Article published In: Coordination, Collaboration and Cooperation: Interdisciplinary perspectives
Edited by Federica Amici and Lucas M. Bietti
[Interaction Studies 16:3] 2015
► pp. 451–473
Collaboration in collaborative learning
Michael J. Baker | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Telecom ParisTech, France | michael.baker@telecom-paristech.fr
Published online: 31 December 2015
https://doi.org/10.1075/is.16.3.05bak
https://doi.org/10.1075/is.16.3.05bak
This paper presents a theorisation of collaborative activity that was developed in the research field known as “collaborative learning”, in order to understand the processes of co-elaboration of meaning and knowledge. Collaboration, as distinguished from cooperation, coordination and collective activity, is defined as a continued and conjoined effort towards elaborating a “joint problem space” of shared representations of the problem to be solved. An approach to analysing the processes of co-construction of a joint problem space is outlined, in terms of inter-discursive operations, together with approaches to defining different forms of cooperative activity. In conclusion, the specificity of this approach to defining collaboration is discussed in relation to other fields of research.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Collaborative learning research: Situations, cooperation and collaboration
- 3.General characteristics of group work in learning situations
- 4.Collaboration, cooperation, collective activity and coordination
- 5.Collaboration processes and forms of cooperation
- 6.Knowledge co-elaboration processes
- 7.Forms of cooperation
- 8.Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgements
References
References (74)
Allwood, J. (1997). Dialog as collective thinking. In P. Pylkkänen, P. Pylkkö, & A. Hautamäki, (Eds.), Brain, mind and physics (pp. 205–211). Amsterdam: IOS Press.
Andriessen, J., & Coirier, P. (Eds.) (1999). Foundations of argumentative text processing. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam Press.
Andriessen, J., Baker, M., & van der Puil, C. (2011). Socio-cognitive tension in collaborative working relations. In S. Ludvigsen, A. Lund, I. Rasmussen & R. Saljo (Eds.), Learning across sites: New tools, infrastructures and practices (pp. 222–242). London: Routledge.
Andriessen, J., Baker, M.J., & Suthers, D. (Eds.) (2003). Arguing to learn: Confronting cognitions in computer-supported collaborative learning environments. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Aronson, E., Blaney, N., Sikes, J., Stephan, C., & Snapp, M. (1987). The jigsaw classroom. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Azmitia, M. (1988). Peer interaction and problem solving: When are two heads better than one? Child Development, 591, 87–96.
Baker, M.J. (2009). Intersubjective and intrasubjective rationalities in pedagogical debates: Realizing what one thinks. In B. Schwarz, T. Dreyfus, & R. Hershkowitz (Eds.), Transformation of knowledge through classroom interaction (pp. 145–158). London: Routledge.
Baker, M.J., Bernard, F.X., & Dumez-Féroc, I. (2012). Integrating computer-supported collaborative learning into the classroom: the anatomy of a failure. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 281, 161–176.
Baker, M.J. (1994). A model for negotiation in teaching-learning dialogues. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 5(2), 199–254.
. (1995). Negotiation in collaborative problem-solving dialogues. In R.J. Beun, M.J. Baker, & M. Reiner (Eds.), Dialogue and instruction: Modeling interaction in intelligent tutoring systems (pp. 39–55). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
. (1999). Argumentation and constructive interaction. In J. Andriessen & P. Coirier (Eds.), Foundations of argumentative text processing (pp. 179–202). Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam Press.
. (2002a). Argumentative interactions, discursive operations and learning to model in science. In P. Brna, M. Baker, K. Stenning & A. Tiberghien (Eds.), The role of communication in learning to model (pp. 303–324). Mahwah N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
. (2002b). Forms of cooperation in dyadic problem solving. Revue d’Intelligence Artificielle, 16(4-5), 587–620.
