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Article published In: Journal of Historical Linguistics
Vol. 13:1 (2023) ► pp.115–172

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The historical dialectology of stative morphology in Zapotecan

 | Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia
Published online: 16 August 2022
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https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.21008.bea
Abstract
This paper updates the reconstruction of the stative aspect prefix in Proto-Zapotecan as *n- and tracks innovations in stative marking. An early change is proposed to have deleted preconsonantal nasals, rendering segmentally unmarked stative forms of consonant-initial verbs in varieties of Zapotec then spoken in and around the city of Monte Albán. Contact with Chatino may be a factor in the retention of preconsonantal *n in Zapotec varieties spoken to the south. A fuller stative prefix, usually *na-, arose later from a grammaticalized form of the stative-marked copula (Munro, Pamela. 2007. Aspects of Stativity in Zapotec. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; . 2021. La pérdida de la vocal átona en el zapoteco central. Estudios lingüísticos y filológicos de lenguas indígenas mexicanas. Celebración por los 30 años del Seminario de Lenguas Indígenas. ed. by Francisco Arellanes Arellanes & Lilián Guerrero, 347–394.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar). *na- is more productive than *n- and provides the basis for a new proposed “Eastern Zapotec” genetic grouping. However, the isogloss for *na- crosscuts the earlier isogloss for preconsonantal nasal deletion, showing that any model of Zapotecan linguistic history needs to address not only divergence but also convergence. Ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence provide a social context to the linguistic changes discussed.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Usage of stative-marked forms
    • 2.1Stative predicates
    • 2.2Stative participles
  • 3.The phonological form of the stative marker and its productivity
  • 4.The loss of preconsonantal nasals
  • 5.The development of *na-
    • 5.1Conservative systems without stative 2
    • 5.2The emergence of the stative 2 prefix
    • 5.3The extension of Stative 2
    • 5.4The reduction of stative 2
  • 6.Divergence and convergence related to stative morphology
    • 6.1Preconsonantal nasal deletion in Monte Albán Zapotec
    • 6.2Inheritance and diffusion of stative 2
      • 6.2.1Multiple waves of Sierra Norte migration
      • 6.2.2Possible diffusion of stative 2 to Coyachilla from Central Zapotec
      • 6.2.3Contact between Central and Southern Zapotec in the Sierra Sur
  • 7.Problematic stative 2 data and their solutions
    • 7.1n̆- in Cajonos
    • 7.2/la-/ in Chatino
  • 8.Conclusions and topics for future research
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
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