOI logo
Roebers, Claudia M. & Kathrin Lockl
1999. Der Einfluß von Metakognitionen und vorheriger Irreführung auf die Identifikationsleistung kindlicher Augenzeugen1 1 Wir bedanken uns bei den Mitgliedern der DFG-finanzierten Forschergruppe “Kognitive Entwicklung” für ihre Unterstützung und die hilfreichen Kommentare.. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 31:3 ► pp. 116 ff. DOI logo
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1999. Children's Memory of a Naturalistic Event Following Misinformation. Applied Developmental Science 3:1 ► pp. 34 ff. DOI logo
Bjorklund, David F., Barbara R. Bjorklund, Rhonda Douglas Brown & William S. Cassel
1998. Children's Susceptibility to Repeated Questions: How Misinformation Changes Children's Answers and Their Minds. Applied Developmental Science 2:2 ► pp. 99 ff. DOI logo
Davis, Suzanne L.
1998. Social and Scientific Influences on the Study of Children's Suggestibility: A Historical Perspective. Child Maltreatment 3:2 ► pp. 186 ff. DOI logo
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1998. Memories of childhood sexual abuse: a survey of young adults. Child Abuse & Neglect 22:12 ► pp. 1217 ff. DOI logo
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1998. A comparison of suggestibility in 4-year-old girls in response to parental or stranger misinformation. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 19:4 ► pp. 527 ff. DOI logo
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1998. Ethics and the Forensic Expert: A Case Study of Child Custody Involving Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse. Ethics & Behavior 8:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
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1998. Effect of Questioning Techniques and Interview Setting on Young Children's Eyewitness Memory. Expert Evidence 6:2 ► pp. 127 ff. DOI logo
Saywitz, Karen & Lorinda Camparo
1998. Interviewing child witnesses: a developmental perspective. Child Abuse & Neglect 22:8 ► pp. 825 ff. DOI logo
Bruck, Maggie, Stephen J. Ceci & Laura Melnyk
1997. External and internal sources of variation in the creation of false reports in children. Learning and Individual Differences 9:4 ► pp. 289 ff. DOI logo
Bruck, Maggie & Stephen J. Ceci
1996. ISSUES IN THE SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION OF INTERVIEWS WITH YOUNG CHILDREN. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 61:4-5 ► pp. 204 ff. DOI logo
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1999. THE SUGGESTIBILITY OF CHILDREN'S MEMORY. Annual Review of Psychology 50:1 ► pp. 419 ff. DOI logo
Bruck, Maggie & Stephen J. Ceci
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Carter, Cathleen A., Bette L. Bottoms & Murray Levine
1996. Linguistic and socioemotional influences on the accuracy of children's reports.. Law and Human Behavior 20:3 ► pp. 335 ff. DOI logo
Faller, Kathleen Coulborn
1996. Interviewing Children Who May have been Abused: A Historical Perspective and Overview of Controversies. Child Maltreatment 1:2 ► pp. 83 ff. DOI logo
Greenstock, Jemma & Margaret-Ellen Pipe
1996. Interviewing children about past events: The influence of peer support and misleading questions. Child Abuse & Neglect 20:1 ► pp. 69 ff. DOI logo
Gross, Julien & Harlene Hayne
1996. Eyewitness identification by 5- to 6-year-old children.. Law and Human Behavior 20:3 ► pp. 359 ff. DOI logo
Myers, John E. B.
1996. Taint Hearings to Attack Investigative Interviews: A Further Assault on Children's Credibility. Child Maltreatment 1:3 ► pp. 213 ff. DOI logo
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1996. Findings from Research on Children's Suggestibility and Implications for Conducting Child Interviews. Child Maltreatment 1:2 ► pp. 105 ff. DOI logo
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1996. Anatomically-neutral dolls: Their effects on the memory and suggestibility of 4- to 6-year-old eyewitnesses. Child Abuse & Neglect 20:12 ► pp. 1261 ff. DOI logo
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WARREN, AMYE R. & LUCY S. McGOUGH
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1996. Suggestions for Improving Interviews in Child Protection Agencies. Child Maltreatment 1:3 ► pp. 223 ff. DOI logo
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Brown, Daniel
1995. Pseudomemories: The Standard of Science and the Standard of Care in Trauma Treatment. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 37:3 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Fivush, Robyn & April Schwarzmueller
1995. Say it once again: Effects of repeated questions on children's event recall. Journal of Traumatic Stress 8:4 ► pp. 555 ff. DOI logo
Fivush, Robyn & April Schwarzmueller
1995. Say it once again: Effects of repeated questions on children's event recall. Journal of Traumatic Stress 8:4 ► pp. 555 ff. DOI logo
Flin, Rhona & J. R. Spencer
1995. Annotation: Children as Witnesses—Legal and Psychological Perspectives. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 36:2 ► pp. 171 ff. DOI logo
Howe, Mark L., Mary L. Courage & Carole Peterson
1995. Intrusions in preschoolers’ recall of traumatic childhood events. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2:1 ► pp. 130 ff. DOI logo
Melton, Gary B., Gail S. Goodman, Seth C. Kalichman, Murray Levine, Karen J. Saywitz & Gerald P. Koocher
1995. Empirical Research on Child Maltreatment and the Law. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 24:sup1 ► pp. 47 ff. DOI logo
O'Connor, Patricia E.
1995. Discourse of Violence. Discourse & Society 6:3 ► pp. 309 ff. DOI logo
Goodman, Gail S. & Karen J. Saywitz
1994. Memories of Abuse: Interviewing Children When Sexual Victimization is Suspected. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 3:4 ► pp. 645 ff. DOI logo
Lamb, Michael E., Kathleen J. Sternberg & Phillip W. Esplin
1994. Factors influencing the reliability and validity of statements made by young victims of sexual maltreatment. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 15:2 ► pp. 255 ff. DOI logo
Lamb, Michael E., Kathleen J. Sternberg & Phillip W. Esplin
1998. Conducting investigative interviews of alleged sexual abuse victims. Child Abuse & Neglect 22:8 ► pp. 813 ff. DOI logo
McGough, Lucy S. & Amye R. Warren
1994. The All‐Important Investigative Interview. Juvenile and Family Court Journal 45:4 ► pp. 13 ff. DOI logo
Ely, Richard & Allyssa McCabe
1993. Remembered voices. Journal of Child Language 20:3 ► pp. 671 ff. DOI logo
Parker, Janat Fraser & Virginia Ryan
1993. An attempt to reduce guessing behavior in children's and adults' eyewitness identifications.. Law and Human Behavior 17:1 ► pp. 11 ff. DOI logo
Saywitz, Karen J. & Rebecca Nathanson
1993. Children's testimony and their perceptions of stress in and out of the courtroom. Child Abuse & Neglect 17:5 ► pp. 613 ff. DOI logo
Tobey, Ann E. & Gail S. Goodman
1992. Children's eyewitness memory: Effects of participation and forensic context. Child Abuse & Neglect 16:6 ► pp. 779 ff. DOI logo
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This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

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