Article published In: The Politics of Sound: Intersections of Music, Discourse and Political Communication
Edited by Lyndon C.S. Way
[Journal of Language and Politics 18:4] 2019
► pp. 491–508
Transcending the moment
Ideology and Billy Bragg
Published online: 29 May 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.18060.pow
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.18060.pow
Abstract
Our paper argues that British singer Billy Bragg performs protest songs that cleverly draw
upon musical forms underpinning his positioning as a voice of, and for, the ordinary person, ultimately
disenfranchised by governmental adherence to neoliberal policies. While political songs are a product of their
time, many of them can also transcend that historical moment and have a longer shelf-life in terms of their
capacity to inform political thinking and action. Our song(s) of choice in this paper do so not just in terms
of the relevance of their ‘literal’ message but also in how they draw upon traditional structures of feeling
and generic elements of folk song to underpin this sense of ‘grass-roots’ critique via a modified, acoustic
ballad form and a performance style. This serves to authenticate and legitimate the singer and his message
and, in turn, allows Bragg to accumulate political and cultural capital.
Keywords: Billy Bragg, ideology, protest songs, performance
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The politics of social protest
- 3.Music and politics: Song as a mechanism of protest
- 4.Billy Bragg
- 5.Ideology & the clash of ideologies: A reading
- 6.Texts and contexts
- 7.Broadsides and ballads
- 8.Conclusions
- Notes
References
References (58)
Attali, Jacques. 1985. Noise: The Political Economy of Music. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
Auslander, Phillip. 2008. Liveness: Performance in a Mediatized Culture, 2nd edition, Abingdon, Oxon: Taylor & Francis.
Ballinger, Robin. 1995. “Sounds of Resistance.” In Sounding Off! Music as Subversion/ Resistance/Revolution. Ed. by Ron Sakolsky and Fred Wei-Han Ho, 13–28. New York: Autonomedia.
Botta, Giacomo. 2006. “Pop Music, Cultural Sensibilities and Places: Manchester 1976–1997”. In Cities and Media: Cultural Perspectives on Urban Identities in a Mediatized World. Proceedings of ESF-LiU Conference, Vedstena, Sweden, Oct. 2006, 121–25.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. London: Routledge.
Cable, Jonathan. 2016. Protest Campaigns, Media and Political Opportunities. London: Rowman and Littlefield International.
Carr, James, Martin Power, and Stephen Millar. 2017. “More than a game: football, politics and popular culture.” RTE Brainstorm, 8 November, [online] available: [URL], [Accessed 21 July 2018]
Cashell, Kieran. 2011. “More Relevance than Spotlight and Applause: Billy Bragg in the British Folk Tradition.” In Popular Music and Human Rights Volume 1: British and American Music, ed. by Ian Peddie, 5–26, Farnham: Ashgate.
Caso, Frederica, and Caitlin Hamilton. 2015. “Introduction.” In Popular Culture and World Politics: Theories, Methods, Pedagogies, ed. by Frederica Caso, and Caitlin Hamilton, 1–9. Bristol: E-International Relations Publishing.
Collins, Andrew. 2002. Still Suitable for Miners: Billy Bragg The Official Biography, (2nd edition), London: Virgin Books.
Denisoff, Serge. 1968. “Protest Movements: Class Consciousness and the Propaganda Song.” The Sociological Quarterly 9(2): 228–247.
Diamond, Larry, and Leonardo Morlino. 2016. “The quality of democracy.” In In Search of Democracy, ed. by Larry Diamond, 33–45. London: Routledge.
Dillane, Aileen, Martin Power, Amanda Haynes, and Eoin Devereux. 2018. “Introduction: Stand Up, Sing Out: The Contemporary Relevance of Protest Song.” In Songs of Social Protest: International Perspectives. ed. by Aileen Dillane, Martin Power, Eoin Devereux and Amanda Haynes. 1–10. London: Rowman and Littlefield International.
Eyerman, Ron, and Andrew Jamison. 1998. Music and Social Movements: Mobilizing Tradition in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press.
Ferrin, Monica, and Hanspeter Kriesi. 2014. Europeans’ Understandings and Evaluations of Democracy: Topline Results from Round 6 of the European Social Survey. London: European Social Survey ERIC.
