Article published In: Journal of Language and Politics
Vol. 10:3 (2011) ► pp.372–395
“Uma revolução democrática é sempre uma revolução inacabada” — or — “A democratic revolution must always remain unfinished”
Commemorating the Portuguese 1974 revolution in newspaper opinion texts
Published online: 31 October 2011
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.10.3.04rib
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.10.3.04rib
This article analyses the discursive construction of collective memories and the function of commemorative events for national identity. It focuses on how the 30th anniversary of the Portuguese 1974 revolution was portrayed in the government’s Programme of Action issued for the 2004 commemorations and in forty-three newspaper opinion articles also published in 2004. The 1974 revolution ended a 48-year right-wing dictatorship and has shaped subsequent historical events since the 1970s. When the Programme of Action changed the 1974 slogan ‘April is revolution’ into ‘April is evolution’, the written press responded by conducting a debate on this reframing. Using the Discourse-Historical Approach in CDA as the analytical framework, this paper highlights the discursive strategies on which the government’s manifesto was built and explores the opinion articles’ ongoing political and ideological tensions over the revolution, its commemorations, and how it paved the way into Europe, by describing the main macro-discursive strategies and raising issues regarding the (mis)representation of social actors and social action.
References (27)
Aristotle. 2004. [1991]. The Art of Rhetoric (H. C. Lawson-Tancred, Trans. with Introduction and Notes). London: Penguin Books.
Benke, Gertraud and Wodak, Ruth. 2003. The Discursive Construction of Individual Memories. In: J. R. Martin & R. Wodak (eds.). Re/reading the Past: Critical and Functional Perspectives on Time and Value. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 115–138.
Billig, Michael. 2008. The language of critical discourse analysis. Discourse and Society, 19(6), 783–800.
Cerezales, Diego Palacies. 2003. Revolução e Democracia, vol. 2, O País em Revolução. Análise Social, xxxviii (Outono), 879–886.
De Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., and Wodak, R. (1999). Thediscursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173.
Figueiras, Rita. (2008). AAgenda dos Comentadores e a “Política Nacional” nos Artigos de Opinião. Observatório (OBS*) Journal, 51, 245–262.
Mattos-Parreira, Merja. 2002. Reader’s identity construction of the Portuguese “Carnation Revolution” (1974) in the Anglo-Portuguese News. Conference Proceedings. Actas — XXI Encontro da APEAA, Viseu, Portugal, 147–160.
Mendes, José Manuel. 2001. A violência da pureza: A identidade açoriana no discurso jornalístico regional (1974–1975). In: M. Ramalho and A. Ribeiro (eds.). Entre Ser e Estar. Sta. Maria da Feira: Afrontamento, 539–576.
Oberhuber, Florian, Bärenreuter, Christoph, Krzyzanowski, Michal, Schönbauer, Heinz and Wodak, Ruth. 2005. Debating the European Constitution: on Representations of Europe / the EU in the Press. Journal of Language and Politics, 4(2), 227–271.
Rapp, Christof. 2010. Aristotle’s Rhetoric. In: E. N. Zalta (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy URL=<[URL]>.
Reisigl, Martin and Wodak, Ruth. 2009. The discourse-historical approach (DHA). In: R. Wodak and M. Meyer (eds.). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (2nd revised ed.). London: Sage.
Ribeiro, Filipa Perdigão. 2010. The discursive construction of Portuguese national identity in the media thirty years after the 1974 revolution. Unpublished PhD thesis. Lancaster: Lancaster University.
Ribeiro, Margarida Calafate. 2004. Uma História de Regressos — Império, Guerra Colonial e Póscolonialismo. Porto: Afrontamento.
Van Dijk, Teun A. 1998. Opinion and ideologies in the press. In Allan Bell and Peter Garrett (eds.), Approaches to Media Discourse, 211–63. Oxford: Blackwell.
Van Eemeren, Frans H., Grootendorst, Rob and Kruiger, Tjark. 1987. Handbook of Argumentation Theory. Dordrecht-Holland: Providence Foris.
Van Leeuwen Theo. 2000. The construction of purpose in discourse. In: S. Sarangi and M. Coulthard (eds.). Discourse and Social Life. London: Longman, 66–81.
Van Leeuwen, Theo. 2008. Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Oxford: OUP.
Van Leeuwen, Theo and Wodak, Ruth. 1999. Legitimizing immigration control: a discoursehistorical analysis. Discourse Studies, 1(1), 83–118.
Wodak, Ruth. 2001. The discourse-historical approach. In: R. Wodak and M. Meyer (eds.). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage, 61–94.
. 2006. Discourse-analytic and Socio-linguistic Approaches to Study of Nation(alism). In: G. Delanty and K. Kumar (eds.). The Sage Handbook of Nations and Nationalism. London: Sage, 104–117.
Wodak, Ruth and de Cillia, Rudolph. 2007. Commemorating the past: the discursive construction of official narratives about the ‘Rebirth of the Second Austrian Republic’. Discourse and Communication, 1(2), 337–363.
Wodak, Ruth, de Cillia, Rudolph, Reisigl, Martin and Liebhart, Karin. 2009. The Discursive Construction of National Identity (A. Hirsh, R. Mitten & J. W. Unger, Trans. 2nd ed.). Edinburgh: EUP.
Wodak, Ruth and Richardson, John E. 2009. On the politics of remembering (or not). Critical Discourse Studies, 6(4), 231–235.
Working Report No.8. 2007. Públicos de Media em Portugal. Obercom — Observatório da Comunicação, Lisboa.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Baumgarten, Britta
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
