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Article published In: Interaction Studies
Vol. 19:3 (2018) ► pp.445–458

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Communicative, cognitive and emotional issues in selective mutism

A narrative review on elements of a multimodal intervention

 | Uninettuno International University, Rome | Sapienza University of Rome
 | Uninettuno International University, Rome | Sapienza University of Rome
Published online: 13 March 2019
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https://doi.org/10.1075/is.17018.cap
Abstract
Selective mutism (SM) is a developmental disorder characterized by a child’s inability to speak in certain contexts and/or in the presence of unfamiliar interlocutors. This work proposes a critical discussion of the most recent studies on SM, with respect to clinical and diagnostic features, as well as the etiology and treatment of this disorder. At present, all research work supports the hypothesis that SM is a complex anxiety disorder with multifactorial etiology (interaction among biological and environmental causes). The latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; (2013). DSM-5. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar) places SM mutism among “Anxiety Disorders”, and no longer among “Other Childhood, Infant and Adolescent Disorders” (as in DSM-IV). Other important aspects relate to cognitive biases and emotional states at the base of SM, which partly explain the disorder’s persistence and represent an important objective of intervention work. No data in the literature point to a total remission of SM, but good results are achieved with cognitive behavior intervention and multimodal therapy (MMT) involving a variety of child interaction contexts.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Identification and diagnosis
  • 3.Vulnerability conditions and associated issues
    • 3.1Comorbidity
  • 4.Thoughts, emotions and behavior
  • 5.Cognitive-behavioral strategies and integrated intervention
    • 5.1Other means of intervention
  • 6.Conclusions: Clinical and research reflections
  • References
References (51)
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