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Article published In: Interaction Studies
Vol. 16:1 (2015) ► pp.68–88

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Mental models of robots among senior citizens

An interview study of interaction expectations and design implications

 | College at Brockport, USA
 | Penn State University, USA
 | Penn State University, USA | Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
 | Penn State University, USA
Published online: 17 August 2015
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https://doi.org/10.1075/is.16.1.04wal
An emerging topic in robot design and scholarly research is socially assistive robots (SAR) for senior citizens. Compared to robots in other sectors, SARs can augment their assistive-utilitarian functions by offering social, emotional, and cognitive support to seniors. This study draws upon interviews with 45 senior citizens to understand this group’s expectations for human-robot interactions (HRI) and their anticipated needs for robots. Our grounded theory analysis suggests that senior citizens expect robots to meet three types of needs: physical, informational, and interactional. Furthermore, they seek assurances that they will have complete control over interactions with robots. Findings show that seniors’ mental models about robots are shaped by their recent experiences with advanced communications technologies and mediated representations of robots in popular culture. Findings are discussed in light of practical design considerations and two theoretical perspectives.
Article outline
  • 1.Literature review
    • 1.1Mental models and HRI
    • 1.2CASA paradigm
    • 1.3Robot expectations: Roles, tasks and appearance
  • 2.Methods
    • 2.1Participants
    • 2.2Data analysis
  • 3.Results
    • 3.1Retirees’ mental models of robot roles
    • 3.2Anticipated human-robot interactions
    • 3.3Three needs for robots
    • 3.4Interactional needs
    • 3.5Information needs
    • 3.6Physical needs
  • 4.Discussion
    • 4.1Design implications
    • 4.2Theoretical considerations
    • 4.3Limitations
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
References (41)
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