Article published In: Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict
Vol. 2:1 (2014) ► pp.74–98
Striving to make the difference
Linguistic devices of moral indignation
Published online: 21 July 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.2.1.03mou
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.2.1.03mou
The present paper discusses issues of language aggression, conflict and identity, and of emotional communication and conflict. In particular, it explores different positionings of deviant identity as projected by a number of juvenile delinquents through the display of moral indignation (Ochs et al. 1989; Günthner 1995), at moments of crisis and conflictual relationships between them. Moral indignation is expressed through the co-occurrence of a number of linguistic and discursive devices, such as hypothetical examples and personal analogies (Günthner 1995; Kakavá 2002), prosodic features, implicit or explicit moral judgments (Günthner 1995), or non-literal threats. These devices are employed in interaction in order to construct opposing moral versions of identities. The paper argues for a tight interweaving between moral indignation, affect, identity indexing, and moral positioning. It further argues that displays of indignation are powerful interactional devices of conflict management and control of the moral and social order and of social relationships.
Keywords: moral indignation, Conflict and identity, affect, juvenile delinquents
References (64)
Adelswärd, Viveka, Jana Holsanova, and Victoria Wibeck. 2002. “Virtual Talk as a Communicative Resource: Explorations in the Field of Gene Technology.” Sprachtheorie und Germanistische Linguistik 12(1):3-26.
Angouri, Jo, and Theodora Tseliga. 2010. “‘You Have No Idea What You Are Talking About’: From e-disagreement to e-impoliteness in two Online Fora.” Journal of Politeness Research 6(1):57-82.
Atkinson, Maxwell J., and John C. Heritage (eds.). 1984. Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. 1981. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin, edited by Michael E. Holquist, translated by Caryl Emerson and Michael E. Holquist. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Bamberg, Michael. 1997. “Emotion talk(s). The Role of Perspective in the Construction of Emotions”. In The Language of Emotions edited by Suzanne Niemeier and René Dirven. 209-225. Amsterdam: John Benjamin.
Benwell, Bethan, and Elizabeth Stokoe. 2006. Discourse and Identity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Blanco Salgueiro, Antonio. 2010. “Promises, Threats, and the Foundations of Speech Act Theory.” Pragmatics 20(2):213-228.
Boutet, Josiane, and Monica Heller. 2007. “Enjeux sociaux de la sociolinguistique: Pour une sociolinguistique critique.” Langage et Société 121/1221:305-318.
Bucholtz, Mary, and Kira Hall. 2008. “All of the above: New Coalitions in Sociocultural Linguistics”. Journal of Sociolinguistics 12(4):401-431.
Couper-Kuhlen, Elisabeth. 2012. “Exploring Affiliation in the Reception of Conversational Complaint Stories.” In Emotion in Interaction, edited by Marja-Leena Sorjonen and Anssi Peräkylä, 113-146. Oxford: Oxford University.
Corsaro, William A., and Douglas W. Maynard. 1996. “Format Tying in Discussion and Argumentation among Italian and American Children.” In Social Interaction, Social Context and Language: Essays in Honor of Susan Ervin-Tripp, edited by Dan Isaac Slobin, Julie Gerhardt, Amy Kyratzis, and Jiansheng Guo, 157-174. Mahwah NJ.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Drew, Paul. 1998. “Complaints about Transgressions and Misconduct.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 31(3-4):295-325.
Edwards, Derek. 2000. “Extreme Case Formulations: Softeners, Investment, and Doing Nonliteral.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 33(4):347-373.
Georgakopoulou, Alexandra. 2001. “Arguing about the Future: On Indirect Disagreements in Conversations.” Journal of Pragmatics 331:1881-1900.
Goodwin, Charles. 2006. “Retrospective and Prospective Orientation in the Construction of Argumentative Moves.” Text & Talk 26(4/5):443-461.
Goodwin, Marjorie H. 1990. He-Said-She-Said. Talk as Social Organization among Black Children. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Goodwin, Marjorie H., and Charles Goodwin. 2000. “Emotion within Situated Activity.” In Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader, edited by Alessandro Duranti, 239-257. Malden, MA/Oxford: Blackwell.
Goodwin, Marjorie Harness, Asta Cekaite, and Charles Goodwin. 2012. “Emotion as Stance.” In Emotion in Interaction, edited by Marja-Leena Sorjonen, and Anssi Peräkylä, 16-41. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Günthner, Susanne. 1995. “Exemplary Stories: The Cooperative Construction of Indignation.” Versus70/71:147-175.
. 1996. “The Prosodic Contextualization of Moral Work: An Analysis of Reproaches in ‘Why’-formats.” In Prosody in Conversation, edited by Elisabeth Couper-Kuhlen and Margret Selting, 271-302. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 1997. “Complaint Stories: Constructing Emotional Reciprocity among Women.” In Communicating Gender in Context, edited by Helga Kotthoff and Ruth Wodak, 179-218. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
. [1998] 1999. “Polyphony and the ‘Layering of Voices’ in Reported Dialogues: An Analysis of the Use of Prosodic Devices in Everyday Reported Speech.” Journal of Pragmatics 311:685-708.
Hepburn, Alexa, and Jonathan Potter. 2011. “Threats: Power, Family Mealtimes, and Social Influence. British Journal of Social Psychology 501:99-120.
Hirschon, Renée. 1992. “Greek Adults Verbal Play, or How to Train for Caution.” Journal of Modern Greek Studies 101:35-56.
Holt, Elizabeth. 1996. “Reporting on Talk: The Use of Direct Reported Speech in Conversation.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 29(3):219-245.
. 2000. “Reporting and Reacting: Concurrent Responses to Reported Speech.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 33(4):425-454.
Irvine, Judith. 1996. “Shadow Conversations: The Indeterminacy of Participant Roles.” In Natural Histories of Discourse, edited by Michael Silverstein and Greg Urban, 131-159. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Jaffe, Alexandra. 2009. “Introduction: The Sociolinguistics of Stance.” In Stance: Sociolinguistic Perspectives, edited by Alexandra Jaffe, 3-28. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jørgensen, Marianne, and Louise J. Phillips. 2002.Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method. London: Sage.
Kakavá, Christina. 1993. “Negotiation of Disagreement by Greeks in Conversations and Classroom Discourse.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
. 2002. “Opposition in Modern Greek Discourse: Cultural and Contextual Constraints.” Journal of Pragmatics 341:1537-1568.
Leung, Santoi. 2002. “Conflict Talk: A Discourse Analytical Perspective.” Teachers College Columbia University Working Papers in TESOL & Applied Linguistics 2(2):1-19. [URL]
Locher, Miriam. 2004. Power and Politeness in Action: Disagreements in Oral Communication. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Maynard, Senko K. 2002. Linguistic Emotivity: Centrality of Place, the Topic-Comment Dynamic, and Ideology of Pathos in Japanese Discourse. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Morson, Gary Saul, and Caryl Emerson. 1990. Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Ochs, Elinor, Ruth Smith, and Carolyn Taylor. 1989. “Detective Stories at Dinnertime: Problem-Solving Through Co-Narration.” Cultural Dynamics 21:238-257.
Peräkylä, Anssi. 2012. “Epilogue: What Does the Study of Interaction Offer to Emotion Research?” In Emotion in Interaction, edited by Marja-Leena Sorjonen and Anssi Peräkylä, 274-289. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Peräkylä, Anssi, and Marja-Leena Sorjonen (eds.). 2012. Emotion in Interaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Petraki, Eleni. 2005. “Disagreement and Opposition in Multigenerational Interviews with Greek-Australian Mothers and Daughters.” Text 25(2):269-303.
Pomerantz, Anita. 1986. “Extreme Case Formulations: A Way of Legitimizing Claims.” Human Studies 91:219-229.
Reber, Elisabeth. 2012. Affectivity in Interaction: Sound Objects in English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Searle, John R. 1975. “A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts.” In Language, Mind and Knowledge, edited by Keith Gunderson, 344-369. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Selting, Margret. 2010. “Affectivity in Conversational Storytelling: An Analysis of Displays of Anger or Indignation in Complaint Stories.” Pragmatics 20(2):229-277.
Stokoe, Elizabeth. 2003. “Mothers, Single Women and Sluts: Gender, Morality and Membership Categorization in Neighbour Disputes.” Feminism & Psychology 13(3):317-344.
Stokoe, Elizabeth, and Derek Edwards. 2007. “‘Black this, Black that’: Racial Insults and Reported Speech in Neighbour Complaints and Police Interrogations.” Discourse & Society 181:337-372.
. 1989. Talking Voices: Repetition, Dialogue, and Imagery in Conversational Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tsitsipis, Lukas D. 2007. “Bilingualism, Praxis and Linguistic Description.” In Bilingualism: A Social Approach, edited by Monica Heller, 277-296. London and New York: Palgrave, Macmillan.
Voloshinov, Vladimir. [1929] 1973. Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Cited by (11)
Cited by 11 other publications
Myrendal, Jenny & Staffan Larsson
Raimondi, Giulia, James Dawe, Fabio Alivernini, Sara Manganelli, Pierluigi Diotaiuti, Laura Mandolesi, Michele Zacchilli, Fabio Lucidi & Elisa Cavicchiolo
Valūnaitė-Oleškevičienė, Giedrė, Linas Selmistraitis, Andrius Utka & Dangis Gudelis
Haugh, Michael
Blitvich, Pilar Garcés-Conejos & Dániel Z. Kádár
Bou-Franch, Patricia
2021. “Maleducados/Ill-mannered”during the #A28 political campaign on Twitter. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 9:2 ► pp. 271 ff.
Bou-Franch, Patricia
Warren, Amber N. & Jessica Nina Lester
Petrovic, Jelena
2017. Conditional support for territorial migrations in Serbian national discourse. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 5:2 ► pp. 205 ff.
Sissons, Helen & Philippa K. Smith
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
