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Article published In: Journal of Historical Linguistics
Vol. 15:3 (2025) ► pp.426–462

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Gorani substrate within Kurdish

Evidence from southern dialects of Central Kurdish

ORCiD logo with link | University of Cambridge
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.

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Published online: 21 May 2024
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https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.23001.moh
Abstract
The traditional view within Kurdish linguistics is that the split between Central Kurdish (CK) and Northern Kurdish (NK) is mainly the result of a Gorani substrate within the former group. More recent studies refute this hypothesis, arguing instead that Kurdish was initially composed of two distinct but closely related subgroups and that the differences between CK and NK are partly due to distinct source languages and partly due to ensuing contact with neighbouring languages. This study aims to shed new light on the Gorani-substrate hypothesis within CK by examining a corpus-based study of the southernmost CK dialects located within the historical Gorani heartland. Combining recent historical accounts of language shift from Gorani to CK in the region with linguistic data, the paper claims that (i) Gorani borrowings and substrate features reflect different layers of historical contact in Southern CK dialects and (ii) the Gorani substrate has caused a split in the morphosyntactic features across vernaculars of CK, showcasing second-language learning in shaping the historically recent development of Southern CK dialects.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Language shift in southern Kurdistan
  • 3.Mechanisms of language contact and language shift
  • 4.Shift-induced features in the southern dialects of CK
    • 4.1Phonology
    • 4.2Morphology
    • 4.3Syntax
  • 5.Gorani borrowings in SCK
  • 6.Discussion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
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Cited by (1)

Cited by one other publication

Mohammadirad, Masoud & Ergin Öpengin
2025. Lenition of voiced stops in Kurdish. Folia Linguistica 59:s46-s1 ► pp. 71 ff. DOI logo

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