In:The Reality of Women in the Universe of the Ancient Novel
Edited by María Paz López Martínez, Carlos Sánchez-Moreno Ellart and Ana Belén Zaera García
[IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature 40] 2023
► pp. 297–328
Chapter 19Algunos aspectos de la mujer en la hagiografía bizantina
Published online: 1 December 2023
https://doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.40.19cav
https://doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.40.19cav
Abstract
Women feature prominently in hagiography, either as
authors or as protagonists or minor characters. Their social, economic, and
cultural condition vary greatly in these works as well as their work and
family situations. This diversity seems to be a reflection of “reality”,
even in stories that aim at moral and spiritual development. Women occur
both in private and public contexts and in both instances they may reach
holiness, even though some circumstances require a supposedly manly
strength. Women’s potentialities and values are depicted in a positive light
by hagiography.
Article outline
- Conclusiones
Notes Bibliografía
References (124)
Agapitos, P. (2004). Mortuary
typology in the lives of saints Michael the Synkellos and Stephen
the
Younger. In P. Odorico & P. Agapitos (eds.), Les
vies des saints à Byzance. Genre littéraire ou biographie
historique? Paris: Centre d’études byzantines, pp. 103–135.
Alwis, A. (2011). Celibate
marriages in late Antique and Byzantine hagiography. The Lives of
Saints Julian and Basilissa, Andronikos and Athanasia, and Galaktion
and
Episteme. London: Continuum.
Ashbrook Harvey, S. (1990). Women
in early Byzantine hagiography. Reversing the
story. In L. Coon, K. Haldane & E. Sommer (eds.), That
gentle strenght. Historical perspectives on women in
Christianity (pp. 36–59). Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
Beaucamp, J. (1998). Les
femmes et l’espace public à Byzance: Le cas des
tribunaux, Dumbarton Oaks
Papers, 52, 129–145.
Bohdziewicz, O. (2012). La
‘historia de Pelagia’ en la Vida de Juan el
Limosnero de Leoncio de
Neápolis. Byzantion Nea
Hellás, 31, 189–202.
Bréhier, L. (1949). La
femme dans la famille à
Byzance. Annuaire de l’ Institut de
Philologie et d’Historie Orientales (Pankarpeia. Mélanges H.
Grégoire), 9, 105–108.
Caracausi, G. (1990). Lessico
greco della Sicilia e dell’Italia meridionale (secoli
X-XIV). Palermo: Centro di Studi filologici e linguistici siciliani.
Caseau, B. (1999). Christian
bodies: the senses and early Byzantine
Christianity. In L. James (ed.), Desire
and denial in
Byzantium. Aldershot: Ashgate, 101–109.
Cavallero, P. (2014). ¿Una
prueba de autoría? La inmediatez como tópos en
Leoncio de Neápolis. Νέα
Ῥώμη, 10, 37–66.
(2018). ‘Τὸν ἄριστον
βίον’ (Hist. Lausiaca 62).
Castidad y soberbia en el contexto ascético de la hagiografía
protobizantina. Anales de filología
clásica, 31/1, 37–47.
(2023). Función
de la magia en la literatura hagiográfica
bizantina. In L. Pégolo, E. Tola, V. Diez (eds.), Homenaje
a Alfredo Schroeder. Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires, en
prensa.
Cavallero, P. et al. (2014). Leoncio
de Neápolis: Vida de Espiridón, edición crítica con introducción,
traducción, notas y apéndices. Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires, FFyL.
(2004). Le
pratiche di
lettura. In La
cultura Bizantina, vol. I de Lo spazio letterario del medioevo, 3:
Le culture
circostanti. Roma: Salerno, 569–604.
Clark, E. (1989). Piety,
propaganda and politics in the Life of Melania the
Younger. Studia
patristica, 18/2, 167–183.
Constantinou, S. (2004). Subgenre
and gender in saints’
lives. In P. Odorico & P. Agapitos (eds.), Les
vies des saints à Byzance. Genre littéraire ou biographie
historique? (pp. 411–423). Paris: Centre d’études byzantines (Actes du
colloque (2002)).
(2014). Holy
Actors and Actresses. Fools and Cross-Dressers as the Protagonists
of Saint’s
Lives. In S. Efthymiadis (ed.), The
Ashgate research companion to Byzantine
hagiography (pp. 343–357). Farnham: Ashgate, II.
Constas, N. (1996). The
Life of saint Mary/Marinos. Introduction and
translation. In A. Talbot (ed.), Holy
women of Byzantium. Ten saint’s Lives in English
translation (pp. 1–12). Washington: Dumbarton Oaks.
Coon, L. (1997). Sacred
fictions. Holy women and hagiography in Late
Antiquity. Philadelphia (The
Middle Ages Series): University of Pennsylvania Press.
Cunningham, M. (1999). ‘Shutting
the gates of the soul’: spiritual treatises on resisting the
passions. In L. James (ed.), Desire
and denial in
Byzantium (pp. 23–32). Aldershot: Ashgate
(2010). Byzantine
views of God and the
universe. In L. James (ed.), A companion
to
Byzantium (pp. 149–160). Chichester, Wiley-Blackwell.
Darrouzès, J. (1977). Questions
de droit matrimonial:
1172–1175. Revue des études
byzantines, 35, 107–157.
Delierneux, N. (2000). L’exploitation
des topoi hagiographiques: du cliché figé à la
réalité
codée. Byzantion, 70/1, 57–90.
(2004). Littérature
des hommes, biographie des ‘anges’: quelques remarques d’
hagiographie féminine (VIIIe-Xe
siècle). In P. Odorico & P. Agapitos (eds.), Les
vies des saints à Byzance. Genre littéraire ou biographie
historique? (pp. 347–366). Paris, Centre d’études byzantines (Actes du
colloque (2002)).
(2014). The
literary portrait of Byzantine female
saints. In S. Efthymiadis (ed.), The
Ashgate Research Companion to Byzantine Hagiography, II: Genres and
contexts (pp. 363–381). Farnham: Ashgate.
Detoraki, M. (2014). Greek
Passions of the martyrs in
Byzantium. In S. Efthymiadis (ed.), The
Ashgate research companion to Byzantine hagiography, II: Genres and
contexts (pp. 61–101). Farnham: Ashgate.
Dickie, M. (1999). Narrative-patterns
in Christian hagiography. Greek,
Roman and Byzantine
Studies, 40, 83–98.
Di Marco, F. (2010). Undressed:
the naked female body as a sign of holiness in apocryphal and
hagiographical literature. Studia
patristica, 44, 499–508.
Eastmond, A. (1999). Body
vs. column: the cults of St. Symeon
Stylites. In L. James (ed.), Desire
and denial in
Byzantium (pp. 87–100). Aldershot: Ashgate.
Efthymiadis, S. (2011). Hagiography
from the ‘Dark Age’ to the age of Symeon Metaphrastes (eight-tenth
centuries). In The
Ashgate research companion to Byzantine
hagiography, vol. I. (pp. 95–142). Farnham-Surrey, Ashgate.
(2014). Greek
Byzantine hagiography in
verse. In The
Ashgate research companion to Byzantine hagiography, II: Genres and
contexts. (pp. 161–179), Farnham: Ashgate.
Fernández, T. (2016). Malas
mujeres en Leoncio de
Neápolis. Rivista di studi bizantini
e
neoellenici, 53, 43–58.
Festugière, A. (1960). Lieux
communs littéraires et thèmes de folklore dans l’hagiographie
primitive. Wiener
Studien, 73, 123–152.
Flusin, B. (2004). Le
serviteur caché ou le saint sans
existence. In P. Odorico & P. Agapitos (eds.), Les
vies des saints à Byzance. Genre littéraire ou biographie
historique? (pp. 59–71). Paris: Centre d’études byzantines.
Fulghum Heintz, M. (2003). The
art and craft of earning a
living. In I. Kalavrezou (ed.), Byzantine
women and their
world (pp. 139–159). Cambridge, MA: Yale University Press.
Garland, L. (ed.). (2006). Byzantine
women: varieties of experience
800–1200. Aldershot, Ashgate Publishing.
Garzya, A. (1973). Lingua
e cultura nell’agiografia
italo-greca. Atti del Convegno
storico interecclesiale (Bari, 1969), III: La Chiesa greca in Italia
dall’VIII al XVI
secolo. Padova, pp. 1179–1186.
Gerstel, Sh. (1998). Painted
sources for female piety in medieval
Byzantium. Dumbarton Oaks
Papers, 52, 89–111.
Giannarelli, E. (1980). La
tipologia femminile nella biografia e nell’autobiografia cristiana
del IV
secolo. Roma: Istituto storico italiano per il Medio Evo.
(1989). L’infanzia
nella biografia cristiana o la transformazione
nell’opposto. Studia
patristica, 18/2, 217–221.
Grosdidier de Matons, J. (1970). Les
thèmes d’édification dans la Vie d’André
Salos. Travaux et
mémoires, 4, 277–328.
Grumel, V. (1936). Une
question de liturgie et de droit canon: la prohibition des mariages
durant l’octave pascale. Échos
d’Orient, 35, n°183, 274–279.
Guy, J. (1993–2005). Les
apophtegmes des pères. Collection systématique. Paris, Cerf (Sources
chrétiennes 178, 474, 498). Vol.
I, capp. 1–9 (1993); Vol.
II, capp. 20–16 (2003); Vol.
3, capp. 17–21 (2005).
Hadas, M. & Smith, M. (1965). Heroes
and Gods: spiritual biographies in
Antiquity. New York: Harper & Row.
Harmless, W. (2004). Desert
Christians. An introduction to the literature of early
monasticism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hartney, A. (1999). Manly
women and womanly men: the subintroductae and John
Chrysostom. In L. James (ed.), Desire
and denial in
Byzantium (pp. 41–48). Aldershot: Ashgate.
Hennessy, C. (2010). Young
people in
Byzantium. In L. James (ed.), A
companion to
Byzantium (pp. 81–92). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
(2013). Unrivalled
influence. Women and Empire in
Byzantium. Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Hill, B. (1999). Imperial
women in Byzantium 1025–1204: power, patronage and
ideology. London: Longman.
Holum, K. (1982). Theodosian
empresses: women and imperial dominion in Late
Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Jazdzewska, K. (2009). Hagiographic
invention and imitation: Niketas’ Life of
Theoktiste and its literary
models. Greek, Roman and Bysantine
Studies, 49, 257–279.
Kaplan, M. (2004). Hagiographie
et histoire de la
société. In P. Odorico & P. Agapitos (eds.), Les
vies des saints à Byzance. Genre littéraire ou biographie
historique? (pp. 25–47). Paris: Centre d’études byzantines.
Kaplan, M. & Kountoura-Galaki, E. (2014). Economy
and society in Byzantine hagiography: realia and
methodologian
questions. In S. Efthymiadis (ed.), The
Ashgate research companion to Byzantine hagiography, II: Genres and
contexts (pp. 389–418). Farnham, Ashgate.
Karlin-Hayter, P. (1992). Further
notes on Byzantine marriage: raptus-ἁρπαγή or μνηστεῖαι?. Dumbarton
Oaks
Papers, 46, 133–154.
Kazhdan, A. (1990). Hagiography
and sex in the fifth to twelfth
centuries. Dumbarton Oaks
Papers, 44, 131–143.
Laiou, A. (1981). The
role of women in Byzantine
society. Jahrbuch der
Österreichischen
Byzantinistik, 31/1, 249–260.
(1992). Mariage,
amour et parenté à Byzance aux XIe-XIIIe
siècles. Paris (Travaux
et mémoires du Centre de recherche d’histoire et civilisation de
Byzance. Collège de France. Monographies,
7).
Lequeux, X. (2013). La
passion grecque (BHG 2245) inédite de Mamelchta,
mystérieuse martyre en
Perse. Analecta
Bollandiana, 131, 268–275.
Luzzi, A. (2004). La
vita di san Nilo da Rossano tra genere letterario e biografia
storica. In P. Odorico & P. Agapitos (eds.), Les
vies des saints à Byzance. Genre littéraire ou biographie
historique? (pp. 175–189). Paris: Centre d’études byzantines (Actes du
colloque (2002)).
(2017). The
homosexual background attributed to a textual gap in the
Life of St Neilos from Rossano: a
re-evaluation. In B. Crostini & I. Murzaku (eds.), Greek
monasticism in southern
Italy (pp. 267–281). New York: Routledge.
Mattila, S. (1996). Wisdom,
sense perception, nature, and Philo’s gender
gradient. Harvard Theological
Review, 89/2, 103–129.
Mirachvili-Springer, N. (2012). Les
pécheresses repenties et les saintes travesties dans l’hagiographie
géorgienne. Revue des études
byzantines, 70, 149–174.
Narro Sánchez, A. (2010). Lo
scontro tra formazione classica e pensiero cristiano: La
vita e miracoli di santa
Tecla. Graeco-Latina
Brunensia, 15, 1, 27–138.
(2012). Nouvelles
réminiscences littéraires décelées dnas la vie et les miracles de
sainte Thècle (BHG
1717–1718). Analecta
Bollandiana, 130, 303–305.
(2013). Orígenes
y desarrollo de la hagiografía griega a través de la figura de santa
Tecla. Tesis
doctoral. Valencia: Universidad
de Valencia.
(2016). The
influence of the Greek novel on the Life and Miracles of
saint
Thecla. Byzantinische
Zeitschrift, 109/1, 73–96.
Patlagean, E. (1968). Ancienne
hagiographie byzantine et histoire
sociale. Annales: économies,
societés,
civilisations, 23/1, 106–126.
(1968b). Recherches
récentes et perspectives sur l’histoire du monaquisme
italo-grec. Rivista di storia della
Chiesa in
Italia, 22, 146–166.
(1976). L’histoire
de la femme déguisée en moine et l’évolution de la sainteté féminine
à Byzance. Studi
medievali, 3=17/2, 597–623.
Perreault, J. (1991). Les
femmes et le monachisme
byzantin. Athens: L’Institut Canadien d’Archéologie à Athènes.
Philippart, G. (1981). L’édition
médiévale des légendiers latins dans le cadre d’une hagiographie
générale. In H. Bekker & Nielsen et al. (eds.), Hagiography
and medieval literature: a
symposium (pp. 127–158). Odense University Press.
Pratsch, Th. (2005). Der
hagiographische Topos: Griechische Heiligenviten in
mittelbyzantinischer Zeit. Millennium Studies, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Rapp, C. (1996). Figures
of female sanctity: Byzantine edifying manuscripts and their
audience. Dumbarton Oaks
Papers, 50, 313–333+335–344.
Richard, M. (1975). La
vie ancienne de sainte Marie surnommé
Marinos. In Corona
gratiarum. Miscellanea patristica, historica et liturgica Eligio
Dekkers O.S.B. XII lustra complenti
oblata (pp. 83–115). Brugge: Gravenhage I.
Rigueiro García, J. (2020). La
mujer en los mosaicos bizantinos raveneses (ss.
v–vii). Anales de filología
clásica, en
prensa.
Ringrose, K. (1999). Passing
the text of sanctity: denial of sexuality and involuntary
castration. In L. James (ed.), Desire
and denial in
Byzantium (pp. 123–137). Aldershot: Ashgate,
Schreiner, P. (2004). «Il
libro è la mia cella». Le letture
monastiche. In G. Cavallo (ed.), La
cultura bizantina, vol. I, Lo spazio letterario del Medioevo, 3: le
cultura
circostanti (pp. 605–631). Roma: Salerno
Smythe, D. (2010). Insiders
and
outsiders. In L. James, (ed.), A
companion to
Byzantium (pp. 67–80). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Snee, R. (1998). Gregory
Nazianzen’s Anastasia Church: arianism, the Goths, and
hagiography. Dumbarton Oaks
Papers, 52, 157–186.
Souarn, R. (1900). Un
empêchement canonique du mariage chez les
Grecs. Échos
d’Orient, 3/5, 257–262.
(1901). La
parenté spirituelle, empêchement canonique du mariage chez les
Grecs. Échos
d’Orient, 4/3, 129–133.
Stolte, B. (1999). Desires
denied: marriage, adultery and divorce in early Byzantine
law. In L. James (ed.), Desire
and denial in
Byzantium (pp. 77–86). Aldershot: Ashgate.
Talbot, A. (1985). Late
Byzantine nuns: by choice or
necessity?. Byzantinische
Forschungen, 9, 103–17.
(2011). Hagiography
in late Byzantium
(1204–1453). In S. Efthymiadis, Ashgate
research companion to Byzantine
hagiography (pp. 173–195). Farnham-Surrey: Ashgate.
Teja, R. (1999). Emperadores,
obispos, monjes y mujeres. Protagonistas del cristianismo
antiguo. Madrid: Trotta.
van Mal-Maeder, D. (2004). Moi,
Cyprien d’Antioche, magicien du
diable. In O. Bianchi & O. Thévenaz (eds.), Mirabilia.
Conceptions et représentations de l’extraordinaire dans le monde
antique (pp. 115–13)0. Bern: Peter Lang.
Van Pelt, J. (2018): Saints
in disguise: performance in The life of John
Kalyvites (BGH 868), The life of Theodora of
Alexandria (BHG 1727) and The life of Symeon
Salos (BHG
1677). In Ch. Messis, M. Mullett & I. Nilsson (eds.), Storytelling
in Byzantium. Narratological approaches to Byzantine texts and
images (pp. 137–157). Uppsala: Universiteit.
van Uytfanghe, M. (1993). L’hagiographie:
un genre chrétien ou antique
tardif? Analecta
Bollandiana, 111, 135–188.
Varvounis, M. (1998). Les
traditions populaires byzantines dans les textes
hagiographiques. Byzantiaká, 18, 153–170.
Vinson, M. (1999). The
life of Theodora and the rhetoric of the Byzantine bride
show. Jahrbuch der Österreichischen
Byzantinistik, 49, 31–60.
Vogt, K. (1987). La
moniale folle du monastère des Tabennésiotes. Une interprétation du
chapitre 34 de l’Historia Lausiaca de
Pallade. Symbola
Osloensia, 62, 95–108.
Walker, A. (2003). Wife
and husband, ‘a golden
team. In I. Kalavrezou (ed.), Byzantine
women and their
world (pp. 215–231). Cambridge, MA: Yale University Press.
(2003b). Enhancing
the body, neglecting the
soul?. In I. Kalavrezou (ed.), Byzantine
women and their
world (pp. 232–27). Cambridge: MA, Yale University Press.
Ward, B. (1987). Harlots
of the desert. A study of repentance in early monastic
sources. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publication.
