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Article published In: Democracy and Discriminatory Strategies in Parliamentary Discourse
Edited by Karin Bischof and Cornelia Ilie
[Journal of Language and Politics 17:5] 2018
► pp. 655–675

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Redescribing the Nation

Anti-Semitism as a tool of nation-building in the Hungarian Numerus Clausus debates, 1920–1928

ORCiD logo with link | University of Jyväskylä
Published online: 14 August 2018
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.18011.hak
Abstract
Boosting national spirit through projection of otherness is not a new phenomenon, at least in authoritarian regimes. Yet the role of anti-Semitism in the Numerus Clausus debates in the Hungarian parliament in 1920 and 1928 is worth deeper analysis, as it bore a peculiar role in the Hungarian interwar counterrevolutionary nation-building. The Numerus Clausus law of 1920 set ethnic quotas to university enrolment; the explicit argument for this was countering the Jewish ‘over-representation’ in Hungarian society. However, in 1928 the law was amended, abolishing (in principle) the said quotas; this time the arguments favoured national consolidation, where segregation was to be moderated. In both cases, the national elites construed and made use of nation-centred political rhetoric, but used it for differing ends in different times. This article shall analyse the debates of the Hungarian Parliament concerning the Numerus Clausus laws, especially from the viewpoints of nation-building and rhetoric of exclusion.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Sources and methodology
  • 3.Numerus Clausus of 1920 – anti-Semitism within the counterrevolutionary discourse
  • 4.From counterrevolution to consolidation – a way to the amendment in 1928
  • 5.The Amendment debate – the heyday of consolidation?
  • 6.Conclusions: The pitfalls of a ‘gentlemanly’ anti-Semitism
  • 7.Afterword: Reappearances of anti-Semitist and anti-Liberal rhetoric
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
References (34)
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