. (2003). Computer-mediated argumentative interactions for the co-elaboration of scientific notions. In J. Andriessen, M.J. Baker & D. Suthers (Eds.), Arguing to learn: Confronting cognitions in computer-supported collaborative learning environments (pp. 47–78). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
. (2004). Recherches sur l’élaboration de connaissances dans le dialogue. [Research on the elaboration of knowledge in dialogue]. Thèse d’Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches. Psychologie, Université Nancy 2. [URL]
. (2008). Formes et processus de la résolution coopérative de problèmes : Des savoirs aux pratiques éducatives [Forms and processes of cooperative problem-solving: from knowledge to educational practice]. In Y. Rouiller & K. Lehraus (Eds.), Vers des apprentissages en coopération : Rencontres et perspectives [Towards learning in cooperation: encouters and perspectives] (pp. 107–130). Berne: Peter Lang.
Baker, M.J., & Lund, K. (1997). Promoting reflective interactions in a computer-supported collaborative learning environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 131, 175–193.
Baker, M.J., Andriessen, J., & Järvelä, S. (2013). Affective learning together: Social and emotional dimensions of collaborative learning. London: Routledge.
Baker, M.J., Hansen, T., Joiner, R., & Traum, D. (1999). The role of grounding in collaborative learning tasks. In P. Dillenbourg (Ed.), Collaborative learning: Cognitive and computational approaches (pp. 31–63). London: Pergamon/Elsevier Science.
Chu-Carroll, J., & Carberry, S. (2000). Conflict resolution in collaborative planning dialogues. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 53(6), 969–1015.
Clark, H.H., & Brennan, S. (1991). Grounding in communication. In L.B. Resnick, J.M. Levine & S.D. Teasley (Eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition (pp. 127–149). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Crook, C. (2013). Varieties of “togetherness” in learning — and their mediation. In M.J. Baker, J. Andriessen & S. Järvelä (Eds.) Affective learning together: Social and emotional dimensions of collaborative learning (pp. 33–51). London: Routledge.
Détienne, F., Barcellini, F., Baker, M., Burkhardt, J-M., & Fréard, F. (2012). Online epistemic communities: Theoretical and methodological directions for understanding knowledge co-elaboration in new digital spaces. Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, 41(1), 3511–3518.
Dillenbourg, P. (1999b). Introduction: What do you mean by “collaborative learning”? In P. Dillenbourg (Ed.), Collaborative learning: Cognitive and computational approaches (pp. 1–19). Oxford: Elsevier Science.
. (2002). Over-scripting CSCL: The risks of blending collaborative learning with instructional design. In P.A. Kirschner (Ed.), Three worlds of CSCL. Can we support CSCL? (pp. 61–91). Heerlen: Open Universiteit Nederland Press.
. (Ed.) (1999a). Collaborative learning: Cognitive and computational approaches. Oxford: Elsevier Science.
Dillenbourg, P., Baker, M.J., Blaye, A., & O’Malley, C. (1996). The evolution of research on collaborative learning. In H. Spada. & P. Reimann (Eds.), Learning in humans and machines, (pp. 189–205). London: Pergamon.
Doise, W., Mugny, G., & Perret-Clermont, A.N. (1975). Social interaction and cognitive development. European Journal of Social Psychology, 51, 367–83.
Dourish, P., & Bellotti, V. (1992). Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces.
Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW 1992)
(pp. 107–114). New York: ACM Publications.
Edwards, D. (1993). But what do children really think?: Discourse analysis and conceptual content in children’s talk. Cognition and Instruction, 11(3–4), 207–225.
Edwards, D., & Middleton, D. (1986). Joint remembering: Constructing an account of shared experience through conversational discourse. Discourse Processes, 91, 423–459.
Fischer, F., Kollar, I., Mandl, H., & Haake, J.M. (Eds.) (2007). Scripting computer-supported collaborative learning: Cognitive, computational and educational perspectives. Berlin: Springer.
Flavell, J.H. (2004). Theory-of-mind development: Retrospect and prospect. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 50(3), 274–290.
Forman, E.A. (1992). Discourse, intersubjectivity, and the development of peer collaboration: A vygotskian approach. In L.T. Winegar & J. Valsiner (Eds.), Children’s development within social context: Vol 2. metatheoritical, theoretical and methodological issues, (pp. 143–159). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Garrod, S., & Pickering, M.J. (2004). Why is conversation so easy? TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 8(1), 8–11.
Gilly, M., Fraise, J., & Roux, J.P. (1988). Interactions entre pairs et progrès cognitifs dans trois tâches de résolution de problèmes chez des enfants de onze-treize ans [Interactions between peers and cognitive progress in three problem-solving tasks]. In A.N. Perret-Clermont & M. Nicolet (Eds.), Interagir et connaître : Enjeux et régulations sociales dans le développement cognitive [Interacting and Knowing: social stakes and regulations in cognitive development]. Fribourg: DelVal.
Goffman, E. (1956). The presentation of self in everyday life. University of Edinburgh Social Sciences Research Centre, Monograph No. 2. Downloaded from the Internet on 15 April 2015. [URL]
Grize, J.B. (1982). De la logique à l’argumentation. [From logic to argumentation]. Genève: Librairie Droz.
Grootendorst, R. (1998). Innocence by dissociation. A Pragma-dialectical analysis of the fallacy of incorrect dissociation in the vatican document ‘we remember: A reflection on the shoah’. In
Proceedings of the Conference of the International Society for the Study of Argumentation (ISSA, Amsterdam 1998). Downloaded from the Internet on 15 April 2015. [URL]
Grosz, B., & Sidner, C. (1990). Plans for discourse. In P.R. Cohen, J. Morgan, & M.E. Pollack (Eds.), Intentions in Communication (pp. 417–444). Cambridge, Massachussetts: MIT Press.
Hamann, K., Warneken, F., Greenberg, J., & Tomasello, M. (2011). Collaboration encourages equal sharing in children but not chimpanzees. Nature, 4761, 328–331.
Joiner, R., & Littleton, K. (2013). Paper and computers: Gender differences in children’s conversations in collaborative activities. In M.J. Baker, J. Andriessen, & S. Järvelä (Eds.), Affective learning together: Social and emotional dimensions of collaborative learning, (pp. 120–135). London: Routledge.
Jones, A., & Issroff, K. (2005). Learning technologies: Affective and social issues in computer-supported collaborative learning. Computers and Education, 441, 395–408.
Küçüközer, A. (2005). L’étude de l’évolution de la comprehension conceptuelle des élèves avec un enseignement. Cas de la mécanique en 1ère S [Study of the evolution of conceptual uniderstanding of students with teaching. The case of mechanics at 11 grade]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon (France).
Leont’ev, A.N. (1979). The problem of activity in psychology. In J.V. Wertsch (Ed.), The concept of activity in soviet psychology. New York: Sharpe, Inc.
Mann, W.C., & Thompson, S.A. (1988). Rhetorical structure theory: Toward a functional theory of text organisation. Text, 8(3), 243–281.
Mercer, N., Wegerif, R., & Dawes, L. (1999). Children’s talk and the development of reasoning in the classroom. British Educational Research Journal, 25(1), 95–111.
Moeschler, J. (1985). Argumentation et conversation: Ěléments pour une analyse pragmatique du discours [Argumentation and Conversation: Elements for a pragmatic analysis of discourse]. Paris: Hatier.
Muller Mirza, N., & Perret-Clermont, A. (Eds.) (2009). Argumentation and education: Theoretical foundations and practices. New York: Springer.
Mullins, D., Rummel, N., & Spada, H. (2011). Are two heads always better than one? Differential effects of collaboration on students’ computer-supported learning in mathematics. International Journal of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, 6(3), 421–443.
Perelman, C., & Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. (1957). Traité de l’argumentation. La nouvelle rhétorique. [A treatise on argumentation: the new rhetoric].Bruxelles: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles.
Quignard, M. (2000). Modélisation cognitive de l’argumentation dialoguée. Étude de dialogues d’élèves en résolution de problème de sciences physiques [Cognitive modelling of argumentation dialogue. A study of students’ physics problem-solving dialogues]. Thèse en sciences cognitives [unpublished Ph.D. thesis in cognitive science], Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 1 (France).
Rommetveit, R. (1979). On the architecture of intersubjectivity. In R. Rommetveit & R.M. Blaker (Eds.), Studies of language, thought, and verbal communication (pp. 93–108). London: Academic Press.
. (1985). Language acquisition as increasing linguistic structuring of experience and symbolic behaviour control. In J. Wertsch (Ed.), Culture communication and cognition: Vygotskian perspectives (pp. 183–204). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Roschelle, J., & Teasley, S.D. (1995). The construction of shared knowledge in collaborative problem solving. In C. O’Malley (Ed.), Computer supported collaborative learning (pp. 69–97). Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Schmidt, K. (1994). Cooperative work and its articulation: Requirements for computer support. Le Travail Humain, 57(4), 345–366.
Sinclair, J., & Coulthard, R.M. (1975). Towards and analysis of discourse: The English used by teachers and pupils. London: Oxford University Press.
Sitri, F. (2003). L’objet du débat: La construction des objets de discours dans des situations argumentatives orales. [The object of debate: The construction of discursive objects in oral argumentative situations]. Paris: Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle.
Slavin, R.E. (1983). When does cooperative learning increase student achievement? Psychological Bulletin, 941, 429–445.
. (1989). Research on cooperative learning: Consensus and controversy. Educational Leadership, 471, 52–54.
Spada, H., Meier, A., Rummel, N., & Hauser, S. (2005). A new method to assess the quality of collaborative process in CSCL. In T. Koschmann, D. Suthers & T.W. Chan (Eds.), Proceedings of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning 2005: The Next 10 Years! (pp. 622–631). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Tiberghien, A., & Megalakaki, O. (1995). Contribution to a characterisation of a modelling activity case of a first qualitative approach of energy concept. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 10(4), 369–383.
Vignaux, G. (1988). Le Discours acteur du monde : Enonciation, argumentation et cognition [Discourse, an actor in the world: enunciation, argumentation and cognition]. Paris: Ophrys.
Vignaux, G. (1990). A cognitive model of argumentation. In F.H. van Eemeren, R. Grootendorst, J.A. Blair & C.A. Willard (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Argumentation, Vol. 11 (June 19-22), Chapter 40 (pp. 303–310).
Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Cited by (100)
Cited by 100 other publications
Baker, Michael J., Jean-Marie Burkhardt, Françoise Détienne & Stéphane Safin
Majdoubi, Nouhayla, FatimaEzzahra Benmarrakchi & Cathal O’Madagain
Zhang, Xiaoni, Megan Heinhold, Amir Karami, Zhilei Qiao & Victor Prybutok
Apedoe, Xornam, Megan Fu, Katherine Nielsen, Rebecca Smith & Jessica Allen
Bringula, Rex P., John Paul P. Miranda & Francis Arlando L. Atienza
Burns, Samantha, Leah Brathwaite, Elaine Hoan, Esther Yu, Sepideh Yasiniyan, Linda White, Elizabeth Dhuey & Michal Perlman
Butarbutar, Ranta
Cohn, Clayton, Caitlin Snyder, Joyce Horn Fonteles, Ashwin T. S., Justin Montenegro & Gautam Biswas
