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In:The Grammar of Interaction: Epistemicity, information management and discourse in language use
Edited by Susana Rodríguez Rosique and Jordi M. Antolí Martínez
[IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature 46] 2025
► pp. 98–131

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Evidence type and trustworthiness

The view from social media

 | Institut Jean Nicod CNRS
 | University of Chicago
 | Institut Jean Nicod CNRS
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Published online: 17 October 2025
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https://doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.46.04bos
Abstract
This paper provides a first analysis of the relationship between evidentiality and the speaker’s veridical commitment (Giannakidou and Mari 2021c) in social networks. Our corpus study highlights that speakers ground their assertive statements in various types of evidence, including indirect evidence (Willett 1988). Our statistical results indeed indicate a strong correlation between Reported evidence and bare Assertions, suggesting that speakers often rely on reported information while still expressing a strong veridical commitment. We demonstrated that this should not be interpreted as a non-cooperative linguistic behavior, even if indirect evidence is typically considered inadequate for a strong veridical commitment. We argued that this perspective is too restrictive and that evidence type should be decoupled from reliability. We propose that the perceived adequacy of an evidence type stems from a subjective evaluation of trustworthiness of the speaker of both the evidence and the propositional content it conveys. This evaluation is shaped by the speaker’s informational basis, which includes subjective preferences, prior beliefs, background assumptions and biases, as well as external knowledge about the world.
Article outline
  • 1.Assertion, evidence and veridical commitment
  • 2.Evidence and assertions: The existing picture
    • 2.1Evidence-type and evidential categories
      • 2.1.1Evidentiality across languages
      • 2.1.2Evidence-type in the literature on social media
    • 2.2On the relation between evidentiality and assertivity
      • 2.2.1Reported evidence: An unreliable evidence?
      • 2.2.2Weaker assertion?
  • 3.Evidence and veridical commitment in social media
    • 3.1Speech act categories
    • 3.2Evidence type categories and annotation schema
    • 3.3Results: The assertive — relayed correlation
  • 4.Evidence and trustworthiness evaluation
    • 4.1Conceptions of trustworthiness
    • 4.2Trustworthiness evaluation: View from social media
      • Scenario 1: Assertions with Relayed evidence
      • Scenario 2: Assertions with Loose evidence
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
References (134)
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