Article published In: Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education
Vol. 4:2 (2016) ► pp.144–167
Conceptualizing and investigating teachers’ knowledge for integrating content and language in content-based instruction
Published online: 16 September 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/jicb.4.2.01mor
https://doi.org/10.1075/jicb.4.2.01mor
One of the most challenging issues in all types of content-based instruction is teachers’ perceived lack of pedagogical content knowledge necessary for effective content and language integration. This is linked to a lack of adequate provision for teacher preparation in these programs. This article draws on and adapts work from the wider educational field which updates and respecifies the construct of pedagogical content knowledge. This work is used to conceptualize and provide tools for the empirical analysis of the types of knowledge required for content and language integration in the everyday tasks of teaching in content-based instruction programs. Illustrative analyses from one teacher’s practices are presented. It is argued that the combination of a conceptual, heuristic framework and grounded, situated analysis can provide a foundation for a deeper understanding of content and language integration and tools for the organization of teacher education curricula in content-based instruction programs.
References (23)
Baecher, L., Farnsworth, T., & Ediger, A. (2014). The challenges of planning language objectives in content-based ESL instruction. Language Teaching Research, 18(1), 118–136.
Ball, D.L., Thames, M.H., & Phelps, G.C. (2008). Content knowledge for teaching: What makes it special? Journal of Teacher Education, 59(5), 389–407.
Berry, A., Loughran, J., & van Driel, J.H. (2008). Revisiting the roots of pedagogical content knowledge. International Journal of Science Education, 30(10), 1271–1279.
Cammarata, L., & Tedick, D.J. (2012). Balancing content and language in instruction: The experience of immersion teachers, The Modern Language Journal, 96(2), 251–269.
Cenoz, J. (2015). Content-based instruction and content and language integrated learning: The same or different? Language, Culture and Curriculum, 28(1), 8–24.
Cenoz, J., Genesee, F., & Gorter, D. (2014). Critical analysis of CLIL: Taking stock and looking forward. Applied Linguistics, 35(3), 243–262.
Hodgen, J. (2011). Knowing and identity: A situated theory of mathematics knowledge in teaching. In T. Rowland & K. Ruthven (Eds.), Mathematical knowledge in teaching (pp. 27–42). Dordrecht: Springer/Kluwer.
Hüttner, J., Dalton-Puffer, C., & Smit, U. (2013). The power of beliefs: Lay theories and their influence on the implementation of CLIL programmes. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(3), 267–284.
Kelle, U. (2005). “Emergence” vs. “forcing” of empirical data: A crucial problem of “grounded theory” reconsidered. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 61. Retrieved from [URL]
Korthagen, F.A.J. (2010). Situated learning theory and the pedagogy of teacher education: Towards an integrative view of teacher behaviour and teacher learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(1), 98–106.
Lin, A.M.Y. (2015). Conceptualising the potential role of L1 in CLIL. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 28(1), 74–89.
Loughran, J., Mulhall, P., & Berry, A. (2004). In search of pedagogical content knowledge in science: Developing ways of articulating and documenting professional practice. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41(4), 370–391.
Love, K. (2009). Literacy pedagogical content knowledge in secondary teacher education: Reflecting on oral language and learning across the disciplines. Language and Education, 23(6), 541–560.
Lyster, R. (2007). Learning and teaching languages through content: A counterbalanced approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Moore, P., & Lorenzo, F. (2007). Adapting authentic materials for CLIL classrooms: An empirical study. VIEWZ: Vienna English Working Papers, 161, 28–35. Retrieved from [URL]
Mortimer, E.F., & Scott, P.H. (2003). Meaning making in secondary science classrooms. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.
Pérez Cañado, M.L. (2014). Teacher training needs for bilingual education: In-service teacher perceptions. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 19(3), 266–295.
Richards, K. (2006). ‘Being the teacher’: Identity and classroom conversation. Applied Linguistics, 27(1), 51–77.
Shulman, L. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 571, 1–22.
Speer, N.M. (2005). Issues of methods and theory in the study of mathematics teachers’ professed and attributed beliefs. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 58(3), 361–391.
Cited by (59)
Cited by 59 other publications
Bunch, George C., Benjamin M. James & Nora W. Lang
Custodio-Espinar, Magdalena, Silvia Corral-Robles & José Luis Ortega-Martín
Nyqvist, Eeva-Liisa, Anne-Maj Åberg & Siv Björklund
2025. Immersion teachers’ perspective on grammar instruction in language immersion in Finland. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 13:1 ► pp. 164 ff.
Ní Dhuinnín, Sarah, TJ Ó Ceallaigh & Sylvaine Ní Aogáin
2025. Exploring immersion competencies in secondary education. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 13:1 ► pp. 138 ff.
