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Article published In: Radical Right-Wing Populism and Borders: Positioning antagonistic discourses in the (de)bounded spaces of power
Edited by Christian Lamour and Oscar Mazzoleni
[Journal of Language and Politics 23:3] 2024
► pp. 391–415

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Bordering and crisis narratives to illiberal ends

The politics of reassurance in Viktor Orbán’s Hungary

ORCiD logo with link | Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
Published online: 8 April 2024
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.23086.sza
Abstract
This paper draws lessons from security and populism studies to theorize how radical right-wing populism (RRWP) utilizes borders as a symbolic resource in crisis narratives to clearly frame an “Us” and a threatening “Them”. By analyzing the Hungarian Orbán regime’s evolving rhetoric on borders, the paper illustrates how populists employ crisis narratives not to mitigate, but exacerbate ontological insecurities, and thereby facilitate de-democratization by (re)shaping voter attitudes (cf. Homolar, Alexandra, and Ronny Scholz. 2019. “The Power of Trump-Speak: Populist Crisis Narratives and Ontological Security.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 32 (3): 344–64. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; Steele, Brent J., and Alexandra Homolar. 2019. “Ontological Insecurities and the Politics of Contemporary Populism.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 32 (3): 214–21. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar). The paper suggests that populists-in-power rely on crisis and bordering narratives beyond voter mobilization: such narratives are in fact designed to legitimize and affirm illiberal practices that undermine liberal democracy itself, and contribute to regime building. Border crises, and crisis politics, hence become a template for the manipulation of individuals’ security-of-being, and thereby a tool in the politics of reassurance and control at the broader, societal level.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Navigating the dual paradox: Vertical othering and the scalar expansion of borders
    • 2.1Rhetorical consistency through the mega-narrative “The end of the modern West”
    • 2.2Heroism, betrayal, and constant struggle
  • 3.Legitimizing illiberalism: Rule of law conditionality as political attack
    • 3.1Setting the stage: Problem and culprit identification
    • 3.2“European Empire”
    • 3.3Normalizing illiberal politics through Banal Security
  • 4.Concluding remarks
  • Notes
  • References
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