Cover not available

In:Integration, Identity and Language Maintenance in Young Immigrants: Russian Germans or German Russians
Edited by Ludmila Isurin and Claudia Maria Riehl
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 44] 2017
► pp. 225–268

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
authorization required

Chapter 8
Lost in transmission?

Family language input and its role for the development of Russian as a heritage language in Germany

 | University of Greifswald (Germany)
 | University of Greifswald (Germany)
Published online: 12 April 2017
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.44.08bre
Abstract
The paper deals with parental input and its role for heritage language maintenance by second generation speakers of Russian in Germany. Based on the data collected from one family, we investigate the realization of Voice Onset Time (VOT) in Russian by the parents and their children. Our main findings show that the children are already exposed to deviant input if compared to VOT values reported for Russian monolinguals. However, the children’s VOT values do not coincide with their parents’ patterns, but show an even stronger convergence towards German VOT measures. We conclude that individual attrition is at work for all family members, but proceeds at greater speed with the children. Parental input thus paves the way for the development of the children, but other factors come into play as well which add to the effects of parental input, for example individual processing problems of the heritage language in the case of the children.
Article outline
  • 1.Family language policy and heritage language development
  • 2.Impact of parental input in heritage language development: Evidence from previous studies
  • 3.Research questions of the present study
  • 4.Participants and methods of data collection
  • 5.Voice Onset Time in Russian and German
  • 6.Results
    • 6.1Fortis stops
      • 6.1.1Word-initial fortis stops
      • 6.1.2Intervocalic fortis stops
      • 6.1.3VOT in different styles
      • 6.1.4Development of VOT in word-initial fortis stops over time
    • 6.2Lenis stops
      • 6.2.1Word-initial lenis stops
      • 6.2.2Intervocalic lenis stops
  • 7.Discussion
  • 8.Conclusions and outlook
  • Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • References
References (112)
References
Achterberg, J. (2005). Zur Vitalität slavischer Idiome in Deutschland. Eine empirische Studie zum Sprachverhalten slavophoner Immigranten. München: Otto Sagner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Anstatt, T. (2008a). Aspect and tense in storytelling by Russian, German and bilingual children. Russian Linguistics, 32 (1), 1–26. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2008b). Aspektfehler im Russischen mono- und bilingualer Kinder. In S. Kempgen, L. Udolph, K. Gutschmidt, & U. Jekutsch (Eds.), Deutsche Beiträge zum 14. Internationalen Slavistenkongress Ohrid 2008 (pp. 13–25). München: Otto Sagner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2008c). Lexikalisierung des Aspekts? Alpha- und beta-Verben bei bilingualen russisch-deutschen Kindern. In B. Brehmer, K. B. Fischer, & G. Krumbholz (Eds.), Aspekte, Kategorien und Kontakte slavischer Sprachen: Festschrift für Volkmar Lehmann zum 65. Geburtstag (pp. 13–28). Hamburg: Dr. Kovač.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2008d). Russisch in Deutschland: Entwicklungsperspektiven. Bulletin der deutschen Slavistik, 14, 67–74.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2009). Der Erwerb der Familiensprache: Zur Entwicklung des Russischen bei bilingualen Kindern in Deutschland. In I. Gogolin, & U. Neumann (Eds.), Streitfall Zweisprachigkeit: The Bilingualism Controversy (pp. 111–131). Wiesbaden: VS. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2010). Kognitive Strategien Zweisprachiger: Lösungen lexikalischer Probleme im Russischen bilingualer Kinder und Jugendlicher. In T. Anstatt, & B. J. Norman (Eds.), Die slavischen Sprachen im Licht der kognitiven Linguistik: Slavjanskie jazyki v svete kognitivnoj lingvistiki (pp. 217–239). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2011). Sprachattrition: Abbau der Erstsprache bei russisch-deutschen Jugendlichen. Wiener Slawistischer Almanach, 67, 7–31.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Anstatt, T., & Dieser, E. (2007). Sprachmischung und Sprachtrennung bei zweisprachigen Kindern (am Beispiel des russisch-deutschen Spracherwerbs). In T. Anstatt (Ed.), Mehrsprachigkeit bei Kindern und Erwachsenen: Erwerb, Formen, Förderung (pp. 139–162). Tübingen: Attempto.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Anstatt, T., & Rubcov, O. (2012). Gemischter Input – einsprachiger Output? Familiensprache und Entwicklung der Sprachtrennung bei bilingualen Kleinkindern. In H. Weydt, K. Jungbluth, & B. Jańczak (Eds.), Mehrsprachigkeit aus deutscher Perspektive (pp. 73–94). Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Antoniou, M., Best, C. T., Tyler, M. D., & Kroos, C. (2010). Language context elicits native-like voicing in early bilinguals’ productions in both L1 and L2. Journal of Phonetics, 38, 640–653. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Barry, S. (1995). Variation in vocal fold vibration during voiced obstruents in Russian. European Journal of Disorders of Communication, 30, 124–131. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Beckman, J., Jessen, M., & Ringen, C. (2013). Empirical evidence for laryngeal features: Aspirating vs. true voice languages. Journal of Linguistics, 49, 259–284. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Besters-Dilger, J. (2012). Russian in Germany: Intermediate results on L1 attrition. In M. Moser, & M. Polinsky (Eds.), Slavic languages in migration (pp. 189–204). Wien: LIT.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bhatia, T. K., & Ritchie, W. C. (1999). The bilingual child: Some issues and perspectives. In T. K. Bhatia, & W. C. Ritchie (Eds.), Handbook of child language acquisition (pp. 569–646). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2011). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. <[URL]> (last accessed on July 30, 2014).
Braun, A. (1996). Zur regionalen Distribution von VOT im Deutschen. In A. Braun (Ed.), Papers on speech and voice (pp. 19–32). Stuttgart: Steiner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Braunschweiler, N. (1997). Integrated cues of voicing and vowel length in German: A production study. Language and Speech, 40, 353–376.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brehmer, B. (2007). Sprechen Sie Qwelja? Formen und Folgen russisch-deutscher Zweisprachigkeit in Deutschland. In T. Anstatt (Ed.), Mehrsprachigkeit bei Kindern und Erwachsenen: Erwerb, Formen, Förderung (pp. 163–185). Tübingen: Attempto.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Burnham, D. K. (1986). Developmental loss of speech perception: Exposure to and experience with a first language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 7, 207–240. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chang, C. B. (2012). Rapid and multifaceted effects of second-language learning on first-language speech production. Journal of Phonetics, 40, 249–268. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cho, T., & Ladefoged, P. (1999). Variation and universals in VOT: Evidence from 18 languages. Journal of Phonetics, 27, 207–229. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
De Houwer, A. (2003). Home languages spoken in officially monolingual Flanders: A survey. Plurilingua, 24, 79–96.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2007). Parental language input patterns and children’s bilingual use. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28, 411–424. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2011). Language input environments and language development in bilingual acquisition. In Proceedings of the Conference on Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition (GALANA) 2 (pp. 483–490). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
De Houwer, A., & Bornstein, M. H. (2003). Balancing on the tightrope: Language use patterns in bilingual families with young children. Paper delivered at the Fourth International Symposium on Bilingualism, Tempe, Arizona, USA, April 30 – May 3 2003.
Deuchar, M., & Clark, A. (1996). Early bilingual acquisition of the voicing contrast in English and Spanish. Journal of Phonetics, 24, 351–365. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dieser, E. (2009). Genuserwerb im Russischen und Deutschen: Korpusgestützte Studie zu ein-und zweisprachigen Kindern und Erwachsenen. München: Otto Sagner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Flege, J. (1987). The production of “new” and “similar” phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification. Journal of Phonetics, 15, 47–65.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(1991). Age of learning affects the authenticity of voice-onset-time (VOT) in stop consonants produced in a second language. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89, 395–411. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Flege, J., & Eefting, W. (1987). Production and perception of English stops by native Spanish speakers. Journal of Phonetics, 15, 67–83.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Flege, J., Frieda, E., Walley, A., & Randazza, L. (1998). Lexical factors and segmental accuracy in second language speech production. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 155–187. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Flege, J., & Port, R. (1981). Cross-linguistic phonetic interference: Arabic to English. Language and Speech, 24, 125–146.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fowler, C. A., Sramko, V., Ostry, D. J., Rowland, S. A., & Hallé, P. (2008). Cross language phonetic influences on the speech of French-English bilinguals. Journal of Phonetics, 36, 649–663. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gagarina, N. (2008). Anaphoric pronouns in bilingual German-Russian children. Zeitschrift für Slawistik, 53, 326–338. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2011). Acquisition and loss of L1 in a Russian-German bilingual child: A case study. In S. N. Cejtlin, & M. B. Eliseeva (Eds.), Put’ v jazyk: Odnojazyčie i dvujazyčie (pp. 137–163). Moskva: Jazyki Slavjanskoj Kul’tury.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2012). Discourse cohesion in the elicited narratives of early Russian-German sequential bilinguals. In K. Braunmüller, & C. Gabriel (Eds.), Multilingual individuals and multilingual societies (pp. 101–120). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gagarina, N., Armon-Lotem, S., Altman, C., Burstein-Feldman, Z., Klassert, A., Topaj, N., Golcher, F., & Walters, J. (2014). Age, input quantity and their effect on linguistic performance in the home and societal language among Russian-German and Russian-Hebrew preschool children. In R. Silbereisen, P. Titzmann, & Y. Shavit (Eds.), The challenges of diaspora migration: Interdisciplinary perspectives on Israel and Germany (pp. 63–82). Farnham, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goldbach, A. (2005). Deutsch-russischer Sprachkontakt: Deutsche Transferenzen und Code-switching in der Rede Russischsprachiger in Berlin. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Guelzow, I., & Gagarina, N. (2007). Introduction. In I. Guelzow, & N. Gagarina (Eds.), Frequency effects in language acquisition (pp. 1–11). Berlin: De Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gutierrez-Clellen, V. F., & Kreiter, J. (2003). Understanding child bilingual acquisition using parent and teacher reports. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 267–288. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hakuta, K., & d’Andrea, D. (1992). Some properties of bilingual maintenance and loss in Mexican background high-school students. Applied Linguistics, 13, 72–99. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hammer, C. S., Miccio, A. W., & Rodriguez, B. L. (2004). Bilingual language acquisition and the child socialization process. In B. A. Goldstein (Ed.), Bilingual language development and disorders in Spanish-English speakers (pp. 21–50). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Helgason, P., & Ringen, C. (2008). Voicing and aspiration in Swedish stops. Journal of Phonetics, 36 (4), 607–628. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hrycyna, M., Lapinskaya, N., Kochetov, A., & Nagy, N. (2011). VOT drift in three generations of heritage language speakers in Toronto. Canadian Acoustics, 39 (3), 166–167.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jessen, M. (1998). Phonetics and phonology of tense and lax obstruents in German. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jessen, M., & Ringen, C. (2002). Laryngeal features in German. Phonology, 19, 1–30. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Karl, K. B. (2012). Bilinguale Lexik: nicht materieller lexikalischer Transfer als Folge der aktuellen russisch-deutschen Zweisprachigkeit. München: Otto Sagner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kang, K., & Guion, S. G. (2006). Phonological systems in bilinguals: Age of learning effects on the stop consonant systems of Korean-English bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119, 1672–1683. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Keating, P. A. (1984). Phonetic and phonological representation of stop consonant voicing. Language, 60 (2), 286–319. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Keating, P. A., Linker, W., & Huffman, M. (1983). Patterns in allophone distribution for voiced and voiceless stops. Journal of Phonetics, 11, 277–290.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kehoe, M. M., Lleó, C., & Rakow, M. (2004). Voice onset time in bilingual German-Spanish children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7 (1), 71–88. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Khattab, G. (2000). VOT production in English and Arabic bilingual and monolingual children. Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics, 8, 95–122.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Klassert, A., & Gagarina, N. (2010). Der Einfluss des elterlichen Inputs auf die Sprachentwicklung bilingualer Kinder: Evidenz aus russischsprachigen Migrantenfamilien in Berlin. Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung, 4, 413–425.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Klassert, A., Gagarina, N., & Kauschke, C. (2014). Object and action naming in Russian- and German-speaking monolingual and bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17 (1), 73–88. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Klassert, A., Kauschke, C., & Gagarina, N. (2009). Lexikalische Fähigkeiten bilingualer Kinder. In J. Heide, S. Hanne, O.-C. Brandt, T. Fritzsche, & M. Wahl (Eds.), Spektrum Patholinguistik 2: Ein Kopf – Zwei Sprachen: Mehrsprachigkeit in Forschung und Therapie (pp. 113–119). Potsdam: Universitäts-Verlag.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kulikov, V. (2012). Voicing and voice assimilation in Russian stops. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Iowa.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Labov, W. (2006). The social stratification of English in New York City, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lanza, E. (1997). Language mixing in infant bilingualism: A sociolinguistic perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Levkovych, N. (2012). Po-russki in Deutschland: Russisch und Deutsch als Konkurrenten in der Kommunikation mehrsprachiger Gruppen von Personen mit postsowjetischem Hintergrund in Deutschland. Bochum: Brockmeyer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Laeufer, C. (1996). The acquisition of a complex phonological contrast: Voice timing patterns of English initial stops by native French speakers. Phonetica, 53, 86–110. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lisker, L., & Abramson, A. S. (1964). A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word, 20, 384–422. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Macken, M. A., & Barton, D. (1980a). The acquisition of the voicing contrast in English: A study of voice onset time in word-initial stop consonants. Journal of Child Language, 7, 41–74.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(1980b). The acquisition of the voicing contrast in Spanish: a phonetic and phonological study of word-initial stop consonants. Journal of Child Language, 7, 433–458.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
MacLeod, A., Fabiano-Smith, L., Boegner-Pagé, L., & Fontolliet, S. (2012). Simultaneous bilingual language acquisition: The role of parental input on receptive vocabulary development. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 29 (1), 131–142. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Magloire, J., & Green, K. P. (1999). A cross-language comparison of speaking rate effects on the production of voice onset time in English and Spanish. Phonetica, 56, 158–185. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Major, R. C. (1992). Losing English as a first language. The Modern Language Journal, 76, 190–208. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McCarthy, K., Evans, B. G., & Mahon, M. (2013). Acquiring a second language in an immigrant community: The production of Sylheti and English stops and vowels by London-Bengali speakers. Journal of Phonetics, 41, 344–358. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Meng, K. (2001). Russlanddeutsche Sprachbiografien: Untersuchungen zur sprachlichen Integration von Aussiedlerfamilien. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2004). Dvujazyčie v sem'jach rossijskich nemcev. In A. Mustajoki, & E. Protasovas (Eds.), Russkojazyčnyj čelovek v inojazyčnom okruženii (pp. 188–202). Helsinki: Department of Slavonic and Baltic Languages and Literatures.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Meng, K., & Protassova, E. (2002). Zum ethnischen Selbstverständnis in einer russlanddeutschen Familie. In I. Keim, & W. Schütte (Eds.), Soziale Welten und kommunikative Stile (pp. 261–280). Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2003). Deutsche, Russlandsdeutsche, Russe-Deutsche, rusaki – Selbstbezeichnungen und Selbstverständnisse nach der Aussiedlung. In J. Erfurt (Ed.), “Multisprech”: Hybridität, Variation, Identität (pp. 173–202). Osnabrück: Universität.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2005). Aussiedlerisch: Deutsch-russische Sprachmischungen im Verständnis ihrer Sprecher. In V. Hinnenkamp, & K. Meng (Eds.), Sprachgrenzen überspringen. Sprachliche Hybridität und polykulturelles Selbstverständnis (pp. 229–266). Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mishina, S. (1999). The role of parental input and discourse strategies in the early language mixing of a bilingual child. Multilingua, 18, 1–30. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nicoladis, E., & Genesee, F. (1997). The role of parental input and language dominance in bilingual children’s code-mixing. In E. Hughes, M. Hughes, & A. Greenhill (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (pp. 422–432). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pabst, B. (2007). Zweisprachigkeit als Phänomen der multikulturellen Gesellschaft in Deutschland. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Paradis, J., & Navarro, S. (2003). Subject realization and cross-linguistic interference in the bilingual acquisition of Spanish and English: What is the role of the input? Journal of Child Language, 30, 371–393. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pauwels, A. (2005). Maintaining the community language in Australia: Challenges and roles for families. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 8 (2–3), 124–131. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pearson, B. Z. (2007). Social factors in childhood bilingualism in the United States. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28, 399–410. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pearson, B. Z., Fernández, S., Lewedeg, V., & Oller, K. (1997). The relation of input factors to lexical learning by bilingual infants. Applied Psycholinguistics, 18, 41–58. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Polinsky, M., & Kagan, O. (2007). Heritage languages: In the wild and in the classroom. Language and Linguistics Compass, 1 (5), 368–395. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Portes, A., & Hao, L. (1998). E Pluribus Unum: Bilingualism and language loss in the second generation. Sociology of Education, 71, 269–294. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R. (2001). Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Protassova, E. (1996). Osobennosti russkogo jazyka u živuščich v Germanii. Rusistika segodnja, 1, 51–71.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2000). Leksičeskie osobennosti russkojazyčnoj pressy v Germanii. Izvestija Akademii Nauk, Serija literatury i jazyka, 4, 49–60.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2007). Sprachkorrosion: Veränderungen des Russischen bei russischsprachigen Erwachsenen und Kindern in Deutschland. In K. Meng, & J. Rehbein (Eds.), Kinderkommunikation – einsprachig und mehrsprachig (pp. 259–292). Münster: Waxmann.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Reich, H. H. (2007). Forschungsstand und Desideratenaufweis zu Migrationslinguistik und Migrationspädagogik für die Zwecke des “Anforderungsrahmens“. In K. Ehlich (Ed.), Anforderungen an Verfahren der regelmäßigen Sprachstandsfeststellung als Grundlage für die frühe und individuelle Förderung von Kindern mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund (pp. 121–170). Bonn: BMBF.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rethage, W. (2012). Strukturelle Besonderheiten des Russischen in Deutschland: kontaktlinguistische und soziolinguistische Aspekte. München: Otto Sagner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ringen, C., & Kulikov, V. (2012). Voicing in Russian stops: Cross-linguistic implications. Journal of Slavic Linguistics, 20(2), 269–286. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sancier, M. L., & Fowler, C. A. (1997). Gestural drift in a bilingual speaker of Brazilian Portuguese and English. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 421–436. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schnar, N. (2010). Sprache als Kriterium ethnischer Identität: Eine empirische Studie zum Stellenwert des Russischen im Ethnizitätskonzept russlanddeutscher Jugendlicher in der Dia-spora Deutschland. Hamburg: Dr. Kovač.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schüpbach, D. (2009). Language transmission revisited: Family type, linguistic environment and language attitudes. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 12 (1), 15–30. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schwartz, M. (2008). Exploring the relationship between family language policy and heritage language knowledge among second generation Russian-Jewish immigrants in Israel. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 29 (5), 400–418. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C. (1994). Language contact and change: Spanish in Los Angeles. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Simon, E. (2009). Acquiring a new L2 contrast: An analysis of the English laryngeal system of L1 Dutch speakers. Second Language Research, 25 (3), 377–408. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2010). Child L2 development: A longitudinal case study on Voice Onset Times in word-initial-stops. Journal of Child Language, 37, 159–173. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sirèn, U. (1991). Minority language transmission in early childhood. Parental intention and language use. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Stockholm.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Snow, D. (1997). Children’s acquisition of speech timing in English: A comparative study of voice onset time and final syllable vowel lengthening. Journal of Child Language, 24, 35–56. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Søndergaard, B. (1991). Switching between seven codes within one family – A linguistic resource. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 12, 85–92. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Szagun, G., Steinbrink, C., Franik, M., & Stumper, B. (2006). Development of vocabulary and grammar in young German-speaking children assessed with a German language development inventory. First Language, 26, 259–280. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Taylor, D. Q. (1975). The inadequacy of bipolarity and distinctive features: The German ‘voiced/ voiceless’ consonants. In P. A. Reich (Ed.), The second lacus forum (pp. 107–119). Columbia, SC: Hornbeam.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2003). Constructing a language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Unsworth, S., Argyri, F., Cornips, L., Hulk, A., Sorace, A., & Tsimpli, I. (2011). On the role of age of onset and input in early child bilingualism in Greek and Dutch. In M. Pirvulescu et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th conference on generative approaches to language acquisition North America (GALANA 2010) (pp. 249–265). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Veltman, C. J. (1981). Anglicization in the United States: The importance of parental nativity and language practice. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 32, 65–84.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yamamoto, M. (2001). Language use in interlingual families: A Japanese-English sociolinguistic study. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ždanova, V. (2004). Kommunikatives Verhalten russischsprachiger Emigranten als Indikator ihrer soziokulturellen Orientierungen. In M. Bayer et al. (Eds.), Beiträge der Europäischen Slavistischen Linguistik (POLYSLAV) 7 (pp. 244–251). München: Otto Sagner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2007). Zum Problem der Sprachkompetenz bilingualer Migranten mit Russisch als Erstsprache. In B. Brehmer, V. Ždanova, & R. Zimny (Eds.), Beiträge der Europäischen Slavistischen Linguistik (POLYSLAV) 10 (pp. 188–198). München: Otto Sagner.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2008). ‘Russkij’ i ‘rossijskij’ v jazyke metropolii i diaspory kak proekcija individual’noj identičnosti. Etnolingwistyka, 20, 187–202.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2012). K tipologii morfosintaksičeskich variantov v russkom jazyke ėmigracii. In J. Apresjan, I. Boguslavsky, L. Iomdin, M.-C. L’Homme, J. Milicevic, A. Polguère, & L. Wanner (Eds.), Smysly, teksty i drugie zachvatyvajuščie sjužety: sbornik statej v čest’ 80-letija Igorja Alexandroviča Mel’čuka (pp. 682–695). Moskva: Jazyki Slavjanskoj Kul’tury.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (1)

Cited by one other publication

Karpava, Sviatlana
2024. The narrative skills of Russian-Cypriot Greek children. In Current Perspectives on Generative SLA – Processing, Influence, and Interfaces [Language Acquisition and Language Disorders, 70], ► pp. 349 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 12 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue