Cover not available

Article published In: Journal of Language and Politics
Vol. 7:2 (2008) ► pp.201–227

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
authorization required

Discursive illusions in the American National Strategy for Combating Terrorism

 | Department of LinguisticsMacquarie University
Published online: 3 November 2008
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.7.2.02bha
Social realities are often negotiated and determined by elite groups of society, including political and religious leaders, the mass media, and even professional experts, who give meaning to complex, multifaceted constructs such as terrorism consistent with their individual socio-political agendas. The Bush Administrations National Strategy for Combating Terrorism (NSCT) (2003) defines what we the public and media understand by the term terrorism; who are terrorists; what constitutes terrorism; how we can fight terrorism, etc. In order to convince audiences that the version of reality that the NSCT is representing is the objective truth, particular themes such as the construction of religion, Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs), orientalism, and attack vs. self-defence, typically realised through the use of rhetorical resources such as category work, appeals to historicity, negative other-presentation, and the use of metaphor, are utilised. Metaphors are used to construct new and alternate realities. They allow a subjective conceptualisation of reality to appear more convincing through the invocation of emotions and ideologies. Drawing on a detailed analysis of NSCT, the paper investigates how metaphors are combined with other features of language and rhetoric to achieve the themes mentioned above enabling the discourse of illusion to take effect.
References (98)
References
Achugar, Mariana. 2004. The Events and Actors of 11 September 2001 As Seen From Uruguay: Analysis of Daily Newspaper Editorials. In: Discourse Society 15(2—3), 291—320. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Al- Da’mi, Muhammed A. 1998. Orientalism and Arab-Islamic History: An Inquiry into the Orientalists’ Motives and Compulsions. In: Arab Studies Quarterly 20(4), 1—6.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aydin, Cemil. 2004. The Politics of Conceptualizing Islam and the West. In: Ethics and International Affairs 18(3), 89—96. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Badawi, Samer. 2005 August 3. Rewording the “war on terror”. In: Middle East International, News Analysis. Retrieved from http://meionline.com/newsanalysis/print391.shtml
Beard, Adrian. 2000. The Language of Politics. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bednarek, Monika A. 2005 Frame Revisited — the Coherence-Inducing Function of Frames. In: Journal of Pragmatics 371, 685—705. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Biletzki, Anat. 1997. Talking Wolves: Thomas Hobbes on the Language of Politics and the Politics of Language. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Blix, Hans. 2004. Disarming Iraq: The Search for Weapons of Mass Destruction. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bowring, Philip. 2004 April 20. Terrorist’s Best Excuse. In: South China Morning Post, Insight, A17.
Brekle, Herbert E. 1989. War With Words. In: Ruth Wodak (ed.). Language, Power and Ideology: Studies in Political Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Butt, David G. et al.. 2004. Grammar- the First Covert Operation of War. In: Discourse & Society 15(2—3), 267—290. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cameron, Lynne. 2003. Metaphor in Educational Discourse. London: Continuum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Charteris-Black, Jonathan. 2004. Corpus Approaches to Critical Metaphor Analysis. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2005. Politicians and Rhetoric: The Persuasive Power of Metaphor. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chilton, Paul (ed.). 1985. Language and the Nuclear Arms Debate: Nukespeak Today. London: Frances Pinter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2004. Analysing Political Discourse: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chouliaraki, Lilie. 2004. Watching 11 September: The Politics of Pity. In: Discourse & Society 15(2—3), 185—198. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Clayman, Steven E. 2001. Answers and Evasions. In: Language in Society 30(3), 403—442. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Collins, John. 2002. Terrorism. In: John Collins & Ross Glover (eds), Collateral Language: A User’s Guide to America’s New War. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Davis, Richard. 1997. Understanding Broadcast Political Talk. In: Political Communication 141, 323—332. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
De Cillia, Rudolf et al.. 1999. The Discursive Construction of National Identities. In: Discourse & Society 10(2), 149—173. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dowd, Maureen. 2004. April 25. Orwellian Olsens. In: New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com.
Egan, Danielle R. 2002. Anthrax. In: John Collins & Ross Glover (eds). Collateral Language: A User’s Guide to America’s New War. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Editorial. 16/2/03. Taiwan Under American Pressure to Accelerate Weapons Purchases. In: South China Morning Post, China, p6.
Editorial. 4/2/04. U.S. Legitmacy in the Iraq War. In: International Herald Tribune, World News, Focus.
Edwards, John. 2004. After the Fall. In: Discourse and Society 15(2—3), 155—184. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Elshtain, Jean B. 2003. Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fairclough, Norman. 1998. Political Discourse in the Media: An Analytical Framework. In: Allan Bell & Peter Garrett (eds). Approaches to Media Discourse. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2000. New Labour, New Language?. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2004. Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social Research. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Feinstein, Dianne. 2004 January 17. Is America Putting the World at Risk? In: South China Morning Post, Insight, A13.
Festinger, Leon. 1957. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Illinois: Row Peterson & Co.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Foster, Gregory D. 2001. The Postmodern Military: The Irony of “Strengthening” Defense. In: Harvard International Review, 24—29.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge and The Discourse on Language. New York: Tavistock Publications.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Freedman, Lawrence. 1991. The Gulf War and the New World Order. In: Survival 33(3), 195—209. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1992. Order and Disorder in the New World. In: Foreign Affairs 71(1), 20—37. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gal. Susan & Irvine, Judith T. 1995. The Boundaries of Language and Disciplines: How Ideologies Construct Difference. In: Social Research 62(4), 967—1001.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gandara, Lelia. 2004 “They that sow the wind �”: Proverbs and Sayings in Argumentation. In: Discourse & Society 15(2—3), 345—359. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Geis, Michael L. 1987. The Language of Politics. New York: Springer-Verlag. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Glover, Ross. 2002. The War on____. In: John Collins & Ross Glover (eds). Collateral Language: A User’s Guide to America’s New War. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goatly, Andrew. 1997. The Language of Metaphors. London: Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Graham et al.. 2004. A Call to Arms at the End of History: A Discourse—Historical Analysis of George W. Bush’s Declaration of War on Terror. In: Discourse & Society 15(2—3), 199—221. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Graham, Phil & Luke, Allan. 2005. The Language of Neofeudal Corporatism and the War on Iraq. In: Journal of Language and Politics 4(1), 11—39. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Harris, Sandra. 1991. Evasive Action: Politicians and Political Interviews. In: Paddy Scannell (ed.). Broadcast Talk. London: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hart, Joseph K. 1929. Pragmatist Solutions of the Body-Mind Problem. In: Daniel S. Robinson (ed.). An Anthology of Recent Philosophy: Selections for Beginners from the Writings of the Greatest 20th Century Philosophers. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hess, Stephen & Kalb, Marvin (eds). The Media and the War on Terrorism. Washington: Brookings Institution Press.
Hilton, James L & von Hippel, William. 1996. Stereotypes. In: Annual Review of Psychology 471, 237—271. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Holly, Werner. 1989. Credibility and Political Language. In: Ruth Wodak (ed.). Language, Power and Ideology: Studies in Political Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hudson, Kenneth. 1978. The Language of Modern Politics. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hume, David. 1970. The Self Is a Bundle of Perceptions. In Eleanor Kuykendall (ed.). Philosophy in the Age of Crisis. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. The Clash of Civilizations. In: Foreign Affairs 72(3), 22—49. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
International Herald Tribune 2006 September 28. Bush Administration Pushes Congress to Approve Indian Nuclear Deal Now; Success Uncertain. Retrieved from http://www.iht.com
Ihonvbere, Julius O. 1992. The Third World and the New World Order in the 1990s. In: Futures 24(10), 987—1002. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Llorente, Marina A. 2002. Civilization vs. Barbarism. In: John Collins and Ross Glover (eds). Collateral Language: A User’s Guide to America’s New War. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jayyusi, Lena. 1984. Categorization and the Moral Order. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kammerer, Peter. 2005 August 7. Closer to Midnight. In: South China Morning Post, Agenda, A11.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1970. The Active Mind: The Judgements of Experience. In Eleanor Kuykendall (ed.). Philosophy in the Age of Crisis. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kearney, Marianne. 2003 October 22. Separate Agenda. In: South China Morning Post, Insight, A17.
Layder, Derek. 1993. New Strategies in Social Research. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lakoff, George & Johnson, Mark. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lakoff, George. 2004. Don’t Think an Elephant!: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate: The Essential Guide for Progressiveness. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Pub.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lazar, Anita & Lazar, Michelle M. 2004. The Discourse of the New World Order: ‘Out-casting’ the Double Face of Threat. In: Discourse & Society 15(2—3), 223—242. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Leudar, Ivan et al.. 2004. On Membership Categorization: ‘us’, ‘them’ and ‘doing violence’ in Political Discourse. In: Discourse and Society 15(2—3), 243—266. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Llorente, Marina A. 2002. Civilization vs. Barbarism. In: John Collins & Ross Glover (eds). Collateral Language: A User’s Guide to America’s New War. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mac Cormac, Earl R. 1990. A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Makitalo, Asa & Saljo, Roger. 2002. Talk in Institutional Context and Institutional Context in Talk: Categories as Situated Practices. In: TEXT 22(1), 57—82. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Menz, Florian. 1989. Manipulation Strategies in Newspapers: A Program for Critical Linguistics. In: Ruth Wodak (ed.). Language, Power and Ideology: Studies in Political Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Moss, Peter. 1985. Rhetoric of Defence in the United States: Language, Myth and Ideology. In: Paul Chilton (ed.). Language and the Nuclear Arms Debate: Nukespeak Today. London: Frances Pinter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Negrine, Ralph. 1994. Politics and the Mass Media in Britain. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Noor, Farish A. 2003. Reaping the Bitter Harvest After Twenty Years of State Islamization: The Malaysian Experience Post-September 11. In: Rohan Gunaratna (ed.). Terrorism in the Asia-Pacific: Threat and Response. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
O’Keefe, Daniel J. 1990. Persuasion: Theory and Research. Newbury Park CA: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Oktar, Lutfiye. 2001. The Ideological Organization of Representational Processes in the Presentation of Us and Them. In: Discourse & Society 12(3), 313—346.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Paletz, David L. & Schmid, Alex P. (eds). 1992. Terrorism and the Media. California: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Perloff, Richard M. 1993. The Dynamics of Persuasion, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rediehs, Laura J. 2002. Evil. In: John Collins & Ross Glover (eds). Collateral Language: A User’s Guide to America’s New War. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Russell, Peter. (2002, 2003). From Science to God: The Mystery of Consciousness and the Meaning of Light. Retrieved from at http://www.peterussell.com/SG/contents.html
Robins, Shani & Mayer, Richard E. 2000. The Metaphor Framing Effect: Metaphorical Reasoning About Text-Based Dilemmas. In: Discourse Processes 30(1), 57—86. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rocard, Michel. 2004 February 4. Win, for Humanity. In: South China Morning Post, Insight, A13. Said, Edward W. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sardar, Ziauddin. 1999. Orientalism. Buckingham: Open University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schaffner, Christina (ed). 1997. Analyzing Political Speeches. United United: Short Run Press Ltd.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Silberstein, Sandra. 2002. War of Words: Language, Politics and 9/11. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Simon, Roger. 1999. Gramsci’s Political Thought: An Introduction. London: The Electric Book Company Ltd.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Smith, Susan L. 1997. The Effective Use Of Fear Appeals In Persuasive Immunization: An Analysis of National Immunization Intervention Messages. In: Journal of Applied Communication Research 251, 264—292. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Spivey, Nancy N. 1997. The Constructivist Metaphor: Reading, Writing and the Making of Meaning. San San: Academic Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Stiff, James B. 1994. Persuasive Communication. New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tanford, S. & Penrod, S. 1984. Social Influence Model: A Formal Integration of Research on Majority and Minority Influence Processes. In: Psychological Bulletin 95(2), 189—225. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tillman, Frank A. 1970. On Perceiving Persons. In Elena Kuykendall (ed.). Philosophy in the Age of Crisis. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vallee, Virginia. 2000. The Roots of Sound Rational Thinking. Retrieved from http://www.plusroot.com
Van der Velk, Ineke. 2003. Right-Wing Parliamentary Discourse on Immigration in France. In: Discourse & Society 14(3), 309—348. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Van Dijk, Teun A. 1998. Opinions and Ideologies in the Press. In Allan Bell & Peter Garrett (eds). Approaches to Media Discourse. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Weinberg, Leonard B. & Davis, Paul B. 1989. Introduction to Political Terrorism. New York: Mc-Graw-Hill.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wilson, John. 1990. Politically Speaking. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wodak, Ruth. (ed.). 1989. Language, Power and Ideology: Studies in Political Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
et al.. 1999. The Discursive Construction of National Identity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2001. The Discourse Historical Approach. In Ruth Wodak & Michael Meyer (eds). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (34)

Cited by 34 other publications

Chigbu, Godswill Uchechukwu, Richard Chijioke Ukwunna & Sopuruchi Christian Aboh
2025.  Metaphors we overthrow with: a critical metaphor analysis of Nigerian military leaders’ post-coup proclamations . Critical Discourse Studies ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Ernanda & Mark Nartey
2025. Constructing a Discourse of Hope and Inspiration: A Positive Discourse Analysis of Joko Widodo’s Press Statements on COVID-19. Asian Studies Review 49:2 ► pp. 255 ff. DOI logo
Nartey, Mark & Richmond Sadick Ngula
2025.  An examination of delegitimation in the activist discourse of Ghana's #FixTheCountry lead convener Oliver Barker-Vormawor . Social Semiotics ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Pei, Jiamin & Jian Li
2025. Discursive constructions of cyber partnerships in the US cybersecurity policies: a diachronic corpus-assisted study. International Journal of Legal Discourse DOI logo
Bendfeldt, Luise
2024. “Isolated, apolitical and tragic”: comparing media portrayals of incel violence to violence of right-wing and Islamist perpetrators. Critical Studies on Terrorism 17:3 ► pp. 684 ff. DOI logo
Yu, Yating, Mark Nartey & Jieyu Chen
2024. A Critical Discourse Analysis of Resistance to Climate Change in China’s English-Language News Media. Asian Studies Review 48:3 ► pp. 579 ff. DOI logo
Dougez, Chloé, Anne Taillandier-Schmitt & Nicolas Combalbert
2023. The effect on judgment of attributing religious affiliation to a terrorist suspect. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 30:4 ► pp. 501 ff. DOI logo
Dougez, Chloé, Anne Taillandier-Schmitt & Nicolas Combalbert
2025. Influence of gendering and ethnicity on perceptions and stereotypes of a person accused of a terrorist act. Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression 17:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Nartey, Mark & Yating Yu
2023. A Discourse Analytic Study of #FixTheCountry on Ghanaian Twitter. Social Media + Society 9:1 DOI logo
Yu, Yating & Felicia F. Tian
2023. Leftover or Individualised? Representations of Chinese Single Womanhood in Western English-language News Media. Asian Studies Review 47:2 ► pp. 264 ff. DOI logo
Hullman, Gwen A. & Michael J. Kwiatkowski
2022. Social constructions of conflict and mediation as factors in mediation program decisions. Conflict Resolution Quarterly 39:3 ► pp. 211 ff. DOI logo
Mwinlaaru, Isaac N. & Mark Nartey
2022. ‘Free men we stand under the flag of our land’: a transitivity analysis of African anthems as discourses of resistance against colonialism. Critical Discourse Studies 19:5 ► pp. 556 ff. DOI logo
Yu, Yating
2022. Resisting Foreign Hostility in China’s English-language News Media during the COVID-19 Crisis. Asian Studies Review 46:2 ► pp. 254 ff. DOI logo
Berlin, Lawrence N.
2021. Positioning the Voices of Conflict: Language Manipulation in the Diálogos de Paz. In Discourse and Conflict, ► pp. 291 ff. DOI logo
Nartey, Mark & Aditi Bhatia
2020. Mythological heroism in the discourse of Kwame Nkrumah. World Englishes 39:4 ► pp. 581 ff. DOI logo
Nartey, Mark & Ernanda
2020. Formulating emancipatory discourses and reconstructing resistance: a positive discourse analysis of Sukarno’s speech at the first Afro-Asian conference. Critical Discourse Studies 17:1 ► pp. 22 ff. DOI logo
Ross, Andrew S. & Gwynne Mapes
2020. Food, class and ideological political affiliation: Indexical fields in the #secondcivilwarletters tweets. Language & Communication 74 ► pp. 103 ff. DOI logo
Hampl, Marek
2019. "Now is the time to root out evil" : the role of natural world metaphors in the construction of the "Us" and "Them" dichotomy. Brno studies in English :1 ► pp. [57] ff. DOI logo
Nartey, Mark
2019. ‘I shall prosecute a ruthless war on these monsters … ’: a critical metaphor analysis of discourse of resistance in the rhetoric of Kwame Nkrumah. Critical Discourse Studies 16:2 ► pp. 113 ff. DOI logo
Nartey, Mark
2020. Metaphor and Kwame Nkrumah’s construction of the unite or perish myth: a discourse-mythological analysis. Social Semiotics 30:5 ► pp. 646 ff. DOI logo
Nartey, Mark
2020. The Discourse of Nkrumaism: A Corpus-informed Study. In Corpus-based Approaches to Grammar, Media and Health Discourses [The M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series, ], ► pp. 177 ff. DOI logo
Nartey, Mark
2020. Voice, agency and identity: a positive discourse analysis of ‘resistance’ in the rhetoric of Kwame Nkrumah. Language and Intercultural Communication 20:2 ► pp. 193 ff. DOI logo
Nartey, Mark
2024. The construction of agency in the discourse of Barbados’ prime minister Mia Mottley. Journal of Language and Politics 23:1 ► pp. 45 ff. DOI logo
Ross, Andrew S & Aditi Bhatia
2019. #secondcivilwarletters from the front: Discursive illusions in a trending Twitter hashtag. New Media & Society 21:10 ► pp. 2222 ff. DOI logo
Yang, Liu & Huailin Chen
2019. Framing terrorist attacks: A multi-proximity model. International Communication Gazette 81:5 ► pp. 395 ff. DOI logo
Rasmussen, Joel
2015. ‘Should each of us take over the role as watcher?’ Attitudes on Twitter towards the 2014 Norwegian terror alert. Journal of Multicultural Discourses 10:2 ► pp. 197 ff. DOI logo
Schubert, Christoph
2014. Cognitive categorization and prototypicality as persuasive strategies. Journal of Language and Politics 13:2 ► pp. 313 ff. DOI logo
Windsor, Leah C., Nia Dowell & Art Graesser
2014. The Language of Autocrats: Leaders' Language in Natural Disaster Crises. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy 5:4 ► pp. 446 ff. DOI logo
Bhatia, Aditi
2012. The Corporate Social Responsibility Report: The Hybridization of a “Confused” Genre (2007–2011). IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 55:3 ► pp. 221 ff. DOI logo
Bhatia, Aditi
2015. Construction of discursive illusions in the ‘Umbrella Movement’. Discourse & Society 26:4 ► pp. 407 ff. DOI logo
Bhatia, Aditi
2016. “Occupy Central” and the rise of discursive illusions: a discourse analytical study . Text & Talk 36:6 ► pp. 661 ff. DOI logo
Bhatia, Aditi
2016. Discursive construction of the ‘key’ moment in the Umbrella Movement. Journal of Language and Politics 15:5 ► pp. 549 ff. DOI logo
Bhatia, Aditi & Vijay K. Bhatia
2011. Discursive Illusions in Legislative Discourse: A Socio-Pragmatic Study. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique 24:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
BHATIA, VIJAY K. & ADITI BHATIA
2011. Legal discourse across cultures and socio‐pragmatic contexts. World Englishes 30:4 ► pp. 481 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue