Cover not available

In:Dutch and Contact Linguistics: The Dutch language outside the Low Countries
Edited by Christopher Joby and Nicoline van der Sijs
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 55] 2025
► pp. 82–118

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
EPUB logo with download linkDownload Book EPUB
authorization required

Chapter 3
Dutch-Polish bilingualism in the seventeenth century

Places, communities, and mechanisms of language contact

ORCiD logo with link | Radboud University
Published online: 4 July 2025
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.55.03hul
Abstract
The seventeenth century was a period of thriving Dutch-Polish bilingualism. This chapter explores this understudied subject by examining how people in the United Provinces and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth encountered and learned each other’s languages, as well as by analysing places and communities in which Dutch-Polish bilingualism was particularly prevalent. It argues that, despite an apparent lack of relevant education infrastructures, Dutch-Polish bilingualism flourished in (1) Gdańsk, which attracted hundreds if not thousands of Netherlandish migrants, (2) Franeker, where numerous Calvinists from Poland-Lithuania came to study, (3) Leiden, which welcomed even more Polish students, including Socinians/Polish Brethren, and (4) Amsterdam, which became a home for several dozen Socinian families and hundreds of Jews from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The main catalyst for Dutch-Polish bilingualism was migration, which was in turn fuelled by economic interests, intellectual pursuits, religious persecutions, and social relations. The chapter finishes by offering various future lines of inquiry.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Getting acquainted
    • 2.1Dutch encounters with Polish
    • 2.2Polish encounters with Dutch
  • 3.Locating bilingualism
    • 3.1Gdańsk: Netherlandish merchants and makers
    • 3.2Franeker: Polish-Lithuanian Calvinists
    • 3.3Leiden and Amsterdam: Polish Brethren
    • 3.4Amsterdam: ‘Polish’ Jews
  • 4.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
References (140)
Bibliography
Manuscript sources
[Album amicorum of Janus Dousa]. 1563–1597. Leiden University Library, BPL 1406.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
[Arnold, Mikołaj]. 1656. Satyr Belgo-Polonus. PAN Gdańsk Library, Rkps 1204.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Geijsbers, Tamme. ca. 1636–1647. [Diary]. Leiden University Library, LTK 2293.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
SA (Amsterdam City Archives) 5075, NA (Notary Archives) 1180. 1676, not. Jan de Vos.
SA 5075, NA 1304. 1654, not. Henrick Schaeff.
SA 5075, NA 2249A. 1676, not. Adriaen Lock.
SA 5075, NA 4087. 1678, not. Dirck van der Groe.
Newspapers
Amsterdamse Dingsdaegse Courant. Amsterdam: Willem Arnold en de Weduwe Ossaan, 7 January 1698 (no. 3).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Amsterdamse Donderdaegse Courant. Amsterdam: Willem Arnold en de Weduwe Ossaan, 10 April 1698 (no. 43).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Amsterdamse Donderdaeghse Courant. Amsterdam: Casparus Commelin, 19 June 1687 (no. 25).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Extraordinaire Haerlemse Donderdaeghse Courant. Haarlem: Abraham Casteleyn, 20 June 1669 (no. 25).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ordinaris Dingsdaeghse Courante. Amsterdam: Weduwe Joost Broersz., 6 August 1652 (no. 32).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tydinge uyt verscheyden Quartieren. Amsterdam: Broer Jansz., 30 September 1645 (no. 39).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Other printed sources
“Album przyjaciół Jana Naeranusa.” 1989. Ed. by Katarzyna Kotońska. Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce 34: 169–206.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Apollos Harp, Bestaande in Nederduytsche Mengelrymen. 1658. Amsterdam: Jan Hendriksz. en Jan Rieuwertsz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Applausus Gratulatorius Secundis Nuptiis (…) D. Nicolai Arnoldi (…) Et (…) Annae Pybingae. 1653. Franeker: Idzardus Balck.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Arnold, Mikołaj. 1664. Vorstelijke Rouw-Lijck-ende-Loff-Reeden, Ter geleegentheydt van ’t Beklaagelijke Doods-Gerugt, Van den Doorlughtigsten Prince, ende Heere Wilhelm Frederik. Leeuwarden: Claes Hansen.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bloemkrans van Verscheiden Gedichten, Door eenige Liefhebbers der Poëzij bij een verzamelt. 1659. Amsterdam: Louwijs Spillebout.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bodin, Jean. 1609. Relatiae Powszechne. Abo Nowiny Pospolite: Iana Botera Benesiusa, trans. by Paweł Łęczycki. Kraków: Mikołaj Lob.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boxhornius, Marcus Zuerius. 1654. Originum Gallicarum Liber. Amsterdam: Joannes Janssonius.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brandt, Gerardt. 1688. Poëzy. Amsterdam: Aart Dirksz. Ooszaan.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Breeden-Raedt aende Vereenichde Nederlandsche Provintien. 1649. Antwerpen: Francoys van Duynen.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
De briefwisseling van Constantijn Huygens. Vol. 4: 1644–1649. 1915. Ed. by J. A. Worp. ’s-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Catalogus Librorum Bibliothecae Nobilissimi Clarissimique viri piae memoriae D. Philippi Marnixii Sancto-Aldegondij. Catalogue Van de Boecken des Edelen wijtberoemden Heeren Saligher ghedachtenisse Philips van Marnix Heer van S[ain]te Aldegonde etc. 1599. Leiden: Christophorus Gujotius.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Calepino, Ambrogio. 1590. Dictionarium undecim linguarum. Basel: Sebastianus Henricpetri.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cellarius, Andreas. 1659. Regni Poloniae, Magnique Ducatus Lituaniae. Omniumque regionum juri Polonico Subjectorum. Novissima Descriptio. Amsterdam: Aegidius Janssonius Valckenier.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dyke, Jeremiah. 1656. Een waerdigh Communicant, zynde Een uytmuntend tractaet van’t waerdigh ontfangen des Heyligen Avondtmaels, trans. by Mikołaj Arnold. Franeker: Johannes Arcerius.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1664. IV. Uitgeleesene Predikatien, trans. by Mikołaj Arnold. Leeuwarden: Dominicus Lens.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1669. Een Waerdigh Communicant, Zijnde Een uytnemendt Tractaet van’t waerdigh ontfanghen des Heylighen Avondtmaels, trans. by Mikołaj Arnold. Amsterdam: Johannes van Someren.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ecclesiae Londino-Batavae Archivum. Tomi Tertii Pars Prima. (…) Epistulae et Tractatus. 1897. Ed. by Joannes Henricus Hessels. Cambridge: Typis Academiae/Sumptibus Ecclesiae Londino-Batavae.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jasia Ługowskiego podróże do szkół w cudzych krajach, 1639–1643. 1974. Ed. by Krystyna Muszyńska. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Joosten, Jaques. 1649. De Kleyne Wonderlijcke Werelt. Amsterdam: Dirk Uittenbroek.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1662. De kleyne wonderlijcke Werelt. Amsterdam: Marcus Willemsz. Doornick.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Katalog książek biblioteki Najjaśniejszego i najpotężniejszego króla Polskiego z Bożej łaski, Jana III, szczęśliwie panującego, spisany w 1689 roku. 1879. Kraków/Warszawa: Wł. L. Anczyc i Spółka.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kochanowski, Jan. 2018. Poematy okolicznościowe. Ed. by Roman Krzywy. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sub Lupa.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ojcowskie synom przestrogi. Instrukcje rodzicielskie (XVI-XVII w.). 2017. Ed. by Dorota Żołądź-Strzelczyk and Małgorzata Kowalczyk. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Chronicon.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Opaliński, Krzysztof. 2004. Satyry. Ed. by Jakub Niedźwiedź. Kraków: Universitas.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Oudaen, Joachim. 1689. Bedenkelijke Toepassing, Op eenige Stukken, In de Openbaringe. Rotterdam: Barent Bos.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1712. Poëzy. Amsterdam: Weduwe P. Arentz. en K. van der Sys.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Prędota, Stanisław, & Woronczak, Jerzy. 2002. Christophorus Warmers Nederlandse en Poolse samenspraken van 1691. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Six van Chandelier, Joannes. 1991. Gedichten. Ed. by A. E. Jacobs. Assen: Van Gorcum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Struys, Jan Jansz. 1676. Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen. Amsterdam: Jacob van Meurs en Johannes van Someren.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Taylor, Thomas. 1651. Des Pelgrims Belydenisse. Franeker: Ids Albertsz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Trembecki, Jakub Teodor. 1910. Wirydarz Poetycki. Ed. by Aleksander Brückner. Lviv: Towarzystwo dla Popierania Nauki Polskiej.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Venus ΑΝΑΔΥΟMEΝΗ, Sive Carmina Epithalamia, Scripta Honori (...) D. Nicolai Arnoldi, Poloni (...) Et (...) D. Annae van Pybinga. 1653. Franeker: Johannes Arcerius.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Warmer, Christophorus. 1691. Gazophylacium Decem Linguarum Europaearum apertum. Košice: Johannes Klein.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Secondary literature
Ablonczyné-Nádor, Zsuzsanna. 2011. Ungarn. Das gesegneteste Land Europas. Das Ungarnbild der niederländischen Reisebeschreibungen (1555–1774): Vergleichende Analyse im Spiegel der rhetorisch-apodemischen Traditionen dargestellt an Werken der niederländischen, deutschen und englischen Reiseliteratur. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Adamovsky, Ezequiel. 2006. Euro-Orientalism. Liberal Ideology and the Image of Russia in France (c. 1740–1880). Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bem, Kazimierz. 2022. “Polish Brethren Refugees among the Amsterdam Remonstrants, ca. 1663-ca. 1736.” Journal of Unitarian Universalist Studies 45: 48–88.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bibliographia Sociniana. A Bibliographical Reference Tool for the Study of Dutch Socinianism and Antitrinitarianism. 2004. Ed. by Piet Visser, Philip Knijff, and Sibbe Jan Visser. Hilversum/Amsterdam: Verloren/Doopsgezinde Historische Kring.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bogucka, Maria. 1973. “Amsterdam and the Baltic in the first half of the seventeenth century.” The Economic History Review (Second Series) 26 (3): 433–447. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1990. “Dutch merchants’ activities in Gdansk (sic) in the first half of the seventeenth century.” In Baltic Affairs. Relations between the Netherlands and North-Eastern Europe, 1500–1800: Essays, ed. by J. P. S. Lemmink and J. S. A. M. van Koningsbrugge, 19–32. Nijmegen: INOS.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2011. “Reflections on Polish-Dutch Relations in the 16th and 17th Centuries.” In Poland and the Netherlands: A Case Study of European Relations, ed. by Duco Hellema, Ryszard Żelichowski, and Bert van der Zwan, 1–26. Dordrecht: Republic of Letters Publishing.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bornemann, Ulrich. 1976. Anlehnung und Abgrenzung: Untersuchungen zur Rezeption der niederländischen Literatur in der deutschen Dichtungsreform des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts. Assen/Amsterdam: Van Gorcum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Borowski, Andrzej. 2007. Iter Polono-Belgo-Ollandicum. Cultural and Literary Relationships between the Commonwealth of Poland and the Netherlands in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boterbloem, Kees. 2008. The Fiction and Reality of Jan Struys. A Seventeenth-Century Dutch Globetrotter. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bömelburg, Hans-Jürgen. 2005. “Adelige Mobilität und Grand Tour im polnischen und litauischen Adel (1500–1700).” In Grand Tour. Adeliges Reisen und Europäische Kultur vom 14. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert, ed. by Rainder Babel and Werner Paravicini, 309–326. Ostfildern: Jan Thorbecke Verlag.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Broos, Ben. 2015. “Een vergeten leerling van Rembrandt: Jan Jansz. de Stomme.” Oud Holland 128 (2–3): 125–138. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Broos, B. P. J. 1974. “Rembrandt’s Portrait of a Pole and His Horse.” Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art 7 (4): 192–218. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Burke, Peter. 2004. Languages and Communities in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cieślak, Emund, and Czesław Biernat. 1995. History of Gdańsk, trans. by Bożenna Blaim and Georgde M. Hyde. Gdańsk: Fundacja Biblioteki Gdańskiej.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dąbrowska, Anna. 2012. “Kto, gdzie, kiedy i dlaczego uczył (się) dawniej języka polskiego jako obcego?” In Oblicza polszczyzny, ed. by Andrzej Markowski and Radosław Pawelec, 191–210. Warszawa: Narodowe Centrum Kultury.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2019. “Teaching Polish as a Foreign Language within the History of the Polish Language.” Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Kształcenie Polonistyczne Cudzoziemców 26: 27–48. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dzienis, Helena. 2016. “Gerhard Cimmermann i jego księgozbiór ofiarowany bibliotece Rady Miasta Gdańska.” Libri Gedanenses, Rocznik Biblioteki Gdańskiej 33: 5–27.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van Els, Theo J. M., and Mathieu F. Knops. 1988. “The History of the Teaching of Foreign Languages in the Low Countries.” Historiographica Linguistica. International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 15 (1–2): 289–316. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fleischer, Alette. 2019. “Breyne’s Botany: (Re-)locating Nature and Knowledge in Danzig (circa 1660–1730).” In Locations of Knowledge in Dutch Contexts, ed. by Fokko Jan Dijksterhuis, Andreas Weber, and Huib Zuidervaart, 107–135. Leiden/Boston: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Frijhoff, Willem. 2017. “Multilingualism in the Dutch Golden Age. An Exploration.” In Multilingualism, Nationhood, and Cultural Identity, ed. by Willem Frijhoff, Marie-Christine Kok Escalle, and Karène Sanchez-Summerer, 95–168. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fuks, L. 1957. “Simon de Pool — faktor króla Jana Sobieskiego w Holandii.” Biuletyn Żydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego 21: 3–12.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gerlo, Aloïs. 1996. “De reis van Marnix van Sint-Aldegonde naar Krakau in 1575. Status quaestionis.” Academiae Analecta. Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, Klasse der Letteren 58 (1): 1–19.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van Groesen, Michiel. 2016. “Reading Newspapers in the Dutch Golden Age.” Media History 22 (3–4): 334–352. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Grzybkowska, Teresa. 1995. “Niderlandyzm w sztuce gdańskiej.” In Niderlandyzm w sztuce polskiej, ed. by Teresa Hrankowska, 93–111. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gömöri, George. 1987. “Some Polish Inscriptions in Alba Amicorum of the 16th — 18th Century.” In Sprach- und Kulturkontakte im Polnischen. Gesammelte Aufsätze für A. de Vincenz zum 65. Geburtstag, ed. by Gerd Hentschel, Gustav Ineichen, and Alek Pohl, 463–472. München: Verlag Otto Sagner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van de Haar, Alisa. 2019. The Golden Mean of Languages. Forging Dutch and French in the Early Modern Low Countries (1540–1620). Leiden/Boston: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Handbuch des personalen Gelegenheitsschrifttums in europäischen Bibliotheken und Archiven. Vols. 23–26: Danzig. 2009. Ed. by Stefan Anders, Sabine Beckmann, and Klaus Garber. Hildesheim/Zürich/New York: Olms-Weidmann.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hart, S. 1976. Geschrift en Getal. Een keuze uit de demografisch-, economisch- en sociaal-historische studiën op grond van Amsterdamse en Zaanse archivalia, 1600–1800. Dordrecht: Historische Vereniging Holland.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hulsenboom, Paul. 2023a. “Books and Prints as Instruments of Early Modern Travel. How Polish visitors in the Dutch Republic used travel guides and other printed media in the seventeenth century.” Jaarboek voor Nederlandse Boekgeschiedenis/Yearbook for Dutch Book History 30 (1): 126–157. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2023b. “Early Modern Community Formation Across Northern Europe. How and why a poet in Poland engaged with the Delft Thunderclap of 1654.” In Dealing with Disasters from Early Modern to Modern Times. Cultural Responses to Catastrophes, ed. by Hanneke van Asperen and Lotte Jensen, 61–81. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2023c. Heretical Heroes and Savage Saviours. The Dutch and Poles in each other’s imaginations during the long seventeenth century. Alblasserdam: Ridderprint (PhD Thesis).
