Cover not available

Article published In:
[Journal of Historical Pragmatics 16:1] 2015
► pp. 59–85

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
authorization required

Grammaticalization or pragmaticalization of discourse markers?

More than a terminological issue

 | Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
 | Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Published online: 3 April 2015
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.16.1.03deg
Discourse markers are a crucial component of natural language, which is why a description and account of their diachronic evolution must be part of our linguistic models. However, researchers have different views on whether this evolution should be accounted for in terms of grammaticalization and/or pragmaticalization. In this paper, we provide a structured overview of the accounts given for the diachronic evolution of DMs. It is shown that the different positions encountered in the literature can be brought back to diverging views on the conceptualization of grammar, the categorization of discourse markers, and the weight that is put on specific processes involved in the diachronic change. We provide case studies for each of the positions that we present and discuss.
References (97)
Ahn, Mikyung. 2010. “From ‘Favor’ to ‘Cause’: The English Causal Adposition thanks to and its Korean Counterpart tekpwuney ”. Language Sciences 32 (5): 579–87. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aijmer, Karin. 1997. “ I think: An English Modal Particle”. In Toril Swan and Olaf Jansen Westvik (eds), Modality in Germanic Languages. Historical and Comparative Perspective, 1–47. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aijmer, Karin and Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen. 2011. “Pragmatic Markers”. In Jan Zienkowski, Jan-Ola Östman and Jef Verschueren (eds), Discursive Pragmatics, 223–47. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(eds). 2006. Pragmatic Markers in Contrast. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Andersen, Hanne Leth. 2007. “Marqueurs discursifs propositionnels”. Langue Francaise 1541: 13–28. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ariel, Mira. 2008. Pragmatics and Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2010. Defining Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Arroyo, José Luis Blas. 2011. “From Politeness to Discourse Marking: The Process of Pragmaticalization of muy bien in Vernacular Spanish”. Journal of Pragmatics 43 (3): 855–74. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar and Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen. 2002. “On the Final though: A Case of Grammaticalization?” In Ilse Wischer and Gabriele Diewald (eds), New Reflections on Grammaticalization, 345–61. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Beijering, Karin. 2012. Expressions of Epistemic Modality in Mainland Scandinavian; A Study into the Lexicalization-Grammaticalization-Pragmaticalization Interface. (Groningen Dissertations in Linguistics 106). Zutphen: Wöhrmann Print Service. Available online at: [URL] (accessed 10 September 2013).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boye, Kasper and Peter Harder. 2012. “A Usage-based Theory of Grammatical Status and Grammaticalization”. Language 88 (1): 1–44. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brinton, Laurel J. 1996. Pragmatic Markers in English: Grammaticalization and Discourse Function. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2001. “From Matrix Clause to Pragmatic Marker: The History of look-Forms”. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 2 (2): 177–99. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2006. “Pathways in the Development of Pragmatic Markers in English”. In Ans van Kemenade and Bettelou Los (eds), The Handbook of the History of English, 307–34. London: Blackwell. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2010. “The Development of I mean: Implications for the Study of Historical Pragmatics”. In Susan M. Fitzmaurice and Irma Taavitsainen (eds), Methods in Historical Pragmatics, 37–80. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brinton, Laurel J. and Elizabeth Closs Traugott. 2005. Lexicalization and Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Callies, Marcus. 2012. “The Grammaticalization and Pragmaticalization of Cleft Constructions in Present-Day English”. In Sebastian Hoffmann, Paul Rayson and Geoffrey Leech (eds), English Corpus Linguistics: Looking Back, Moving Forward, 5–21. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Campbell, Lyle. 2001. “What’s Wrong with Grammaticalization?” Language Sciences 23 (2–3): 113–61. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chang, Miao-Hsia. 2008. “Discourse and Grammaticalization of Contrastive Markers in Taiwanese Southern Min: A Corpus-Based Study”. Journal of Pragmatics 40 (12): 2114–49. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Claridge, Claudia and Leslie Arnovick. 2010. “Pragmaticalisation and Discursisation”. In Andreas H. Jucker and Irma Taavitsainen (eds), Historical Pragmatics (Handbook of Pragmatics, Vol. 8), 165–92. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Croft, William A. 2001. Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Degand, Liesbeth. 2001. Form and Function of Causation: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation of Causal Constructions in Dutch. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Degand, Liesbeth and Benjamin Fagard. 2011. “ Alors between Discourse and Grammar. The Role of Syntactic Position”. Functions of Language 18 (1): 29–56. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2012. “Competing Connectives in the Causal Domain: French car and parce que ”. Journal of Pragmatics 44 (1): 154–68. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Degand, Liesbeth, Bert Cornillie and Paola Pietrandrea. 2013. “Discourse Markers and Modal Particles: Two Sides of the Same Coin?” In Liesbeth Degand, Bert Cornillie and Paola Pietrandrea (eds), Discourse Markers and Modal Particles. Categorization and Description, 1–18. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Degand, Liesbeth and Henk Pander Maat. 2003. “A Contrastive Study of Dutch and French Causal Connectives on the Speaker Involvement Scale”. In Arie Verhagen and Jeroen van de Weijer (eds), Usage-based Approaches to Dutch, 175–99. Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Degand, Liesbeth and Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen. 2011. “Introduction: Grammaticalization and (Inter)subjectification of Discourse Markers”. Linguistics 49 (2): 287–94. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dér, Csilla Ilona. 2010. “On the Status of Discourse Markers”. Acta Linguistica Hungarica 57 (1): 3–28. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Diewald, Gabriele. 2006. “Discourse Particles and Modal Particles as Grammatical Elements”. In Kerstin Fischer (ed.), Approaches to Discourse Particles, 403–25. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2011a. “Grammaticalization and Pragmaticalization”. In Heiko Narrog and Bernd Heine (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization, 450–61. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2011b. “Pragmaticalization (Defined) as Grammaticalization of Discourse Functions”. Linguistics 49 (2): 365–90. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dostie, Gaétane. 2004. Pragmaticalization et Marqueurs Discursifs. Analyse Sémantique et Traitement Lexicographique. Brussels: De Boeck. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Erman, Britt and Ulla-Britt Kotsinas. 1993. “Pragmaticalization: The Case of ba’ and you know ”. Studier i Modern Språkvetenskap 101: 76–93.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Evers-Vermeul, Jacqueline. 2005. The Development of Dutch Connectives. Change and Acquisition as Windows on Form-Function Relations. PhD Thesis. Utrecht University. Utrecht: LOT. Available online at: [URL] (accessed 10 September 2013).
Evers, Jacqueline, Liesbeth Degand, Benjamin Fagard and Liesbeth Mortier. 2011. “Historical and Comparative Perspectives on Subjectification: A Corpus-based Analysis of Dutch and French Causal Connectives”. Linguistics 49 (2): 445–78.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fischer, Kerstin (ed.). 2006. Approaches to Discourse Particles. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fitzmaurice, Susan. 2004. “Subjectivity, Intersubjectivity and the Historical Construction of Interlocutor Stance: From Stance Markers to Discourse Markers”. Discourse Studies 6 (4): 427–48. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Frank-Job, Barbara. 2006. “A Dynamic–Interactional Approach to Discourse Markers”. In Kerstin Fischer (ed.), Approaches to Discourse Particles, 395–413. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fraser, Bruce. 1999. “What are Discourse Markers?” Journal of Pragmatics31 (7): 931–52. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1991. “The Evolution of Dependent Clause Morpho-Syntax in Biblical Hebrew”. In Elizabeth Closs Traugott and Bernd Heine (eds), Approaches to Grammaticalization, Volume II: Types of Grammatical Markers, 257–310. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goldberg, Adele. 1995. Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Günthner, Susanne and Katrin Mutz. 2004. “Grammaticalization vs. Pragmaticalization? The Development of Pragmatic Markers in German and Italian”. In Walter Bisang, Nikolaus Himmelmann and Björn Wiemer (eds), What Makes Grammaticalization? A Look from Its Fringes and Its Components, 77–107. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110197440Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2008. Particles at the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface: Synchronic and Diachronic Issues; A Study with Special Reference to the French Phasal Adverbs. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Haselow, Alexander. 2011. “Discourse Marker and Modal Particle: The Functions of Utterance-Final then in Spoken English”. Journal of Pragmatics 43 (14): 3603–23. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hasselgård, Hilde, Stig Johansson, Bergljot Behrens and Cathrine Fabricius-Hansen (eds). 2002. Information Structure in a Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd. 2003. “Grammaticalization”. In Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda (eds), Handbook of Historical Linguistics, 575–601. Oxford: Blackwell. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2013. “On Discourse Markers: Grammaticalization, Pragmaticalization, or Something Else?” Linguistics 51 (6): 1205–47. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd, Ulrike Claudi and Friederike Hünnemeyer. 1991. Grammaticalization. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd, Gunther Kaltenböck, Tania Kuteva and Haiping Long. 2013. “An Outline of Discourse Grammar”. In Shannon Bischoff and Carmen Jany (eds), Functional Approaches to Language, 155–96. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. 2004. “Lexicalization and Grammaticization: Opposite or Orthogonal?” In Walter Bisang, Nikolaus Himmelmann and Björn Wiemer (eds), What Makes Grammaticalization? A Look from Its Fringes and Its Components, 21–42. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110197440Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hopper, Paul J. 1991. “On Some Principles of Grammaticization”. In Elizabeth Closs Traugott and Bernd Heine (eds), Approaches to Grammaticalization, Volume I, Focus on Theoretical and Methodological Issues, 17–35. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (ed.). 2000. Studies in Descriptive and Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hopper, Paul J. and Elizabeth Closs Traugott. 2003 [1993]. Grammaticalization. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hyun-Oak Kim, Alan. 2011. “Rhetorical Questions as Catalyst in Grammaticalization: Deriving Korean Discourse Marker ketun from Conditional Connective”. Journal of Pragmatics 43 (4): 1023–41. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Joseph, Brian D. 2001. “Is There such a Thing as Grammaticalization?” Language Sciences 231: 163–86. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2004. “Rescuing Traditional (Historical) Linguistics from Grammaticalization Theory”. In Olga Fischer, Muriel Norde and Harry Perridon (eds), Up and Down the Cline: The Nature of Grammaticalization, 45–71. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kaltenböck, Gunther, Bernd Heine and Tania Kuteva. 2011. “On Thetical Grammar”. Studies in Language 35 (4): 848–93. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Koops, Christian and Arne Lohmann. 2013. “Discourse Marker Sequencing and Grammaticalization”. In Maria-Jose López-Couso et al. (eds), English Corpus Linguistics on the Move: Applications and Implications (Book of Abstracts ICAME 34), 126–8. Available online at: [URL] (accessed 10 September 2013).
Langacker, Ronald W. 2008. Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lehmann, Christian. 1985. “Grammaticalization: Synchronic Variation and Diachronic Change”. Lingua e stile 201: 303–18.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1995 [1982]. Thoughts on Grammaticalization: A Programmatic Sketch. 2nd edn. (First published as Arbeiten des Kölner Universalien-Projekt 48. Köln: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität.) Munich: Lincom Europa.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lenker, Ursala. 2000. “ Soþlice and witodlice: Discourse Markers in Old English”. In Olga Fischer, Anette Rosenbach and Dieter Stein (eds), Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English, 229–49. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lewis, Diana M. 2007. “From Temporal to Contrastive and Causal: The Emergence of Connective after all ”. In Agnès Celle and Ruth Huart (eds), Connectives as Discourse Landmarks, 89–99. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2011. “A Discourse-Constructional Approach to the Emergence of Discourse Markers in English”. Linguistics 49 (2): 415–43. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Marchello-Nizia, Christiane. 2009. “Grammaticalisation et pragmaticalisation des connecteurs de concession en français: cependant, toutefois, pourtant”. Revue Roumaine de Linguistique 54 (1–2): 7–20.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Méndez-Naya, Belén. 2006. “Adjunct, Modifier, Discourse Marker: On the Various Functions of right in the History of English”. Folia Linguistica Historica 27 (1–2): 141–69. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mulder, Jean and Sandra A. Thompson. 2008. “The Grammaticization of but as a Final Particle in English Conversation”. In Ritva Laury (ed.), Crosslinguistic Studies of Clause Combining: The Multifunctionality of Conjunctions, 179–204. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Norde, Muriel. 2009. Degrammaticalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Norde, Muriel, and Karin Beijering. 2012. “Facing Interfaces: A Clustering Approach”. Paper presented at Refining Grammaticalization , Free University of Berlin, 24 February 2012.
Ocampo, Francisco. 2006. “Movement Towards Discourse is Not Grammaticalization: The Evolution of claro from Adjective to Discourse Particle in Spoken Spanish”. In Nuria Sagarra and Almeida Jacqueline Toribio (eds), Selected Proceedings of the 9th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, 308–19. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Onodera, Noriko Okada. 1995. “Diachronic Analysis of Japanese Discourse Markers”. In Andreas H. Jucker (ed.), Historical Pragmatics, 393–437. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pinto de Lima, José. 2002. “Grammaticalization, Subjectification and the Origin of Phatic Markers”. In Ilse Wischer and Gabriele Diewald (eds), New Reflections on Grammaticalization, 363–78. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pit, Mirna. 2006. “Determining Subjectivity in Text: The Case of Backward Causal Connectives in Dutch”. Discourse Processes 411: 151–74. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Prévost, Sophie. 2011. “ A propos from Verbal Complement to Discourse Marker: A Case of Grammaticalization?” Linguistics 49 (2): 391–413. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rehbock, Helmut. 2009. “… ohne jetzt nun gleich aggressiv zu werden: Ein Zeitadverb als Diskursmarker”. Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 37 (2): 236–65. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rosenkvist, Henrik and Sanna Skärlund. 2013. “Grammaticalization in the Present – The Changes of Modern Swedish typ ”. In Anna Giacolone Ramat, Caterina Mauri and Piera Molinelli (eds), Synchrony and Diachrony: A Dynamic Interface, 313–38. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rossari, Corinne and Corina Cojocariu. 2008. “Constructions of the Type la cause/la raison/la preuve Utterance: Grammaticalization, Pragmaticalization, or Something Else?” Journal of Pragmatics 40 (8): 1435–54. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schwenter, Scott A. and Elizabeth Closs Traugott. 2000. “Invoking Scalarity: The Development of in fact ”. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 11: 7–25. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie and Dominique Willems. 2011 “Crosslinguistic Data as Evidence in the Grammaticalization Debate: The Case of Discourse Markers”. Linguistics 49 (2): 333–64. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Spooren, Wilbert, Ted Sanders, Mike Huiskes and Liesbeth Degand. 2010. “Subjectivity and Causality: A Corpus Study of Spoken Language”. In Sally Rice and John Newman (eds), Empirical and Experimental Methods in Cognitive/Functional Research, 241–55. Stanford: CSLI Publications.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Taylor, John R. 1989. Linguistic Categorization: Prototypes in Linguistic Theory. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tabor, Whitney and Elizabeth Closs Traugott. 1998. “Structural Scope Expansion and Grammaticalization”. In Anna Giacalone Ramat and Paul J. Hopper (eds), The Limits of Grammaticalization, 229–72. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 1995a. “Subjectification in Grammaticalization”. In Dieter Stein and Susan Wright (eds), Subjectivity and Subjectivisation: Linguistic Perspectives, 31–54. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1995b. “The Role of the Development of Discourse Markers in a Theory of Grammaticalization”. Paper presented at the ICHL XII, Manchester. Version of 11/97. Available online at: [URL] (accessed 10 September 2013).
. 1999. “The Rhetoric of Counter-Expectation in Semantic Change: A Study in Subjectification”. In Andreas Blank and Peter Koch (eds), Historical Semantics and Cognition, 177–96. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Waltereit, Richard. 2002. “Imperatives, Interruption in Conversation, and the Rise of Discourse Markers: A Study of Italian guarda ”. Linguistics 40 (5): 987–1010. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2006. “The Rise of Discourse Markers in Italian: A Specific Type of Language Change”. In Kerstin Fischer (ed.), Approaches to Discourse Particles, 61–67. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wiese, Heike. 2011. “ So as an Emerging Focus Marker in German”. Linguistics 49 (5): 991–1039. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wischer, Ilse. 2000. “Grammaticalization Versus Lexicalization: “Methinks” There is Some Confusion”. In Olga Fischer, Anette Rosenbach and Dieter Stein (eds), Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English, 355–70. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wischer, Ilse and Gabriele Diewald (eds). 2002. New Reflections on Grammaticalization. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zufferey, Sandrine. 2012. “ Car, parce que, puisque Revisited: Three Empirical Studies on French Causal Connectives”. Journal of Pragmatics 44 (2): 138–53. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (67)

Cited by 67 other publications

Alfano, Iolanda
2025. Discourse markers in the speech of Italian tourist guides: a corpus-based study. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 102 ► pp. 133 ff. DOI logo
Buysse, Lieven
2025. The discourse marker allee in colloquial Belgian Dutch: A case of pragmatic borrowing. Journal of Pragmatics 246 ► pp. 188 ff. DOI logo
Chu, Weiwei & Yi Shan
2025. Trends and Highlights in Discourse Marker Studies From 2009 to 2022. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 48:3 ► pp. 451 ff. DOI logo
Fagard, Benjamin
2025. Grammaticalisation : histoire et perspectives. Histoire Épistémologie Langage 47-1 ► pp. 11 ff. DOI logo
Fagard, Benjamin & Jean-Michel Fortis
2025. Grammaticalization: The Phoenix of Modern Linguistics?. Histoire Épistémologie Langage 47-1 ► pp. 117 ff. DOI logo
Feltgen, Quentin
2025. Moi, marqueur discursif : une émergence en diachronie. Discours 36 DOI logo
Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen & Richard Waltereit
2025. Cyclic Change in Grammar and Discourse, DOI logo
Hickey, Raymond
2025.  Anyway in Irish English. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 26:2 ► pp. 288 ff. DOI logo
Kazemian, Reza, Mohammad Amouzadeh & Homa Asadi
2025. The interface of prosody and pragmatics: A phono-pragmatic analysis of bebin (‘look’) in Persian. Language & Communication 104 ► pp. 29 ff. DOI logo
Lewis, Diana
2025. Between core and periphery: the development in English of a modal adverb, an evaluative adverb and a discourse connector. Folia Linguistica 59:2 ► pp. 275 ff. DOI logo
Rakhilina, Ekaterina V., Serafima M. Gyulasaryan & Polina A. Bychkova
2025. Pragmatics in the digital age: the Routinikon database. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 16:2 ► pp. 28 ff. DOI logo
Schmidt-Riese, Aaron
2025. Structural Discourse Markers in German Palliative Care Interactions. Languages 10:8 ► pp. 195 ff. DOI logo
Shan, Yi & Weiwei Chu
2025. Prosodic disambiguation of the Mandarin discourse marker Fanzheng (“anyway”): A corpus-based study of functional asymmetry at utterance peripheries. Journal of Pragmatics 245 ► pp. 84 ff. DOI logo
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs
2025. Afterword. In Semantic-Pragmatic Change from Intersubjective to Textual Meanings [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 353], ► pp. 272 ff. DOI logo
Guz, Wojciech
2024. Quotative uses of Polish similative demonstratives. Linguistics 62:3 ► pp. 541 ff. DOI logo
Habicht, Külli, Külli Prillop & Carl Eric Simmul
2024. From certainty to uncertainty. Journal of Uralic Linguistics 3:2 ► pp. 232 ff. DOI logo
Llopis Cardona, Ana & Marlies Jansegers
2024. Del rollo como sustantivo comodín contracultural al rollo aproximador en el español coloquial actual. Spanish in Context 21:1 ► pp. 159 ff. DOI logo
Metslang, Helle, Külli Habicht, Tiit Hennoste, Kirsi Laanesoo-Kalk, Külli Prillop, Andriela Rääbis & Carl Eric Simmul
2024. (Inter)subjectivity in Estonian registers. Journal of Uralic Linguistics 3:2 ► pp. 119 ff. DOI logo
Oleškevičienė, Giedrė Valūnaitė, Vitalija Karaciejūtė & Dalia Gulbinskienė
2023. Lithuanian Discourse Markers And Their Relations In A Multilingual Corpus. Sustainable Multilingualism 22:1 ► pp. 258 ff. DOI logo
Tantucci, Vittorio & Sylvie Hancil
2023. Introduction. In Different Slants on Grammaticalization [Studies in Language Companion Series, 232], ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Xiaoli, Sun
2023. PRAGMATIC MARKER ETO SAMOE IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF RUSSIAN SPEECH (COMPARATIVE CORPORAL STUDY). Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University 476:6 ► pp. 84 ff. DOI logo
Dargnat, Mathilde
2022. Mais enfin  : construction et association. Langages N° 225:1 ► pp. 49 ff. DOI logo
Iwasaki, Shoichi & Parada Dechapratumwan
2022. Creating versatility in Thai demonstratives. Studies in Language 46:3 ► pp. 517 ff. DOI logo
la Roi, Ezra
2022. Weaving together the diverse threads of category change. Diachronica 39:2 ► pp. 159 ff. DOI logo
Sanders, José & Jacqueline Evers-Vermeul
2022. Coherence in translation. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 23:2 ► pp. 204 ff. DOI logo
Shefer, Hagit
2022. Face-saving strategies: The case of Hebrew SAY expressions. Lingua 280 ► pp. 103439 ff. DOI logo
Sun, Xiaoli
2022. The Pragmatic Marker "Eto Samoe" in the Multimedia Corpus. Philology. Theory & Practice 15:9 ► pp. 2882 ff. DOI logo
Van Olmen, Daniël & Vittorio Tantucci
2022. Getting attention in different languages: A usage-based approach to parenthetical look in Chinese, Dutch, English, and Italian. Intercultural Pragmatics 19:2 ► pp. 141 ff. DOI logo
Bogdanova-Beglarian, Natalia, Olga Blinova, Tatiana Sherstinova & Tatiana Sulimova
2021. Pragmatic Markers of Russian Everyday Speech: Invariants in Dialogue and Monologue. In Speech and Computer [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 12997], ► pp. 81 ff. DOI logo
Fedriani, Chiara
2021. Conditional clauses as polite modifiers in Latin:si placetbetween pragmaticalization and language contact. Transactions of the Philological Society 119:3 ► pp. 346 ff. DOI logo
Haselow, Alexander & Sylvie Hancil
2021. Grammar, discourse, and the grammar-discourse interface. In Studies at the Grammar-Discourse Interface [Studies in Language Companion Series, 219], ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Heine, Bernd, Gunther Kaltenböck, Tania Kuteva & Haiping Long
2021. On the rise of discourse markers. In Studies at the Grammar-Discourse Interface [Studies in Language Companion Series, 219], ► pp. 23 ff. DOI logo
Álvarez-Prendes, Emma
2021. (Inter)subjectivisation et chaines sémantiques dans les adverbes français en–ment: analyse du passage de l'adverbe intégré à la proposition au marqueur discursif. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 66:3 ► pp. 346 ff. DOI logo
Badan, Linda
2020. Italian Discourse Markers: The Case ofGuarda te*. Studia Linguistica 74:2 ► pp. 303 ff. DOI logo
Bogdanova-Beglarian, Natalia, Olga Blinova, Tatiana Sherstinova & Ekaterina Troshchenkova
2020. 2020 26th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT), ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Bogdanova-Beglarian, Natalia, Olga Blinova, Tatiana Sherstinova, Daria Gorbunova, Kristina Zaides & Tatiana Popova
2020. Pragmatic Markers in Dialogue and Monologue: Difficulties of Identification and Typical Formation Models. In Speech and Computer [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 12335], ► pp. 68 ff. DOI logo
Giomi, Riccardo & Evelien Keizer
2020. Extra-clausal constituents in Functional Discourse Grammar: function and form. Revista da ABRALIN ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Gorski, Edair Maria
2020. Espectro funcional de bem e bom no português falado: instâncias de gramaticalização. Revista da ABRALIN ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Haselow, Alexander & Gunther Kaltenböck
2020. The brain and the mind behind grammar. In Grammar and Cognition [Human Cognitive Processing, 70], ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Hernández Páez, Marianela
2020. El significado pragmático del marcador discursivo <i>(Ya) ves que</i>. Estudios de Lingüística Aplicada :70 ► pp. 37 ff. DOI logo
Herrero Ruiz de Loizaga, Francisco Javier
2020. La formación de la interjección ¡ahí va! en el español peninsular. Revista de Filología Española 100:1 ► pp. 77 ff. DOI logo
Lansari, Laure
2020. Introduction: Discourse Markers Within Different Linguistic Traditions. In A Contrastive View of Discourse Markers, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Pekelis, Olga E.
2020. A Case of Pragmaticalization in Russian: Micro-diachronic Analysis of the Particle ‘že’ in Questions. Slovene 9:1 ► pp. 340 ff. DOI logo
Rhee, Seongha
2020. Pseudo-hortative and the development of the discourse markereti poca(‘well, let’s see’) in Korean. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 21:1 ► pp. 53 ff. DOI logo
Rodríguez-Abruñeiras, Paula
2020. Outlining a grammaticalization path for the Spanish formulaen plan (de): A contribution to crosslinguistic pragmatics. Linguistics 58:6 ► pp. 1543 ff. DOI logo
Scivoletto, Giulio
2020. Semasiological cyclicity in the evolution of discourse markers. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 21:2 ► pp. 236 ff. DOI logo
Scivoletto, Giulio
2023. Il siciliano bì e l’espressione della miratività. Cuadernos de Filología Italiana 30 ► pp. 189 ff. DOI logo
Unuabonah, Foluke Olayinka
2020. “So you know ehn … ” The use of bilingual interjections in Nigerian English. Intercultural Pragmatics 17:2 ► pp. 151 ff. DOI logo
Viola, Lorella
2020. On the diachrony ofgiusto?(‘right?’) in Italian. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 21:1 ► pp. 83 ff. DOI logo
Wang, Hui & Yicheng Wu
2019. Laurel J. Brinton, The evolution of pragmatic markers in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. xiv + 331.. Journal of Linguistics 55:2 ► pp. 449 ff. DOI logo
Bogdanova-Beglarian, Natalia & Yulia Filyasova
2018. Active Processes in Modern Spoken Russian Language (Evidence from Russian). In Digital Transformation and Global Society [Communications in Computer and Information Science, 859], ► pp. 391 ff. DOI logo
Breban, Tine & Sylvie Hancil
2018. Introduction. In New Trends in Grammaticalization and Language Change [Studies in Language Companion Series, 202], ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Heine, Bernd
2018. Are there two different ways of approaching grammaticalization?. In New Trends in Grammaticalization and Language Change [Studies in Language Companion Series, 202], ► pp. 23 ff. DOI logo
Heine, Bernd
2019. Some observations on the dualistic nature of discourse processing. Folia Linguistica 53:2 ► pp. 411 ff. DOI logo
Inglese, Guglielmo & Ulrich Geupel
2018. The encoding of ad hoc categories in Sanskrit: A synchronic and diachronic analysis of “compounds” with ādi- . Folia Linguistica 52:s39-s1 ► pp. 225 ff. DOI logo
Marcus, Imogen
2018. Introduction. In The Linguistics of Spoken Communication in Early Modern English Writing, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Taverniers, Miriam
2018. Grammatical metaphor and grammaticalization. Functions of Language 25:1 ► pp. 164 ff. DOI logo
Crible, Ludivine
2017. Towards an operational category of discourse markers. In Pragmatic markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles [Studies in Language Companion Series, 186], ► pp. 99 ff. DOI logo
Dobrovoljc, Kaja
2017. Multi-word discourse markers and their corpus-driven identification. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 22:4 ► pp. 551 ff. DOI logo
Mazzon, Gabriella
2017. Paths of development of English DMs. In Pragmatic markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles [Studies in Language Companion Series, 186], ► pp. 289 ff. DOI logo
Tanno, Koji
2017. Semantic change through the discursive strategy of justification: The grammaticalization of the Japanese connective datte. Language Sciences 64 ► pp. 34 ff. DOI logo
Tanno, Koji
2022. The role of discourse strategies in the grammaticalization of the Japanese discourse markerdakara. Language and Linguistics. 語言暨語言學 ► pp. 592 ff. DOI logo
Caffi, Claudia
2016. Revisiting Metapragmatics: ‘What Are We Talking About?’. In Pragmemes and Theories of Language Use [Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology, 9], ► pp. 799 ff. DOI logo
Ghezzi, Chiara & Piera Molinelli
2016. Politeness markers from Latin to Italian. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 17:2 ► pp. 307 ff. DOI logo
Ghezzi, Chiara & Piera Molinelli
2020. Connectives and cyclicity. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 21:2 ► pp. 208 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2019. Diachrony of Personal Pronouns in Japanese [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 344], DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2022. Discourse Structuring Markers in English [Constructional Approaches to Language, 33], DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue