Article published In: Journal of Argumentation in Context
Vol. 5:3 (2016) ► pp.271–314
The Katyń court case
Stories about history, politics, and words
Published online: 27 January 2017
https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.5.3.03jop
https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.5.3.03jop
This paper examines the argumentation in the case Janowiec and Others vs. Russia, heard before the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (ECtHR, or Court), primarily based on the hearings with additional references to the two judgments issued. The proffered analysis focuses on the types and forms of argumentation used in the counsels’ oral arguments, as well as their rhetorical strategies and tactics, as based on Douglas Walton’s argumentation schemes and Stephen Toulmin’s model of argumentation. The starting point of the analyzed dispute is the verbal classification of the subject of the dispute, which reflects the different historical perspectives in the narratives about the Katyń crime, as related by the litigating parties and the court. The political and media context of this dispute in the Polish, Russian, and international public space is also considered.
References (58)
Alexy, Robert. 1989. A Theory of Legal Argumentation. Translated by R. Adler and N. MacCormick. Oxford: Clarendon.
Barber, Charles L. 1962. “Some Measurable Characteristics of Modern Scientific Prose.” In Contributions to English Syntax and Philology (Gothenburg Studies in English 14), ed. by F. Behre, Gothenburg, Sweden: Almqvist and Wiksell.
Bosiacki, Adam. 2012. “The Unfinished Business of Katyń.” Hoover Digest, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University Press 11: 60–65.
. 2014. “Katyń Keeps Its Secrets.” Hoover Digest, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University Press, 21: 109–113.
Cotterill, Janet. 2003. Language and Power in Court: A linguistic analysis of the O.J. Simpson trial. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Coulthard, Malcolm, and Johnson Alison. 2007. An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics: Language in Evidence. London/New York: Routledge.
De Beaugrande, Robert, and Dressler Wolfgang. 1996 (1981). Introduction to Text Linguistics. London and New York: Longman.
Eemeren, Frans H. van, and Houtlosser Peter. 2002. “Strategic Maneuvering: Maintaining a Delicate Balance.” In Dialectic and Rhetoric: The warp and woof of argumentation analysis, ed. by F.H. van Eemeren & P. Houtlosser, 131–159. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
. 2009. “Strategic Maneuvering: Examining Argumentation in Context.” In Examining Argumentation in Context, ed. by Eemeren Frans H. van, 1–24. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Feteris, Eveline T. 2012. “Strategic Manoeuvring with Linguistic Arguments in Legal Decisions: A disputable literal reading of the law.” International Journal of Law, Language & Discourse 2 (1): 106–125.
Fostiychuk, Viktor Viktorovich, and Gavjuk Michael Nikiforovitch. 2014. “Катынь: ложь и правда” [Katyń: lies and truth], История и археология [
History and Archeology
] 91 (2014), URL: [URL] (accessed on 27 April 2015).
Guryanov, Alexander. 2013. “Current Status of the ‘Katyń Case’ in Russia.” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 45(1&2): 694–702.
Halmari, Helena, and Virtanen Tuija (eds). 2005. Persuasion Across Genres. A linguistic approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Harris, Sandra. 2001, “Fragmented Narratives and Multiple Tellers: Witness and Defendant Accounts in Trials.” Discourse Studies 31: 53–74.
Heri, Corina. 2014. “Enforced Disappearance and the European Court of Human Rights’ ratione temporis Jurisdiction. A Discussion of Temporal Elements in Janowiec and Others v. Russia
.” Journal of International Criminal Justice (20141): 1–18.
Iazborovskaia Inessa, Sergeevna. 2013. “Катынский синдром — ключевая проблема двусторонних отношений?” [Katyń Syndrome — a Key Issue in Bilateral Relations?], Sensus Historiae, vol. 10, No. 1 (2013), 131–145. [URL] [accessed on 27 April 2015]
Jasudowicz, Tadeusz, and Radosław Fordoński. 2012. “Moscow secrecy in the Katyń Massacre.” In Katyń. State-sponsored Extermination, ed. by M.B. Szonert, 11–21. Cleveland, Ohio: Libra Institute, Inc.
