Evolution of User-generated Translation: Fansubs, Translation Hacking and Crowdsourcing

O'Hagan, Minako

doi:10.1075/jial.1.04hag

Article published In: The Journal of Internationalization and Localization
Vol. 1 (2009) ► pp.94–121

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Evolution of User-generated Translation

Fansubs, Translation Hacking and Crowdsourcing

Minako O'Hagan | School of Applied Language and Intercultural Studies, Dublin City University

Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Published online: 26 May 2015

https://doi.org/10.1075/jial.1.04hag

Most conspicuous initially with Japanese anime fansubs, fan-based translation has been developing since the 1980s. In the advent of widespread availability of Web 2.0 platforms, fan translation has become a global phenomenon despite its dubious legal status. Extending the emerging interest in fansubs and scanlation in translation studies to the little discussed translation hacking by video game fans, this article brings readers‘ attention to participatory culture manifest in user-generated content in the field of translation and localisation. The article describes the evolution from unsolicited fan translation to solicited community translation now called crowdsourcing and considers them in the framework of user-generated translation (UGT). The article provides interdisciplinary perspectives, drawing on insights from media and game studies to address UGT which could profoundly impact the profession of translation and localisation as new technological environments unleash the technical competence, genre-knowledge and unparalleled devotion of the otherwise untrained Internet crowd as translators.

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