Costley, Jamie, Ksenia Adamovich, Galina Shulgina, Matthew Baldwin & Mik Fanguy
Doherty, Emily, E. Margaret Perkoff, Sean von Bayern, Rui Zhang, Indrani Dey, Michal Bodzianowski, Sadhana Puntambekar & Leanne Hirshfield
Hu, Yaxin & Jack Shu
Liu, Weiming
Loiseau, Benjamin & Stéphane Safin
Ludvigsen, Sten, Hans C. Arnseth, Kenneth Silseth & Rolf Steier
Mansour, Nasser, Ceren Aras, Judith Kleine Staarman & Sarah Bader Mohsen Alotaibi
Ratniyom, Jadsada, Wongsatorn Panmas, Pawinee Rattanakorn & Sumalee Tientongdee
Revelo Sánchez, Oscar, Alexander Barón Salazar & Manuel Ernesto Bolaños
Speer, Samantha, Nickolina Yankova, Joey Huang, Carolyn Rosé, Kylie A Peppler, James McCann & Melisa Orta Martinez
Taranu, Mihaela, Gökçe Elif Baykal, Olof Torgersson & Eva Eriksson
Tupas, Ruanni & Rafael Michael O. Paz
Varajão, João, Micaela Aguiar, Miguel A. Brito & Sílvia Araújo
Vertegaal, Cornelis J. C., Cecilia Martinez, Ramiro Serra, Prem Sundaramoorthy & Mark J. Bentum
Wu, Elaine Yi-Ling
Zadunaisky Ehrlich, Sara
Zhu, Qisen, Khairul Azhar Jamaludin, Jinglong Li & Semiu Olawale Makinde
Alho, Janni, Eija Hanhimäki & Sirpa Eskelä-Haapanen
Baker, Michael & Peter Reimann
Cotič, Mara, Daniel Doz, Matija Jenko & Amalija Žakelj
Cullington, Lisa, Mary Villani, Nur Dean, Moaath Alrajab, Arthur Hoskey & Ilknur Aydin
Granados-López, Hedilberto, Johan Hernán Pérez, Jonathan Porras-Muñoz, Yamile Pedraza-Jiménez & Felipe Antonio Gallego-López
Granados-López, Hedilberto & Diego Andrés Álvarez Polo
Kolm, Alexandra, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, Janneke Frambach, Koen Vanherle & Jascha de Nooijer
Liu, Yi-Lin Elim, Tseng-Pin Lee & Yueh-Min Huang
Lobo, Inês, Janin Koch, Jennifer Renoux, Inês Batina & Rui Prada
Mutch, Stephen & Sian Knott
Näykki, Piia, Saara Pyykkönen, Jenni Latva‐aho, Tuula Nousiainen, Emilia Ahlström & Tapio Toivanen
Pachura, Aneta
Revelo-Sánchez, Oscar, César A. Collazos & Alexander A. Barón
Salminen, Timo, Minna Lakkala, Liisa Ilomäki & Miika Marttunen
Schürmann, Verena, Nicki Marquardt & Daniel Bodemer
Shaby, Neta, Orit Ben-Zvi Assaraf & Nicole Pillemer Koch
Stephen, Jacqueline S.
Tucker, Andrea, Cédric Fluckiger & Thierry Gidel
Zhou, Tong & Jordi Colomer
Baker, Michael J., Gwen Pallarès, Talli Cedar, Noa Brandel, Lucas Bietti, Baruch Schwarz & Françoise Détienne
Barcellini, Flore, Richard Béarée, Tahar-Hakim Benchekroun, Mouad Bounouar, Willy Buchmann, Gérard Dubey, Anne-Cécile Lafeuillade, Caroline Moricot, Céline Rosselin-Bareille, Marco Saraceno & Ali Siadat
Chen, Chen-Jung, Huang-Ju Tsai, Mei-Yin Lee, Yi-Chang Chen & Sheng-Miauh Huang
González Grandón, Ximena Andrea
Klein†, Julie Thompson
Kopceva, Natal'ya
Leasa, Marleny & Marthina Eralisa Wuarlela
Rapanta, Chrysi
Rodak, Aleksandra & Małgorzata Pełka
Saito, Toshinori
2023. Educational Support to Develop Socially Disadvantaged Young People’s Digital Skills and Competencies: The Contribution of Collaborative Relationships Toward Young People’s Empowerment. In Towards a Collaborative Society Through Creative Learning [IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 685], ► pp. 75 ff.
Shi, Shiying, Fangfang Zhao, Han Zhang, Hujun Li & Xiaosu Ye
Yang, Hsi-Hsun & Jian-Ying Feng
Zheng, Lanqin, Miaolang Long, Bodong Chen & Yunchao Fan
Zhong, Zheng, Jun Wang, Yaxin Deng, Shuaizhen Jin, Sijia Feng & Ruining Li
Barros Blanco, Beatriz, José Luis Triviño Rodriguez, Mónica Trella López & Javier Marco Rubio
Hansen, Ellen Kristine Solbrekke
Hansen, Ellen Kristine Solbrekke & Margrethe Naalsund
Hansen, Ellen Kristine Solbrekke & Margrethe Naalsund
Hard, Bridgette Martin & Taalin RaoShah
Pöysä-Tarhonen, Johanna, Päivi Häkkinen, Pasi Tarhonen, Piia Näykki & Sanna Järvelä
Özdoğru, Asil Ali
Bail, Chloé Le, François-Xavier Bernard, Michael Baker & Françoise Détienne
Gowripeddi, Venkata Vivek, Manav Chethan Bijjahalli, Nikhil Janardhan & Kalyan Ram Bhimavaram
GP, Harianto, Rusijono Rusijono, Siti Masitoh & W H Setyawan
Hobri, R P Murtikusuma, E Oktavianingtyas, Susanto & I W S Putri
Le Bail, Chloé, Michael J. Baker, Françoise Détienne, François-Xavier Bernard, Lamprini Chartofylaka & Thomas Forissier
Mayweg-Paus, Elisabeth & Maria Zimmermann
Mayweg-Paus, Elisabeth, Maria Zimmermann, Nguyen-Thinh Le & Niels Pinkwart
Pöysä-Tarhonen, Johanna, Nafisa Awwal, Päivi Häkkinen & Suzanne Otieno
Tham, Jason Chew Kit
Zimmermann, Maria & Elisabeth Mayweg-Paus
Barcellini, Flore
Baykal, Gökçe Elif, Eva Eriksson, Wolmet Barendregt, Olof Torgersson & Staffan Bjork
Inawati, P A, Hobri, D S Pambudi, E Guswanto & A R Sya’roni
Isohätälä, Jaana, Piia Näykki & Sanna Järvelä
Jordan, Rebecca Lee Payne & Mary Bratsch-Hines
Järvenoja, Hanna, Jonna Malmberg, Tiina Törmänen, Kristiina Mänty, Eetu Haataja, Sara Ahola & Sanna Järvelä
Kim, Nam Ju, Brian R. Belland, Mason Lefler, Lindi Andreasen, Andrew Walker & Daryl Axelrod
Männistö, Merja, Kristina Mikkonen, Heli‐Maria Kuivila, Mari Virtanen, Helvi Kyngäs & Maria Kääriäinen
Rozimela, Yenni
Sundgren, Marcus & Jimmy Jaldemark
Tham, Jason Chew Kit, Jeremy Rosselot-Merritt, Saveena (Chakrika) Veeramoothoo, Nathan William Bollig & Ann Hill Duin
Baker, Michael J. & Françoise Détienne
Baker, Michael J. & Baruch B. Schwarz
2019. “Argumentexturing”. In Argumentation in Actual Practice [Argumentation in Context, 17], ► pp. 195 ff.
Farrokhnia, Mohammadreza, Héctor J. Pijeira-Díaz, Omid Noroozi & Javad Hatami
Näykki, Piia, Jari Laru, Essi Vuopala, Pirkko Siklander & Sanna Järvelä
Pandit, Djananjay & Ajay Bansal
Pijeira-Díaz, Héctor J., Hendrik Drachsler, Sanna Järvelä & Paul A. Kirschner
Tucker, Andrea, Thierry Gidel & Cédric Fluckiger
Bietti, Lucas M & Michael J Baker
Haataja, Eetu, Jonna Malmberg & Sanna Järvelä
Klein, Julie Thompson
Klein, Julie Thompson
Koch, Janin & Antti Oulasvirta
Koivuniemi, Marika, Hanna Järvenoja & Sanna Järvelä
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 16 march 2026. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
