In this paper I discuss, critically, the literature on populism and the extent to which it applies to the contemporary radical right-wing parties in Europe. These parties are often – and increasingly – referred to as populist parties. I argue that it is misleading to label these parties ‘populist parties’, since populism is not the most pertinent feature of this party family. These parties are mainly defined by ethnic nationalism, and not a populist ideology. In their discourse they are primarily preoccupied with questions pertaining to national identity and national security – and their ‘negative’ doubles immigration, multiculturalism, Islamist threat – and they consistently pit ‘the people’ mainly against elites that they view as responsible for a cultural and political threat against their idealized image of their nation state. The ethnic nationalism of European radical right-wing parties is more important for their discourse and tends to influence the populist elements.
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2019. Radical right‐wing voters from right and left: Comparing Sweden Democrat voters who previously voted for the Conservative Party or the Social Democratic Party. Scandinavian Political Studies 42:3-4 ► pp. 220 ff.
Jylhä, Kirsti M., Jens Rydgren & Pontus Strimling
2022. Xenophobia among radical and mainstream right-wing party voters: prevalence, correlates and influence on party support. Ethnic and Racial Studies 45:16 ► pp. 261 ff.
Kałabunowska, Agata
2019. Recent developments on the extreme right scene in Germany and the concept of waves of political extremism. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica 47 ► pp. 5 ff.
Kranert, Michael
2019. Populist Elements in the Election Manifestoes of AfD and UKIP. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 67:3 ► pp. 265 ff.
Kranert, Michael
2024. Language in the Politics of Populism. In Encyclopedia of New Populism and Responses in the 21st Century, ► pp. 1 ff.
Kranert, Michael
2024. Language in the Politics of Populism. In Encyclopedia of New Populism and Responses in the 21st Century, ► pp. 307 ff.
Wierenga, Louis
2019. Bauska’s Chairmen: Party Leadership and Twitter Engagement in Estonian and Latvian Populist Far-Right Parties. Polish Political Science Review 7:1 ► pp. 138 ff.
De Cleen, Benjamin, Jason Glynos & Aurelien Mondon
2018. Critical research on populism: Nine rules of engagement. Organization 25:5 ► pp. 649 ff.
Fraune, Cornelia & Michèle Knodt
2018. Sustainable energy transformations in an age of populism, post-truth politics, and local resistance. Energy Research & Social Science 43 ► pp. 1 ff.
Klikauer, Thomas
2018. Alternative for Germany: Germany's new right-wing extremists. Journal of Labor and Society 21:4 ► pp. 611 ff.
Lugosi, Nicole VT
2018. Radical right framing of social policy in Hungary: between nationalism and populism. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 34:3 ► pp. 210 ff.
Nikiforova, Basia
2018. EUROPEAN POSTHUMAN BORDER IMAGE: PERFORMATIVITY, CREATIVITY AND BEYOND. Creativity Studies 11:2 ► pp. 348 ff.
Ponce, Marcelo F.
2018. Populismo, lenguaje y representación (Populism, Language, and Representation). SSRN Electronic Journal
Pytlas, Bartek
2018. Radical right politics in East and West: Distinctive yet equivalent. Sociology Compass 12:11
Runje, Leon
2018. Challenges to Democracy: The Origins of Protectionist Populism in Europe. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 16:3 ► pp. 446 ff.
Safronov, Viacheslav V.
2018. Voting for Radical Right Parties in Europe: the Role of Cultural Change and Party Polarization. Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research :6 ► pp. 15 ff.
Salo, Sanna & Jens Rydgren
2018. Politicisation of the Eurozone crisis in Finland: adaptation toward the radical right?. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 34:3 ► pp. 234 ff.
Bonikowski, Bart
2017. Ethno‐nationalist populism and the mobilization of collective resentment. The British Journal of Sociology 68:S1
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This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.
