In:La integración de la pronunciación en el aula de ELE: Integrating pronunciation in the Spanish language classroom
Editado por Zsuzsanna Bárkányi, M. Mar Galindo Merino y Aarón Pérez-Bernabeu
[IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature 42] 2024
► pp. 88–101
Chapter 6L2 pronunciation in the spotlight
From phonological awareness to oral production in communicative tasks
Published online: 28 November 2024
https://doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.42.06ful
https://doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.42.06ful
Abstract
The present chapter puts forward several suggestions on how to incorporate the pronunciation
component into the Spanish as a foreign language (SFL) class, ranging from phonological awareness raising activities
to spontaneous speaking tasks. These proposals stem from the renewed interest in determining pronunciation instruction
effects in classroom settings. Specifically, recent second language (L2) speech acquisition research has shown that an
explicit focus on pronunciation in communicative tasks seems to lead to more accurate L2 segmental perception and
production. Moreover, as in the new descriptors of the CEFR Companion Volume, this chapter
prioritizes comprehensibility as the ultimate goal in the integration of pronunciation into communicative tasks.
Resumen extendido
La pronunciación en L2 en primer plano: De la conciencia fonológica a la producción oral en tareas comunicativas
En el presente capítulo se sugieren varias propuestas para incorporar y poner en un primer plano
el componente de la pronunciación en las tareas comunicativas dirigidas a estudiantes con diferentes lenguas maternas
y niveles de competencia lingüística en el aula de español como lengua extranjera y adicional (ELE). Algunas
investigaciones recientes en adquisición fónica de segundas lenguas (L2) han evidenciado un interés renovado en
analizar los efectos de la enseñanza de la pronunciación en el contexto del aula (Gordon y Darcy, 2019; Lee et al., 2020; Saito y Saito, 2017, entre otros). Los hallazgos apuntan a que poner un foco
explícito en la pronunciación al realizar tareas comunicativas puede derivar en la percepción y producción más
precisas de segmentos de la L2 (Gordon, 2021; Mora-Plaza et al., 2018; Solon
et al., 2017). Asimismo, se observa un incremento en las publicaciones que incluyen
propuestas didácticas sobre cómo incorporar la pronunciación en la clase de lengua (Darcy et al., 2021; Levis y Echelberger,
2022; Orta, 2018). En esta línea, el capítulo se suma a estas
propuestas con sugerencias en las que el énfasis en la pronunciación busca que los aprendientes alcancen un grado
aceptable de comprensibilidad e inteligibilidad en ELE. Este objetivo concuerda, por una parte, con los descriptores
del Volumen Complementario del MCER (2020) y, por otra, con la importancia que investigadores sobre
la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la pronunciación en L2 (Levis, 2005, 2018) otorgan a la comprensibilidad e inteligibilidad por encima de la
consecución de un acento nativo en la L2. Las sugerencias que se presentan abarcan actividades que intentan
desarrollar y afianzar la conciencia fonológica (p. ej., análisis de necesidades con autoevaluación de las habilidades
de comprensión auditiva y expresión oral), tareas de percepción centradas en aspectos de pronunciación que contribuyen
a una comprensión auditiva más precisa en el día a día (p. ej., enlaces fónicos entendidos como la agrupación de
sonidos en un fragmento de habla comprendido entre dos pausas sucesivas), así como pautas de procesos de reflexión del
aprendizaje de la pronunciación. Por último, se proponen tareas que varían en un continuo de producción oral
controlada a espontánea y que priorizan ciertos sonidos sobre suprasegmentos del español — concretamente, rango tonal,
ritmo y acento léxico — o viceversa, según el tipo de tarea. Dichas tareas están en línea con investigaciones recientes
como la de Crowther et al. (2018) que muestran que los
sonidos y rasgos suprasegmentales, junto con los aspectos gramaticales y léxicos, predicen de manera diferencial un
mayor grado de comprensibilidad en función de la dificultad de las tareas de expresión oral en la L2.
Palabras clave: pronunciación en ELE, comprensibilidad, conciencia fonológica, producción oral, tareas comunicativas
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Research insights into L2 pronunciation development
- 3.Integrating pronunciation into the communicative language class: Sample tasks
- 4.Future directions for incorporating the pronunciation component into L2 communicative language classes
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