In:Reconstructing Non-Standard Languages: A socially-anchored approach
Lenore A. Grenoble and Jessica Kantarovich
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 52] 2022
► pp. vii–x
Get fulltext
This article is available free of charge.
Published online: 14 December 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.52.toc
https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.52.toc
Table of contents
PrefaceXI
AcknowledgementsXV
Part I.Theory and methodology
Chapter 1.Socio-historical linguistics and language contact3
1.1Introduction3
1.2Reconstructing variation8
1.3Theoretical framework11
1.3.1Variation and ethnolinguistic repertoire13
1.3.2Enregisterment and the emergence of stereotypes15
1.3.3The ethnolinguistic repertoire and the standard language in the Russian context16
1.4Case studies: Ethnolects and stereotypes in the Russian Language Empire18
1.4.1Odessan Russian19
1.4.2Russian-based pidgins20
1.5Data and methodology21
1.5.1Quantity and quality21
1.5.2Authenticity and validity23
1.6A note on spelling and transliteration25
1.7Conclusion26
Chapter 2.The Russian Language Empire27
2.1Imperial Russia as a Language Empire28
2.1.1Timeline29
2.2The Russian Language Empire31
2.2.1Standard Russian36
2.2.2Literacy39
2.3The East Slavic language-dialect continuum43
2.4East Slavic and Contact47
2.5Basic linguistic differences in East Slavic50
2.6Surzhyk: Ukrainian and Russian56
2.6.1Some features of Surzhyk58
2.6.2“Anti-Surzhyk,” language ideology, and literary dialect60
2.7Trasjanka: Belarusian and Russian61
2.7.1Features of Trasjanka62
2.8Conclusion: The Russian Language Empire and the East Slavic zone66
Chapter 3.Sociolinguistics and the reconstruction of contact effects69
3.1Theoretical issues in determining contact-induced change69
3.1.1Multiple causation72
3.2Borrowing and code-mixing74
3.2.1Entrenchment and nonce borrowings77
3.2.2Borrowing hierarchies as diagnostics80
3.3Contact and sociolinguistics at the “micro” and “macro” level81
3.4Language shift, diglossia, and “fluent dysfluency”82
3.4.1Features of diglossia82
3.4.2Diglossia in documenting change and reconstruction84
3.4.3Reconstructing a speech community: Diglossia vs. language shift85
3.4.4Congruent lexicalization, interference, and interlanguage91
3.4.5Odessan Russian95
3.5The role of sociolinguistics in language contact96
3.6Historical sociolinguistics: Reconstructing variation98
3.6.1Social networks100
3.7Conclusion102
Part II.Linguistic reconstruction
Chapter 4.Language contact and Odessan Russian105
4.1Introduction105
4.1.1Odessan Russian: The historical setting106
4.2Demographics and language contact in Odessa108
4.3The sociolinguistics of Odessan Russian110
4.3.1Ethnic groups, contact, and social mobility113
4.4Previous linguistic analyses116
4.5Evaluating documentation materials for Odessan Russian118
4.5.1Available documentation: Dictionaries119
4.5.2Literature as documentation123
4.5.3Available documentation: Literary works125
4.5.4Variation across sources126
4.5.5Work with native speaker consultants127
4.6A brief description of Odessan Russian128
4.6.1Phonology128
4.6.2Lexicon and phraseology134
4.6.3Derivational morphology and fluent dysfluency137
4.6.4Prepositional phrases139
4.6.5Nominal inflectional morphology144
4.6.6Pronouns150
4.6.7Morphosyntax153
4.6.8Syntax and the Yiddish substrate effect155
4.7Reconstructing social networks161
Chapter 5.Russian pidgins179
5.1Introduction179
5.2Classification181
5.3Documentation of pidgins184
5.4Russenorsk186
5.4.1Documentation and reconstruction of Russenorsk188
5.4.2Linguistic structure of Russenorsk190
5.4.3Reconstructing contact193
5.4.4Linguistic data and reconstructing usage195
5.5Pidgins in the Chinese-Russian Borderlands197
5.5.1Classification: How many pidgins?198
5.6Kyakhta Pidgin Russian199
5.6.1Documentation of Kyakhta Pidgin Russian: Sources202
5.6.2Linguistic structure of Kyakhta Pidgin Russian204
5.6.3Social dimensions of Kyakhta Pidgin Russian211
5.7Ussuri Pidgin Russian212
5.7.1Documentation of Ussuri Pidgin Russian213
5.7.2Linguistic structure of Ussuri Pidgin Russian218
5.7.3Tungusic elements and a native identity222
5.8Linguistic features of pidgins compared223
5.9Social dimensions of pidgins226
5.10Conclusion229
Part III.Issues of representation in documentation and reconstruction
Chapter 6.Types of representation in written documentation233
6.1Writing and speaking233
6.2Typology of written text types235
6.2.1Participant frameworks and audience design239
6.2.2Our corpus244
6.3Literature as linguistic documentation246
6.4The representation of dialect in literature: Literary dialect249
6.4.1Linguistic representation in literary dialect250
6.4.2Literary dialect and English251
6.5Literary dialect and Odessan Russian phonetics254
6.6Modes of literary dialect255
6.6.1Selective reproduction257
6.6.2Explicit attribution258
6.6.3Verbal transposition258
6.7Modes of literary dialect in Odessan Russian260
6.7.1Selective reproduction261
6.7.2Explicit attribution263
6.7.3Verbal transposition266
6.8Literary dialect and Ussuri Pidgin Russian269
6.8.1Selective reproduction in Arsenyev270
6.8.2Explicit attribution in Arsenyev272
6.9Conclusion274
Chapter 7.Indexicality and authenticity275
7.1Odessan Russian and Pidgin Russian: Sociolinguistically-informed reconstruction275
7.1.1Types of information in sociolinguistic reconstruction278
7.1.2Orders of indexicality in sociolinguistic reconstruction280
7.2Validity and authenticity282
7.2.1Validity and the selection of Odessan Russian materials286
7.3The Odessan Russian stereotype290
7.3.1The enduring nostalgia of Odessa and Odessan Russian290
7.3.2The Jewish diaspora292
7.3.3Language attitudes and covert prestige296
7.3.4The evolution of the Odessan Russian stereotype299
7.4Conclusion: Lessons for documentation and reconstruction312
7.4.1Authenticity and indexicality in language documentation313
Appendix A.Sources317
Appendix B.Transcription322
Bibliography323
Index341