. 2025. “Bloodstained Manuscripts. The Murder of the De Witt Brothers in Poland.” In The Dutch Disaster Year (1672) in European and Global Context. Foreign Impact, Representations and Aftermath, ed. by Tony Claydon, Charles-Édouard Levillain, and Arthur der Weduwen (forthcoming). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hulsenboom, Paul, and Alan Moss. 2022. “Tracing the Sites of Learned Men. Places and Objects of Knowledge on the Dutch and Polish Grand Tour.” In Memory and Identity in the Learned World. Community Formation in the Early Modern World of Learning and Science, ed. by Koen Scholten, Dirk van Miert, and Karl A. E. Enenkel, 257–306. Leiden/Boston: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hulshof, Hans, Erik Kwakernaak, and Frans Wilhelm. 2015. Geschiedenis van het talenonderwijs in Nederland. Onderwijs in de moderne talen van 1500 tot heden. Groningen: Uitgeverij Passage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jefimow, Regina. 1970. Z dziejów języka polskiego w Gdańsku. Stan wiedzy o polszczyźnie w XVII wieku. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Morskie.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kalmar, Ivan. 2022. White But Not Quite. Central Europe’s Illiberal Revolt. Bristol: Bristol University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kaplan, Yosef. 2000. An Alternative Path to Modernity. The Sephardi Diaspora in Western Europe. Leiden/Boston/Köln: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kiedroń, Stefan. 1992. “Poolse studenten in Leiden in de 16de en de 17de eeuw.” Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis 1356: Studia Neerlandica et Germanica: 189–204.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2007. Chrisian Hofman von Hofmanswaldau und seine ‘niederländische Welt’. Wrocław/Dresden: Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT/Neisse Verlag.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2013. “Jan Makowski (1588–1644). Polish Theologian in Frisian Franeker.” Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce. Special Issue 57: 205–224. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Klassen, Peter J. 2016. Menonici w Polsce i Prusach w XVI-XIX w., trans. by Edyta Pawlikowska. Toruń: Muzeum Etnograficzne im. Marii Znamierowskiej-Prüfferowej w Toruniu.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Koelling, Hermann. 1892. Geschichte der Stadt Pitschen. Breslau: Grass, Barth und Comp.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kowalska-Szubert, Agata. 2013. Polder, lakmus en kordzik. Nederlandse lexicale ontleningen in het hedendaagse Pools. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Krauze-Karpińska, Joanna. 2009. “Wirydarz poetycki” Jakuba Teodora Trembeckiego. Studium filologiczne. Warszawa: Stowarzyszenie Pro Cultura Litteraria/Instytut Badań Literackich Polskiej Akademii Nauk — Wydawnictwo.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kreslins, Janis. 2003. “Linguistic Landscapes in the Baltic.” Scandinavian Journal of History 28 (3–4): 165–174. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kuyper Jr., A. 1899. Johannes Maccovius. Leiden: D. Donner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lambour, R. C. 1999. “De familie en vrienden van Daniel Zwicker (1612–1678) in Amsterdam.” Doopsgezinde Bijdragen (nieuwe reeks) 25: 113–166.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Laskowska, Anna Maria, and Jan Waszink. 2025. “Elusive toleration. The relations between Socinians and Remonstrants in the seventeenth century.” History of European Ideas 51(4): 689–710. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van Leeuwen, J. 1851. Het geslacht Arnoldi. (n.p.)Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Loonen, P. L. M. 1990. For to Learne to Buye and Sell. Learning English in the Low Dutch Area between 1500 and 1800: A Critical Survey. Groningen: Universiteitsbibliotheek (PhD Thesis).