Ruíz, Pedro, Susana Matos-Kruck & Aída Nevárez-La Torre
Tai, Tzu-Yu
Tay, Poh Ling Linda, Lay Hoon Seah & Terence Titus Chia
Yeo, Marie Alina & Jonathan Mark Newton
Ballinger, Susan, Laurent Cammarata, Marianne Barker & Lana Zeaiter
Banegas, Darío Luis & Rodrigo Arellano
de Boer, Mark Antony & Dmitri Leontjev
Domke, Lisa M. & María A. Cerrato
Domke, Lisa M., Laura A. May, Melody Kung, Lauren Coleman, Michael Vo & Gary E. Bingham
Huang, Yi-Ping
Huang, Yi-Ping
Kim, Sujin & Jung Yeon Park
Kim, Sujin, Jung Yeon Park & Manqian Zhao
Mocanu, Vasilica & Alexandra Vraciu
Mönch, Corinna & Silvija Markic
Ní Dhiorbháin, Aisling, Sylvaine Ní Aogáin & Pádraig Ó Duibhir
Rutgers, Dieuwerke
Goodspeed, Lauren, Kate Paesani, Mandy Menke & Helena Ruf
Gülşen, Erhan & Kenan Dikilitaş
2023. (Re)construction of teacher identities in a soft-CLIL context. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 11:2 ► pp. 204 ff.
İnci Kavak, Vildan & Yasemin Kırkgöz
Ruiz-Cecilia, Raúl, Leopoldo Medina-Sánchez & Antonio-Manuel Rodríguez-García
Scherzinger, Luisa & Taiga Brahm
Bunch, George C.
Lo, Yuen Yi & Constant Leung
Seah, Lay Hoon, Rita Elaine Silver & Mark Charles Baildon
Tedick, Diane J.
2022. Looking back and looking forward. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 10:2 ► pp. 400 ff.
Nyqvist, Eeva-Liisa & Therese Lindström Tiedemann
Seah, Lay Hoon
Troyan, Francis John, Nicole King & Ahmed Bramli
Doiz, Aintzane & David Lasagabaster
Lo, Yuen Yi
Lo, Yuen Yi
Lo, Yuen Yi
Seah, Lay Hoon & Rita Elaine Silver
Seah, Lay Hoon & Rita Elaine Silver
Vu, Thi Thanh Nha
Custodio Espinar, Magdalena
Custodio-Espinar, Magdalena
Hernández, Anita, Sylvia Bonscher, Patricia Recio, Johanna Esquivel & Melissa Hererra
Lindahl, Kristen & Kathryn I. Henderson
2019. The intersection of language ideologies and language awareness among in-service teachers of emergent
bilinguals. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 7:1 ► pp. 61 ff.
Lo, Yuen Yi & Angel M. Y. Lin
Lo, Yuen Yi & Angel M. Y. Lin
Lo, Yuen Yi & Angel M. Y. Lin
2019. Teaching, learning and scaffolding in CLIL science classrooms. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 7:2 ► pp. 151 ff.
Lo, Yuen Yi & Angel M. Y. Lin
2021. Teaching, learning and scaffolding in CLIL science classrooms. In Teaching, Learning and Scaffolding in CLIL Science Classrooms [Benjamins Current Topics, 115], ► pp. 1 ff.
Cammarata, Laurent & Martine Cavanagh
2018. In search of immersion teacher educators’ knowledge base. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 6:2 ► pp. 189 ff.
Cammarata, Laurent & Martine Cavanagh
2020. In search of immersion teacher educators’ knowledge base. In Teacher Development for Immersion and Content-Based Instruction [Benjamins Current Topics, 110], ► pp. 39 ff.
Cammarata, Laurent & T. J. Ó Ceallaigh
2018. Teacher education and professional development for immersion and content-based instruction. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 6:2 ► pp. 153 ff.
Cammarata, Laurent & T. J. Ó Ceallaigh
2020. Teacher education and professional development for immersion and content-based instruction. In Teacher Development for Immersion and Content-Based Instruction [Benjamins Current Topics, 110], ► pp. 1 ff.
Kampen, Evelyn van, Tessa Mearns, Jacobiene Meirink, Wilfried Admiraal & Amanda Berry
Morton, Tom
Tedick, Diane J. & Caleb Zilmer
2018. Teacher perceptions of immersion professional development experiences emphasizing language-focused content
instruction. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 6:2 ► pp. 269 ff.
Tedick, Diane J. & Caleb Zilmer
2020. Teacher perceptions of immersion professional development experiences emphasizing language-focused content
instruction. In Teacher Development for Immersion and Content-Based Instruction [Benjamins Current Topics, 110], ► pp. 119 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