Foa, Roberto, and Yascha Mounk. 2016. “The Danger of Deconsolidation: The Democratic Disconnect.” Journal of Democracy 27(3): 5–17.
Friedman, Jonathan. 2013. “Introduction.” In The Routledge History of Social Protest in Popular Music. ed. by Jonathan Friedman. xiv–xvii. New York: Routledge.
Gamson, William, and Gadi Wolfsfeld. 1993. “Movements and media as interacting systems.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 5281: 114–125.
Gramsci, Antonio. 1971. [1935]. Selections from the prison notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. New York: Int. Pubs.
Grayson, Kyle, Matt Davies, and Simon Philpott. 2009. “Pop Goes IR? Researching the Popular Culture-World Politics Continuum.” Politics 29(3): 155–163.
Griffith, Dai. 2003. “From lyric to anti-lyric: analyzing the worlds in pop song.” in Analyzing Popular Music. ed. by Allan Moore. 39–59. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Harkins, Steve, and Jairo Lugo-Ocando. 2017. Poor News: Media Discourses of Poverty in Times of Austerity. London: Rowman and Littlefield International.
Hunter, Paul, and Dan Holden. 2015. Who Governs Britain – A Profile of MPs in the 2015 Parliament. London: The Smith Institute.
Kingston, Paul, and Lionel Stanley Lewis. 1990. The high status track: Studies of Elite Schools and Stratification. New York, Suny Press.
Marron, Aileen. 2016. Print Media Framings of the Public Sector in The Irish Times and the Irish Independent during the Irish Financial Crisis: An Analysis of Discursive and Organisational Practices, University of Limerick PhD Thesis, Limerick: University of Limerick.
McLeod, Douglas. 2011. Social protest. In Oxford bibliographies. Ed. by Patricia, Moy. (para. 11) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Peddie, Ian. 2006. “Introduction.” In Popular Music and Human Rights Volume 1: British and American Music. ed. by Ian Peddie. xvi–xxiv. Farnham: Ashgate.
Piotrowska, Anna. 2013. “European Pop Music and the Notion of Protest.” In The Routledge History of Social Protest in Popular Music. ed. by Jonathan Friedman. 279–290. New York: Routledge.
Power, Martin. 2018. ““Aesthetics of Resistance”: Billy Bragg, Ideology and the Longevity of Song as Social Protest.” In Songs of Social Protest: International Perspectives. ed. by Aileen Dillane, Martin Power, Eoin Devereux and Amanda Haynes. 509–524. London: Rowman and Littlefield International.
Power, Martin, Amanda Haynes, and Eoin Devereux. 2016. “Reasonable People vs. The Sinister Fringe: Interrogating the framing of Ireland”s water charge protestors through the media politics of dissent.” Critical Discourse Studies. 13(3): 261–77.
Power, Martin, Aileen Dillane, and Eoin Devereux. 2017. ““You’ll Never Kill Our Will To Be Free”: Damien Dempsey’s ‘Colony’ as a Critique of Historical and Contemporary Colonialism.” MUSICultures 44(2): 29–52.
. 2012. “A push and a shove and the land is ours: Morrissey’s counter-hegemonic stance(s) on social class.” Critical Discourse Studies 9(4): 375–392.
Rousseau, Jean Jeaques. 1762. Of the Social Contract, or Principles of Political Law, Translated by G. D. H. Cole, [online] available: [URL], [Accessed 21 July 2017]
Stokes, Martin. 1994. “Introduction.” In Ethnicity, Identity, Music: The Musical Construction of Place. Ed. by Martin Stokes, 1–29. Oxford: Berg.
Svallfors, Stefan. 2012. Welfare attitudes in Europe: Topline Results from Round 4 of the European Social Survey. London: European Social Survey ERIC.
Turino, Thomas. 2008. Music as Social Life: The Politics of Participation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Van Leeuwen, Theo. 2012. “The critical analysis of musical discourse.” Critical Discourse Studies 9(4): 319–328.
Way, Lyndon. 2018. Popular Music and Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies: Ideology, Conrol and Resistance in Turkey since 2002. London: Bloomsbury.
Way, Lyndon, and Simon McKerrell. (eds). 2017. Music as Multimodal Discourse: Semiotics, Power and Protest. London: Bloomsbury.