Networks, Poetics and Multilingual Society in the Early Modern Baltic Sea Region. 2025. Ed. by Kati Kallio, Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen, Anu Lahtinen, and Ilkka Leskelä. Leiden/Boston: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Noak, Bettina. 2014. “Glossaries and Knowledge-Transfer: Andreas Wissowatius and Abraham Rogerius.” In Dynamics of Neo-Latin and the Vernacular. Language and Poetics, Translation and Transfer, ed. by Tom Deneire, 251–265. Leiden/Boston: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Noordam, N. F. 1940. De Republiek en de Noordse Oorlog 1655–1660. Assen: Van Gorcum & Comp. N.V.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Noordegraaf, Jan. 2007. “Lambert ten Kate schrijft naar Dantsig. Brieven aan Johann Philipp Breyne.” De Achttiende Eeuw 39: 96–101.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nowak-Dłużewski, Juliusz. 1962. Poemat satyrowy w literaturze polskiej w. XVI-XVII. Z dziejów inicjatywy artystycznej Jana Kochanowskiego. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1972. Okolicznościowa poezja polityczna w Polsce. Dwaj młodsi Wazowie. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van Oostendorp, Marc, and Nicoline van der Sijs. 2019. ‘ Een mooie mengelmoes .’ Meertaligheid in de Gouden Eeuw. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pelc, Janusz. 1963. “Potomstwo “Satyra” Jana Kochanowskiego w poezji polskiej od XVI do połowy XVIII wieku.” Pamiętnik Literacki 54 (4): 267–311.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1965. Jan Kochanowski w tradycjach literatury polskiej (od XVI do połowy XVIII w.). Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pelus-Kaplan, Marie-Louise. 2007. “Les marchands étrangers à Dantzig dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle.” In Commerce, voyage et expérience religieuse. XVIe-XVIIIe siècles, ed. by Albrecht Burkardt, Gilles Bertrand, and Yves Krumenacker, 359–369. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pettegree, Andrew. 2021. “The Dutch Baltic. The Dutch Book Trade and the Building of Libraries in the Baltic and Central Europe during the Dutch Golden Age.” In Book Trade Catalogues in Early Modern Europe, ed. by Arthur der Weduwen, Andrew Pettegree, and Graeme Kemp, 286–316. Leiden/Boston: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Plett, Harvey. 1991. Georg Hansen and the Danzig Flemish Mennonite Church: A Study in Continuity. Winnipeg (PhD Thesis).
Polkowski, Marcin. 2015. “Rzeczpospolita a Niderlandy. Relacje literackie i kulturowe w dobie staropolskiej.” In Wśród krajów północy. Kultura Pierwszej Rzeczypospolitej wobec narodów germańskich, słowiańskich i naddunajskich: mapa spotkań, przestrzenie dialogu ed. by Mirosława Hanusiewicz-Lavallee, 190–247. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Postma, Ferenc. 2014. Studenci z Rzeczypospolitej we fryzyjskim uniwersytecie we Franeker (Spis nazwisk i bibliografia), trans. by Wojciech Rynduch-Walecki. Kraków: Collegium Columbinum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Quatrini, Francesco. 2021. “Religious Tolerance and Freedom of Prophesying. Social and Intellectual Interrelations between the Polish Brethren and the Collegiants in Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam.” Church History and Religious Culture 101 (2–3): 286–305. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Roding, Juliette. 1995. “Dutch architects and engineers in Danzig and the southern Baltic in the 16th and 17th centuries.” In The Baltic. Languages and Cultures in Interaction: Proceedings NOMES-Conference, 19–20 May, 1994, ed. by J. J. van Baak, L. Honti, A. H. Huussen, and A. M. van der Hoeven, 223–235. Groningen: NOMES.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schenkeveld-Van der Dussen, Maria A., and Dorthe Schipperheijn. 2003. “Johann Peter Titz als Übersetzungstheoretiker und Cats-Übersetzer.” In Niederländische Lyrik und ihre deutsche Rezeption in der Frühen Neuzeit, ed. by Lothar Jordan, 193–205. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schoenaers, Dirk, Theo Hermans, Inger Leemans, Cees Koster, and Ton Naaijkens. 2021. Vertalen in de Nederlanden. Een cultuurgeschiedenis. Amsterdam: Boom.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Siess-Krzyszkowski, Stanisław. 2024. “Polskie elementarze (podręczniki do nauki czytania) XVI i XVII w.” Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 18 (2): 215–235. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van der Sijs, Nicoline. 2010. Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd. Den Haag: Sdu Uitgevers.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Swiggers, Pierre. 2017. “Capitalizing Multilingual Competence. Language Learning and Teaching in the Early Modern Period.” In Multilingualism, Nationhood, and Cultural Identity, ed. by Willem Frijhoff, Marie-Christine Kok Escalle, and Karène Sanchez-Summerer, 49–75. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Szałygin, Jerzy. 2004. Katalog zabytków osadnictwa holenderskiego na Mazowszu. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo DiG.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2008. Katalog zabytków osadnictwa holenderskiego na ziemi łęczyckiej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo DiG.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Szczucki, Lech. 1975. “Z dziejów emigracji socyniańskiej w Holandii.” Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce 20: 201–209.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Szmytka, Rafał. 2016. “Osadnictwo Olęderskie na Żuławach w ujęciu historii środowiskowej. Perspektywy badawcze.” Historyka. Studia Metodologiczne 46: 63–78.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Thijssen, Lucia. 2003. Polska i Niderlandy: 1000 lat kontaktów, trans. by Jerzy Koch, Bożena Czernecka, Alicja Dehue-Oczko, Anita Frank, Marzanna Jóźwiak-Kotynia, Barbara Kalla, and Jadwiga Tyszkiewicz-Pol. Zutphen: Walburg Pers.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van Tielhof, Milja. 2002. The ‘Mother of all Trades’. The Baltic Grain Trade in Amsterdam from the Late 16th to the Early 19th Century. Leiden/Boston/Köln: Brill.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tilman van Gameren 1632–1706. Een Nederlandse architect aan het hof in Polen. 2002. Ed. by Eymert-Jan Goossens and Koen Ottenheym. Amsterdam: Stichting Koninklijk Paleis Amsterdam.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Urbański, Edmund S. 1988. “The Military Adventures of Krzysztof Arciszewski in Seventeenth Century Brazil and Europe.” Polish American Studies 45 (1): 63–73.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Valkema Blouw, Paul. 2013. “Mennonitica and Bibliographical Research.” In Dutch Typography in the Sixteenth Century. The Collected Works of Paul Valkema Blouw, ed. by Ton Croiset van Uchelen and Paul Dijstelberge, 83–98. Leiden/Boston; Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Visser, Sibbe Jan. 2011. Samuel Naeranus (1582–1641) en Johannes Naeranus (1608–1679). Twee remonstrantse theologen op de bres voor godsdienstige verdraagzaamheid. Hilversum: Verloren.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
van der Wal, M. J. 1995. De moedertaal centraal. Standaardisatie-aspecten in de Nederlanden omstreeks 1650. Den Haag: Sdu Uitgevers.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Walczak, Bogdan, and Agnieszka Mielczarek. 2017. “Prolegomena historyczne — wielojęzyczność w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów.” Białostockie Archiwum Językowe 17: 255–268. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wallet, Bart. 2024. “Rembrandt’s Other Jews: The Amsterdam Ashkenazim in the Seventeenth Century.” In Rembrandt Seen Through Jewish Eyes: The Artist’s Meaning to Jews from His Time to Ours, ed. by Mirjam Knotter and Gary Schwartz, 71–88. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Warnsinck, J. C. M. 1937. Christoffel Artichewsky. Poolsch krijgsoverste in dienst van de West-Indische Compagnie in Brazilië 1630–1639. Een proeve tot eerherstel. ’s-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
der Weduwen, Arthur. 2022. “Exile, Expansion and Commerce: Dutch Printing outside the Low Countries in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries.” In The Book World in Early Modern Europe. Essays in Honour of Andrew Pettegree. Vol. 2, ed. by Arthur der Weduwen and Malcolm Walsby, 211–240. Leiden/Boston: Brill. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wicherkiewicz, Tomasz. 2003. The Making of a Language. The Case of the Idiom of Wilamowice, Southern Poland. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wolff, Larry. 1994. Inventing Eastern Europe. The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zabriskie, George Olin. 1963. The Zabriskie Family. A Three Hunded and one Year History of the descendants of Albrecht Zaborowskij (ca 1638–1711) of Bergen County, New Jersey. Vol. 1. Salt Lake City: Publishers Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Żołądź-Strzelczyk, Dorota. 2020. O przedsięwzięciu peregrynacyjej. Edukacyjne wojaże szlachty z Rzeczypospolitej w świetle instrukcji podróżnych. Warszawa: Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Websites
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek: [URL].
Dawne ortografie, gramatyki i podręczniki języka polskiego. Internetowe kompendium edukacyjne: [URL].
Universal Short Title Catalogue: [URL].
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue