In:The Hero Reloaded: The reinvention of the classical hero in contemporary mass media
Edited by Rosario López Gregoris and Cristóbal Macías Villalobos
[IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature 23] 2020
► pp. 103–128
Horrible deaths, grotesque deaths
Inversion of the heroic model and construction of the reader-viewer
Published online: 10 March 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.23.c5
https://doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.23.c5
Abstract
The aim of this essay is to analyze several instances of the
reversal of the hero’s glorious death, the critical moment of his/her
career. In order to achieve this goal, I have selected some of most
outstanding passages from Lucan’s Civil War, for instance
Sceva’s aristeia (6.138–262), and the episode of the
Asbyte’s death by the flavian epicist Silius Italicus
(Punica 2.189–210).
After having studied the resources employed by the Roman writers,
I compare them with the means of description of the grotesque deaths in the
TV series Spartacus (2010–2013), a product of mass culture
alien to the academic world. Both the similarities and the differences
raised by this comparison are relevant to understanding the meaning of this
kind of representation.
Keywords: hero, death, grotesque, Roman epic, Lucan, Silius Italicus, reception, TV series, Spartacus
Article outline
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
Notes References
References (52)
Augoustakis, Antony, and Cyrino, Monica S., eds. 2017. Starz Spartacus. Reimagining an Icon on Screen, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Badalì, Renato. 2008. “De Lucano a Stephen King: il nostro incubo
quotidiano.” In Arma virumque cano … L'epica dei greci e dei
romani, ed. by Renato Uglione, 159–182. Alessandria: Edizioni dell'Orso.
Bartolomé, Jesús. 2010. “Los desastres de la guerra civil. Una lectura de
Lucano a través de Goya.” In Los desastres de la guerra: Mirada, palabra e
imagen, dir. by Jesús Bartolomé, 111–136. Madrid: Liceus.
. 2013. “La narración literaria como espectáculo: el combate
con espectadores.” In Otium cum dignitate. Estudios en honor al profesor José
Javier Iso Echegoyen, ed. by José Antonio Beltrán, Alfredo Encuentra, Gonzalo Fontana, Ana Isabel Magallón, and Rosa María Marina, 215–225. Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza.
Bartsch, Shadi. 1997. Ideology in Cold Blood. A Reading of Lucan’s Civil War. Cambridge, Mass.-London: Harvard University Press.
Borzsák, István. 1973. “
Spectaculum. Ein motiv der ‘tragischen
Geschichtsschreibung’ bei Livius und Tacitus.” AClass 9: 57–67.
Castagna, Luigi. 2002. “Il sublime ‘neogotico’ in Lucano.” In Pervertere: Ästhetik der Verkehrung. Literatur und Kultur
neronischer Zeit und ihre Rezeption, ed. by Luigi Castagna, and Gregor Vogt-Spira, 97–104. München-Leipzig: De Gruyter.
Conte, Gian Biagio. 1988 [1981]. La ‘Guerra civile’ di Lucano. Studi e prove di
commento. Urbino: QuattroVenti .
Edwards, Catherine. 1994. “Beware of Imitations: Theatre and the Subversion of Imperial
Identity.” In Reflections of Nero. Culture, History and Representation, ed. by Jas Elsner, and Jamie Masters, 83–97. London: Duckworth.
Eldred, Katherine O. 2002. “This Ship of Fools. Epic Vision in Lucan’s Vulteius
Episode.” In The Roman Gaze. Vision, Power, and the Body, ed. by David Frederick, 57–85. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.
Estèves, Aline. 2006. “Poétique de l’horreur dans l’épopée et
l’historiographie latines, de l’époque cicéronienne à l’époque flavienne:
imaginaire, esthétique, réception.” L’Information Littéraire 2: 27–32.
Fitzgerald, William. 2013. How to Read a Latin Poem. If You Can’t Read Latin Yet. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gardner, Hunter H. and Potter, Amanda. 2017. «Violence and Voyeurism in the Arena.» In Starz Spartacus. Reimagining an Icon on Screen, ed. by Antony Augoustakis and Monica S. Cyrino, 211–228. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Gervais, Kyle. 2013. “Viewing violence in Statius’ Thebaid and the
films of Quentin Tarantino.” In Epic Visions: Visuality in Greek and Latin Epic and its
Reception, ed. by Helen Lovatt, and Caroline Vout, 139–167. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gorman, Vanessa. 2000. “Lucan’s Epic Aristeia and the Hero of the
Bellum Civile.” The Classical Journal 96: 263–290.
Hardwick, Lorna, and Stephen Harrison. 2013. Classics in the Modern World. A ‘Democratic’ Turn? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Henderson, John 1998 [1987]. “Lucan. The Word at War.” In Fighting for Rome. Poets and Caesars, History and Civil War, ed. by John Henderson, 165–211. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hömke, Nicola. 2010. “Bit by Bit towards Death- Lucan’s Scaeva and the Aesthetisization
of Dying.” In Lucans “Bellum Civile”. Between Epic Tradition and Aesthetic
Innovation, ed. by Nicola Hömke, and Christiane Reitz, 91–104. New York: De Gruyter.
Johnson, Walter Ralph. 1987. Momentary Monsters. Lucan and his Heroes, Ithaca-London: Cornell University Press.
Kayser, Wolfgang. 1981. The Grotesque in Art and Literature. [orig. 1st ed. 1957]. New York: Columbia University Press.
König, Jason. 2005. Athletics and Literature in the Roman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 2013. The Epic Gaze: Vision, Gender and Narrative in Ancient Epic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Macías Villalobos, Cristóbal. 2013. “Aplicaciones didácticas de los videojuegos en el
ámbito del mundo clásico.” RELat 13: 203–238.
Malamud, Margaret. 2001. “Serial Romans.” In Imperial Projections. Ancient Rome in Roman Culture, ed. by Sandra R. Joshel, Margaret Malamud, and Donald T. McGuire, 209–228. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
Mazzocchini, Paolo. 2000. Forme e significati della narrazione bellica nell’epos
virgiliano. Fasano: Schena.
McAuley, Alex. 2017. “Base Pleasures, Spectacle, and Society”. In Starz Spartacus. Reimagining an Icon on Screen, ed. by Antony Augoustakis, and Monica S. Cyrino, 175–191. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
McNeil, David. 1990. The Grotesque Depiction of War and the Military in 18th Century English Fiction. Newark, N.J. Associated University Presses Inc.
Meteling, Arno. 2006. Monster: Zu Körperlichkeit und Medialität im modernen
Horrorfilm. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag.
Metger, Wilhelm. 1970 [1957]. “Kampf und Tod in Lucans Pharsalia.” In Lucan, ed. by Wener Rutz, 422–438. Darmstad: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
Micozzi, Laura. 1999. “Aspetti dell’influenza di Lucano nella
Tebaide.” In Interpretare Lucano. Miscellanea di studi, ed. by Paolo Esposito, and Luciano Nicastri, 343–387. Napoli: Arte Tipografica.
Most, Glenn. 1992. “
Disiecti membra poetae: The Rhetoric of Dismemberment in
Neronian Poetry.” In Innovations in Antiquity, ed. by Ralph Hexter, and Daniel Selden, 391–419. London: Routledge.
Narducci, Emanuele. 1999. “Deconstructing Lucano ovvero le nozze (coi fichi
secchi) di Ermete Trismegisto e di Filologia.” In Interpretare Lucano. Miscellanea di studi, ed. by Paolo Esposito, and Luciano Nicastri, 39–83. Napoli: Arte Tipografica.
Ndalianis, Angela. 2004. Neo-Baroque Aesthetics and Contemporary Entertainment. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Reed, Jay D. 2007. Virgil’s Gaze. Nation and Poetry in the Aeneid. Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Rossi, Andreola. 2003. Contexts of War, Manipulation of Genre in Virgilian Battle
Narrative. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Simmons, David. 2011. “’By Jupiter’s Cock!’: Spartacus: Blood and Sand, Video
Games, and Camp Excess.” In Of Muscles and Men: Essays on the Sword and Sandal Films, ed. by Michael G. Corneliu, 144–153. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.
Späth, Thomas, and Margrit Thröhler. 2013. “Muscles and Morals: Spartacus, Ancient Hero of Modern
Times.” In Ancient Worlds in Film and Television. Gender and
Politics, ed. by Almut B. Regner, and Jon Salomon, 41–64. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
