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Article published In:
[Journal of Historical Linguistics 11:2] 2021
► pp. 214–247

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Thematic section

Syntactic conditions on accusative to ergative alignment change in Austronesian languages

 | Academia Sinica
Published online: 23 July 2021
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https://doi.org/10.1075/jhl.20016.ald
Abstract
This paper develops the proposal put forth by Aldridge (. 2015. A Minimalist Approach to the Emergence of Ergativity in Austronesian Languages. Linguistics Vanguard 1:1.313–326. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, 2016) for the emergence of ergative alignment in a first-order subgroup of the Austronesian family. I first provide new evidence for reconstructing Proto-Austronesian (PAn) as accusative rather than ergative. I then propose a significantly revised approach to Aldridge’s proposed reanalysis. On the basis of evidence from Tsou, I propose that the reanalysis took place in biclausal constructions embedded under motion or locative verbs. Since such biclausal constructions are contexts for restructuring, no accusative case is available for an object. This forced objects which needed structural licensing to value nominative case with T. I additionally show that subjects were assigned inherent non-nominative case in PAn when objects needed to enter into Agree with T, as when valuing nominative case. These conditions yielded a new ergative clause type in a daughter of PAn, which Aldridge (. 2015. A Minimalist Approach to the Emergence of Ergativity in Austronesian Languages. Linguistics Vanguard 1:1.313–326. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar, . 2016. Ergativity from Subjunctive in Austronesian Languages. Language and Linguistics 17:1.27–62.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) calls “Proto-Ergative Austronesian”. No change took place in clauses lacking an object needing structural licensing. Consequently, subjects in intransitive clauses and transitive clauses with indefinite objects continued to surface with nominative case, yielding the type of ergative alignment prevalent in Formosan and Philippine languages today.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The alignment of Proto-Austronesian
    • 2.1Was PAn ergative?
    • 2.2Evidence against reconstructing PAn as ergative
  • 3.Reconstructing PAn with accusative alignment
    • 3.1Origin of the tense/aspect auxiliaries in Tsou
    • 3.2Restructuring and grammaticalization of motion/locative verbs
  • 4.Subsequent changes
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
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