Article published In: Beyond Words: Pragmatic approaches to visual discourses in digital interactions
Edited by Agnese Sampietro and Carmen Pérez-Sabater
[Internet Pragmatics 8:2] 2025
► pp. 267–294
“Dump her!”
Stancetaking in multimodal replies to ‘Am I the Asshole?’ Twitter posts
Published online: 17 July 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00128.mar
https://doi.org/10.1075/ip.00128.mar
Abstract
This paper investigates the function of visual and textual elements in stancetaking, using a small corpus of 58
multimodal reply posts containing GIFs/images along with co-text and/or embedded text. The posts respond to nine Twitter reposts
from the sub-reddit “Am I the Asshole?”, in which users post situations in which they, or another person, may have been acting
reprehensibly and ask the readers for their judgement. Reply GIFs, images, and texts relate to each other and to the original post
in different ways, frequently constructing multiple stances, which may be simultaneously positive towards one stance object, and
negative towards another, thus achieving the communicative goal of passing judgement on the events. Stances can be conveyed
explicitly or implicitly, and riff on the original not only through text but also through the visuals, taking a stance through the
combination of text and image.
Keywords: stancetaking, multimodality, GIF, reacting, graphicon, identity, Twitter
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Literature review
- 2.1Stancetaking
- 2.2Graphicons
- 3.Methods
- 3.1Am I the Asshole?’ on Reddit and Twitter
- 3.2Data collection and analysis
- 4.Analysis
- 4.1Positive affect
- 4.2Negative affect
- 4.3Mixed affect
- 5.Discussion
- 6.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
References
References (31)
Al Zidjaly, Najma. 2024. “Stance
and food activism on Arabic Twitter (X): A multimodal analysis.” Multimodal
Communication 13(2): 97–115.
Andries, Fien, Katharina Meissl, Clarissa De Vries, Kurt Feyaerts, Bert Oben, Paul Sambre, Myriam Vermeerbergen, and Geert Brône. 2023. “Multimodal
stance-taking in interaction — A systematic literature review.” Frontiers in
Communication 81, 118797.
Bakhshi, Saeideh, David A. Shamma, Lyndon Kennedy, Yale Song, Paloma De Juan, and Joseph Kaye. 2016. “Fast,
cheap, and good: Why animated GIFs engage us.” CHI ’16: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference
on Human Factors in Computing Systems: 575–586.
Biri, Ylva. 2023a. “Affective
stance as positioning in an English-speaking online fan community.” Journal of
Pragmatics 2151: 70–83.
. 2023b. “Stancetaking
in interest-based online communities: A corpus pragmatic comparative analysis.” Doctoral
dissertation, University of Helsinki.
Bois, John W. Du, and Elise Kärkkäinen. 2012. “Taking
a stance on emotion: Affect, sequence, and intersubjectivity in dialogic interaction.” Text
&
Talk 32(4): 433–451.
Bourlai, Elli, and Susan C. Herring. 2014. “Multimodal
communication on Tumblr.” In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM Conference
on Web Science, 171–175. Bloomington, Indiana: ACM.
de Vries, Clarissa, Fien Andries, and Katharina Meissl. 2024. “Mocking
enactments: A case study of multimodal stance-stacking.” Frontiers in
Psychology 151, 1379593.
D’Errico, Francesca and Isabella Poggi. 2016. “‘The
bitter laughter’: When parody is a moral and affective priming in political
persuasion.” Frontiers in
Psychology 71, 1144.
Du Bois, John W. 2007. “The stance
triangle.” In Stancetaking in Discourse: Subjectivity, Evaluation,
Interaction, ed. by Robert Englebretson, 139–182. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gee, James Paul. 2005. “Semiotic social spaces and
affinity spaces: From the age of mythology to today’s
schools.” In Beyond Communities of
Practice, ed. by David Barton, and Karin Tusting, 214–234. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gee, James Paul, and Elizabeth R. Hayes. 2011. Language
and Learning in the Digital
Age. Abingdon: Routledge.
Giaxoglou, Korina, and Tereza Spilioti. 2020. “The
shared story of #JeSuisAylan on Twitter: Story participation and stancetaking in visual small
stories.” Pragmatics 30(2): 277–302.
Hautsch, Jessica. 2018. “Tumblr’s
supernatural fandom and the rhetorical affordance of GIFs.” Transformative Works and
Cultures 271.
Herring, Susan C., and Dainas, Ashley. 2017. “‛Nice
picture comment!’: Graphicons in Facebook comment threads.” In Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii
International Conference on System Sciences, 2185–2194. Los Alamitos: IEEE Press.
Highfield, Tim, and Tama Leaver. 2016. “Instagrammatics
and digital methods: Studying visual social media, from selfies and GIFs to memes and
emoji.” Communication Research and
Practice 2(1): 47–62.
Jiang, Jialun Aaron, Casey Fiesler, and Jed R. Brubaker. 2018. “‘The
perfect one’: Understanding communication practices and challenges with animated
GIFs.” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer
Interaction 2 (CSCW), article 80.
Jones, Rodney H., Alice Chik, and Christoph A. Hafner. 2015. “Introduction:
Discourse analysis and digital practices.” In Discourse and Digital
Practices, ed. by Rodney H. Jones, Alice Chik, and Christoph A. Hafner, 1–17. Abingdon: Routledge.
Kiesling, Scott, Umashanthi Pavalanathan, Jim Fitzpatrick, Xiaochuang Han, and Jacob Eisenstein. 2018. “Interactional
stancetaking in online forums.” Computational
Linguistics 44(4): 683–718.
Lindholm, Loukia. 2024. “Temporality
in reaction GIFs as multimodal virtual performatives.” In Structures
in Discourse: Interaction, Adaptability, and Pragmatic Functions, ed. by Martin Gill, Aino Malmivirta, and Brita Wårvik, 103–123. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Luzón, Maria-José. 2023. “Multimodal
practices of research groups in Twitter: An analysis of stance and engagement.” English for
Specific Purposes 701: 17–32.
Marino, Francesca. 2023. “#Twospirit:
Identity construction through stance-taking on TikTok.” Discourse, Context &
Media 541, 100711.
Martin, James R., and Peter R. R. White. 2005. The
Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in
English. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Marwick, Alice E., and danah boyd. 2011. “I
tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined
audience.” New Media and
Society 13(1): 114–133.
McCambridge, Laura. 2022. “Describing
the voice of online bullying: An analysis of stance and voice type in YouTube
comments.” Discourse, Context &
Media 451, 100552.
Miltner, Kate M., and Tim Highfield. 2017. “Never
gonna GIF you up: Analyzing the cultural significance of the animated GIF.” Social Media and
Society 3(3).
Page, Ruth, David Barton, Johann W. Unger, and Michele Zappavigna. 2014. Researching
Language and Social Media: A Student
Guide. Abingdon: Routledge.
Shmueli, Boaz, Soumya Ray, and Lun Wei Ku. 2021. “Happy
dance, slow clap: Using reaction GIFs to predict induced affect on
Twitter.” In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the
Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume
2: Short Papers), ed. by Chengqing Zong, Fei Xia, Wenjie Li, and Roberto Navigli, 395–401. Association for Computational Linguistics.