Kienpointner, Manfred. 2009. “Plausible and Fallacious Strategies to Silence One’s Opponent.” In Examining Argumentation in Context, ed. by Eemeren Frans H. van, 61–75. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kersten, Mark. 2013. “From Justice Delayed to Justice Denied: Katyń in Strasbourg.” Justice in Conflict, 31 October 2013, [URL] [accessed on 25 April 2015]
Kirchanov Maxim, Valeryevich. 2014. “Проблемы функционирования образов другого в современной России (на примере националистических течений в историографии) [Problems of functioning of the others images in contemporary Russia: case study of the nationalist trends in historiography].” Общество: Социология, Психология, Педагогика 11 (2014), 11–16. [URL] [accessed on 27 April 2015]
Kramer, Mark. 2012. “What was Distinctive about Katyń? The Massacres in Context”. In Katyń. State-sponsored Extermination, ed. by M.B. Szonert, 7–10. Cleveland, OH: Libra Institute, Inc.
MacCormick, Neil. 2005. Rhetoric and the Rule of Law. A Theory of Legal Reasoning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Morawski, Lech. 2000. Główne problemy współczesnej filozofii prawa. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Prawnicze PWN.
Morgan, Bronwen, and Yeung Karen. 2007. An Introduction to Law and Regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Perelman, Chaim. 2004. Imperium retoryki. Retoryka i argumentacja. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Perelman, Chaim, and Olbrechts-Tyteca Lucie. 1969. The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation. Notre Dame, IA: University of Notre Dame Press.
Rieke, Richard D., Sillars, Malcolm O., and Peterson, Tarla Rai. 2005. Argumentation and Critical Decision Making. New York: Pearson.
Reyes, Robert M., Thomson William C., and Bower Gordon H. 1980. “Judgmental Biases Resulting from Differing Availabilities of Arguments.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39 (1): 2–12.
Salmi-Tolonen, Tarja. 2005. “Persuasion in Judicial Argumentation. The Opinions of the Advocates General at the European Court of Justice.” In Persuasion Across Genres. A Linguistic Approach, ed. by H. Halmari and T. Virtanen, 59–101. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Saunders, Kurt M. 2006 (1994). “Law as Rhetoric, Rhetoric as Argument.” Journal of the Association of Legal Writing Directors 31: 164–176.
Scalia, Antonin, and Garner Bryan A. 2008. Making Your Case: The Art of Persuading Judges. St. Paul, MN: Thomson/West.
Schabas, William A. 2013. “Katyń: Amnesia in Strasbourg.” 21 October 2013, [URL], [accessed on 25 April 2015].
Schauer, Frederick F. 2009. Thinking Like a Lawyer: A New Introduction to Legal Reasoning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schiappa, Edward. 2003. Defining Reality: Definitions and the Politics of Meaning. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Scollon, Ron. 1998. Mediated Discourse as Social Interaction: A Study of News Discourse. London and New York: Longman.
Smith, Stephen E. 2009. “The Poetry of Persuasion: Early Literary Theory and Its Advice to Legal Writers.” Journal of the Association of Legal Writing Directors 61: 55–74.
Solan, Lawrence M. 2010. The Language of Statutes. Laws and Their Interpretation. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Stanchi, Kathryn M. 2006. “The Science of Persuasion: An Initial Exploration.” Michigan State Law Review 11: 1–45.
Vaughan, Stephanie A. 2009. “Persuasion is an Art... But It Is Also an Invaluable Tool in Advocacy.” Baylor Law Review 61 (2): 635–682.
. 2008. “Arguing from Definition to Verbal Classification: The Case of Redefining ‘Planet’ to Exclude Pluto.” Informal Logic, 28 (2): 129–154.
Walton, Douglas, Reed Chris, and Macagno Fabrizio. 2008. Argumentation Schemes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Winter, Steven L. 2001. A Clearing in the Forest: Law, Life, and Mind. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Zarefsky, David. 2009. “Strategic Maneuvering in Political Argumentation.” In Examining Argumentation in Context, ed. by Eemeren Frans H. van, 115–130. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
