Article published In: Journal of Language and Politics
Vol. 23:2 (2024) ► pp.239–260
“Does being pretty help?”
The use of negation in debut interviews with female Israeli politicians
Published online: 27 November 2023
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.22093.coh
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.22093.coh
Abstract
The article analyzes debut interviews of female Israeli politicians, in which the interviewees are faced with
questions or statements that imply that their gender, ethnicity or background prevent them from fulfilling their function as
politicians successfully, in accordance with the “Gendered mediation thesis” (Goodyear-Grant, Elizabeth. 2013. Gendered
News: Media Coverage and Electoral Politics in Canada. Vancouver Toronto: UBS Press. ). We focus on the interviewees’ responses to these questions, and particularly on how grammatically negative
utterances are deployed in the service of coping with the presuppositions directed at them. The analysis indicates that the
negative utterances do not carry the full weight of rejection of implied presuppositions. Moreover, in some cases negative
utterances are used by the speakers as part of a hedging strategy. By describing the role of negation in debut interviews of
female Israeli politicians, the paper aims to advance a more comprehensive understanding of linguistic patterns used by women, and
other silenced groups, to cope with biased representation.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Literature review
- 2.1Female Politician Biased Representation
- 2.2Presuppositions and Negation
- 2.3Challenges in Interviews
- 3.Methodology
- 4.Analysis
- 4.1Category A – Partial acceptance of the presupposition
- 4.2Category B – Denying the Presupposition
- 5.Discussion and conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
References (51)
Adams, Michele. 2011. “Is
Family a Moral Capital Resource for Female Politicians? The Case of ABC’s Commander in
Chief”. Media, Culture &
Society 33(2): 223–241.
Atlas, Jay David. 2004. “Presupposition.” In The
Handbook of Pragmatics, ed. by Laurence R. Horn, and Gregory Ward, 29–52. Oxford: Blackwell.
Beaver, David, and Bart Geurts. 2011. “Presupposition.” In The
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. by Edward N. Zalta. Stanford: Stanford University Press. [URL]
Birkelund, Merete. 2017. “French
Negation as a Marker of (External/Internal) Polyphony”, in The
pragmatics of negation, ed. by Malin Roitman, 167–184. Amsterdam/New York: Benjamins.
Burstein, Ruth. 2021. Interrogative
and Responsive Sentences in Contemporary Hebrew: A Systematic, Semantic, and Pragmatic
Study. Mofet. (in Hebrew)
Cheryan, Sapna, Victoria Plaut, Caitlin Handron, and Lauren Hudson. 2013. “The
Stereotypical Computer Scientist: Gendered Media Representations as a Barrier to Inclusion for
Women”. Sex
roles 691: 58–71.
Cohen-Achdut, Miri. 2021. “What
is a Girl Like You Doing in a Place Like This?” – Rejection of presuppositions in female-politicians’ premiere
interviews. Language and
Society 14(1): 318–335. (in
Hebrew)
Collins, Rebecca L. 2011. “Content Analysis of Gender
Roles in Media: Where are We Now and Where Should We Go?” Sex
roles 641: 290–298.
Day, Dennis. 2008. “Being
Ascribed, and Resisting, Membership of an Ethnic
Group”. In Identities in Talk, ed.
by Charles Antaki, and Sue Widdicombe, 151–170. London: Sage.
Deppermann, Arnulf. 2014. “Don’t
Get Me Wrong”: Recipient Design by Using Negation to Constrain an Action’s
Interpretation. In Grammar and Dialogism: Sequential, Syntactic, and
Prosodic Patterns between Emergence and Sedimentation, ed. by Susanne Günther, Wolfgang Imo, and Jörg Bücker, 15–52. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Ducrot, Oswald. 1984. “Esquisse
d’une théorie polyphonique de l’enonciation.” In Le dire et le
dit, 171–233. Paris: Seuil.
Fairclough, Norman. 1992. “lntroduction”, In Critical
Language Awareness, ed. by Norman Fairclough, 1–31. London: Longman.
Gedalya, Einat, Hannah Hertzog, and Michal Shamir. 2011. “Tzip(p)ing
through the Elections: Gender in the 2009 Elections.” In The
Elections in Israel 2009, ed. by Asher Arian, and Michal Shamir, 165–194. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Givón, Talmy. 1978. “Negation
in Language: Pragmatics, Function,
Ontology.” In Pragmatics, ed.
by Peter Cole, 69–112. New York: Academic Press.
. 2001. Syntax:
an Introduction. Vol. I. John Benjamins Publishing Co. Amsterdam.
. 2005. Context
as Other Minds: The Pragmatics of Sociality, Cognition and
Communication. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
Goodyear-Grant, Elizabeth. 2013. Gendered
News: Media Coverage and Electoral Politics in Canada. Vancouver Toronto: UBS Press.
Greatbatch, David. 1998. “Conversation
Analysis: Neutralism in British News Interviews.” In Approaches to
Media Discourse, ed. by Allan Bell, and Peter Garrett, 163–185. Oxford & Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell.
Greenwald, Gilad. 2023. “Israeli
Media Coverage of International Male and Female Politicians: Gender and Ethnopolitical
Aspects.” Communications 48(2): 226–248.
Heldman, Caroline. 2009. From
Ferraro to Palin: Sexism in media coverage of vice presidential candidates. Available
at SSRN 1459865.
Heritage, John. 2002. “The
Limits of Questioning: Negative Interrogatives and Hostile Question Content.” Journal of
Pragmatics 34(10–11): 1427–1446.
. 2003. “Designing
Questions and Setting Agendas in the News Interview”. In Studies in
Language and Social Interaction: In Honor of Robert Hopper, ed. by Phillip Glenn, Curtis D. LeBaron, and Jenny Mandelbaum (eds.), 57–90. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Holahan, Carole K., and Cookie W. Stephan. 1981. “When
Beauty Isn’t Talent: The Influence of Physical Attractiveness, Attitudes Toward Women, and Competence on Impression
Formation.” Sex
Roles 71: 867–876.
Jucker, Andreas. 1986. News
Interview: A Pragmalinguistic
Analysis. Amsterdam\Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Kahn, Kim F. 1994. “The Distorted Mirror: Press
Coverage of Women Candidates for Statewide Office.” The Journal of
Politics 56(1): 154–173.
Kohn, Ayelet, and Zohar Livnat. 2019. “I
Will Read in Aramaic for the Music: Roth Calderon’s Debut Speech as Self Presentation
Performance.” Israeli Studies in Language and
Society 12 (1): 53–72.
Lachover, Einat. 2012. “Just
Being a Woman Isn’t Enough Anymore.” Feminist Media
Studies 12 (3): 442–458.
. 2020. “News
Representation of Female Parliament Candidates: Between Gender-Stereotypical and Equal
Representation.” In Gender Gaps in Israeli
Politics, ed. by Michal Shamir, Hanna Hertzog, and Naomi Chazan, 259–278. Tel- Aviv: The Van Leer Institute Press / Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing house.
Lee, Jinah. 2021. “Gender,
Politics, and the News Media in Japan.” In The International
Encyclopedia of Gender, Media, and Communication, ed. by Karren Ross, 573–577. Wiley Blackwell.
Malibert-Yatziv, Ilil, and Elda Weizman. 2016. “Given
Information: The Interface Between Pragmatic and Prosodic Features in Spoken
Hebrew.” In Studying Spoken Hebrew, ed.
by Einat Gonen, 437–452. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University. (in
Hebrew)
Miestamo, Matti. 2009. “Negation”. In Grammar,
meaning and pragmatics, ed. by Frank Brisard, Jan-Ola Östman, and Jef Verschueren, 208–229. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Muchnik, Malka. 2016. “Trying
to Change a Gender-Marked Language.” In Gender, Language and the
Periphery: Grammatical and Social Gender from the Margins, ed. by Julie Abbou, and Fabienne H. Baider, 25–46. John Benjamins.
Riba, Naama. 2022. “Blinded
by Hatred of Ashkenazim, Some in Israel Want to Rewrite
History”. Ha’aretz, August 3,
2022. [URL]
Roitman, Malin. 2014. “Presidential
Candidates’ Ethos of Credibility: The Case of the Presidential Pronoun I in the 2012 Hollande–Sarkozy
Debate.” Discourse &
Society 25(6): 741–765.
. 2017. “Negation
and Straw Man Fallacy in French Election Debates 1974- 2012”. In The
Pragmatics of Negation, ed. by Malin Roitman, 209–244. John Benjamin Publishing Company: Amsterdam.
Sadock, Jerry. 2012. “Formal
Features of Questions”. In Questions: Formal, Functional and
Interactional Perspectives, ed. by Jan P. De Ruiter, 103–122. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Shalom-Chetrit, Sami. 2004. The
Mizrahi Struggle in Israel: Between Oppression and Liberation, Identification and Alternative,
1948–2003. Am-Oved.
Shor, Leon. 2020. “Negation
in Modern Hebrew.” In Usage-based Studies in Modern Hebrew:
Background, Morpho-lexicon, and Syntax, ed. by Ruth Berman, 583–621. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle, & Karen Ross. 1996. Women
MPs and the Media: Representing the Body Politic. Parliamentary
Affairs 49 (1): 103–116.
Stalnaker, Robert. 1972. “Pragmatics.” In Semantics
of Natural Language, ed. by Donald Davidson, and Gilbert Harman, 389–408. Reidel: Dordrecht.
Talisse, Robert, and Scott F. Aikin. 2006. “Two
Forms of the Straw
Man.” Argumentation 201: 345–352.
Tottie, Gunnel. 1991. Negation
in English Speech and Writing: A Study in Variation. San Diego: Academic Press.
Van der Pas, Daphne J., and Loes Aaldering. 2020. “Gender
Differences in Political Media Coverage: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of
Communication 70(1): 114–143.
Varghese, Neema, and Navin Kumar. 2022. “Feminism
in Advertising: Irony or Revolution? A Critical Review of Femvertising.” Feminist Media
Studies 22(2): 441–459.
Walsh, Abigail, and Campbell Leaper. 2020. “A
content analysis of gender representations in preschool children’s television.” Mass
Communication and
Society 23(3): 331–355.
Weizman, Elda. 1999. “Discourse
Patterns in News Interviews on Israeli Television. In Hebrew: A
Living Language 2, ed. by Gideon Toury, and Rina Ben Shachar, 135–156. Haifa: Haifa University. (in Hebrew)
. 2008. Positioning
in Media Dialogue. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
