Cover not available

In:Gender Across Languages: Volume 4
Edited by Marlis Hellinger and Heiko Motschenbacher
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 36] 2015
► pp. 125–151

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
authorization required

The representation of gender in Estonian

 | University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Published online: 9 April 2015
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.36.05has
References (78)
References
Aavik, Johannes. 1912. “Kõige suurem germanismus eesti keeles [The greatest Germanism in Estonian].” Eesti Kirjandus 7: 353–369.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1919. Uute sõnade sõnastik. Sisaldab üle 2000 uue ja haruldasema sõna ühes tuletuslõppude tabeliga [Glossary of new words. Contains over 2,000 new and lesser used words with tables of derivational suffixes]. Tartu: Istandik.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1921. Uute sõnade ja vähem tuntud sõnade sõnastik. Sisaldab yle 4000 uuema ja vähem tuntud ning haruldasema sõna. Teine parandet ja suuresti täiendet trykk [Glossary of new and lesser known words. Contains over 4,000 newer, lesser known and seldom used words. Second, improved and enlarged edition]. Tallinn: A. Keisermann.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Abondolo, Daniel, ed. 1998. The Uralic languages. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Alvre, Paul. 1994. “Arvustus [Review]: Cornelius Hasselblatt. Grammatisches Wörterbuch des Estnischen. Wiesbaden, 1992.” Linguistica Uralica 30: 53–57.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Berg, Maimu. 1996a. “Im Gebirge.” Estonia 1996(2): 47–49.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1996b. “In den Bergen.” Estonia 1996(2): 50–52.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Blokland, Rogier. 2009. The Russian loanwords in literary Estonian. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Blokland, Rogier & Cornelius Hasselblatt. 2003. “The endangered Uralic languages.” In Language death and language maintenance. Theoretical, practical and descriptive approaches, eds. Mark Janse & Sijmen Tol. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 107–141. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Braun, Friederike. 1997. “Genuslose Sprache – egalitäre Sprache? Die Behandlung der Geschlechter in Sprachen mit und ohne Genus.” Jahrbuch für finnisch-deutsche Literaturbeziehungen 29: 39–49.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chalvin, Antoine. 2010. Johannes Aavik et la rénovation de la langue estonienne. Paris: L'Harmattan.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Comrie, Bernard. 1988. “General features of the Uralic languages.” In The Uralic languages. Description, history and foreign influences, ed. Denis Sinor. Leiden: Brill, 451–477.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
EES = Metsmägi, Iris & Meeli Sedrik & Sven-Erik Soosaar, eds. 2012. Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian etymological dictionary]. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Eesti Statistika. 2012. [URL] [6 May 2013].
. 2013. [URL] [8 July 2013].
EKMS = Saareste, Andrus. 1958-1963. Eesti keele mõisteline sõnaraamat [Analogical dictionary of Estonian]. Dictionnaire analogique de la langue estonienne, Vol. 4, Stockholm: Vaba Eesti. [Index = Saareste 1979]Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
EKÕS = Eesti keele õigekirjutuse-sõnaraamat [Orthographical dictionary of Estonian]. 1918. Tallinn: K.-Ü. Rahwaülikooli kirjastus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
EKSS = Eesti kirjakeele seletussõnaraamat [Explanatory dictionary of written Estonian]. 1988–2007. Tallinn: Valgus / Keele ja Kirjanduse Instituut / Eesti Keele Instituut / Eesti Keele Sihtasutus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
EKSS 2009 = Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat. “Eesti kirjakeele seletussõnaraamatu” 2., täiendatud ja parandatud trükk [Explanatory dictionary of Estonian. Second, enlarged and improved edition of the ‘Explanatory dictionary of written Estonian’]. 2009. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Engelberg, Mila. 1998. “Sukupuolistuneet ammattinimikkeet [Gendered professional names].” Virittäjä 102: 74–92.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2002. “The communication of gender in Finnish.” In Gender across languages. The linguistic representation of women and men, vol. 2, eds. Marlis Hellinger & Hadumod Bußmann. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 109–132. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
EÕS = Eesti õigekeelsuse-sõnaraamat. Eesti keele õigekirjutuse-sõnaraamatu II täiendatud ja parandatud trükk [Estonian orthological dictionary. Second, enlarged and improved print of the Estonian orthographical dictionary]. 1925–1937. Tartu: Eesti Kirjanduse Seltsi kirjastus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Erelt, Mati, ed. 2003. Estonian language. Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
European Parliament. 2008. Sooneutraalne keelekasutus Euroopa Parlamendis [Gender-neutral language use in the European Parliament]. [URL] [15 August 2014].
Haawa, Anna. 1914. “Vastuseks ja seletuseks protestidele ning küsimustele, mis Anderseni muinasjuttude tõlke arvustajad “Eesti Kirjanduses” nr. 1 ja “Postimehes” nr. 24, 1914 avaldanud [Answer to and explanation of the protests and questions which the reviewers of the translation of Andersen’s fairy tales had published in no. 1 of Eesti Kirjandus and in Postimees no. 24, 1914].” Eesti Kirjandus 9: 159–163.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hasselblatt, Cornelius. 1992. Grammatisches Wörterbuch des Estnischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1993. Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher , Neue Folge 12: 292–296.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1998. “Die Frau im estnischen Lexikon.” In Oekeeta asijoo. Commentationes Fenno-Ugricae in honorem Seppo Suhonen sexagenarii, eds. Riho Grünthal & Johanna Laakso. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, 147–155.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2003. “Was kann die Genderforschung der Finnougristik bieten, und was kann die Finnougristik der Genderforschung bieten?” Wiener Elektronische Beiträge des Instituts für Finno-Ugristik 2003(3). [URL] [15 August 2014].Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2008. “The postcolonial trap – features of recent Estonian discourse patterns.” In The end of autonomy? Studies in Estonian culture, ed. Cornelius Hasselblatt. Maastricht: Shaker, 104–110.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2010. “ Cherchez la femme or How gendered are Estonian literary histories and handbooks?” Interlitteraria 15(2): 312–332.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hellinger, Marlis & Hadumod Bußmann. 2001. “Gender across languages: The linguistic representation of women and men.” In Gender across languages. The linguistic representation of women and men, vol. 1, eds. Marlis Hellinger & Hadumod Bußmann. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–25. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hinderling, Robert. 1979. Rückläufiges estnisches Wörterbuch. Eesti keele pöördsõnaraamat (Sõnalõpuline leksikon). Reverse dictionary of the Estonian language. Bayreuth: Sprach- und literaturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kaalep, Heiki-Jaan & Kadri Muischnek. 2002. Eesti kirjakeele sagedussõnastik[Frequency dictionary of Estonian]. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Krikmann, Arvo & Ingrid Sarv. 1980–1985. Eesti vanasõnad I-III [Estonian proverbs I-III]. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1987. Estnische Sprichwörter V (2): 1–15140. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1988. Eesti vanasõnad IV. Lisad [Estonian proverbs IV. Supplement]. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kulonen, Ulla-Maija. 1999. “Kulttuurisanat ja esihistoria [Cultural words and prehistory].” In Pohjan poluilla. Suomalaisten juuret nykytutkimuksen mukaan [On ground paths. The roots of the Finns according to modern research], ed. Paul Fogelberg. Helsinki: Suomen Tiedeseura, 240–244.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kulu, Hill. 1997. “Väliseestlased [Exile Estonians].” In Eestlane olla ... [To be Estonian …], eds. Hill Kulu & Katrin Metsis & Tiit Tammaru. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 11–19.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Laakso, Johanna. 2005. Our otherness. Finno-Ugrian approaches to women’s studies, or vice versa. Wien: Lit.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Laanest, Arvo. 1982. Einführung in die ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Hamburg: Buske.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lauristin, Marju. 1995. “Über Armut und Emanzipation.” Estonia 1995(1): 21–26.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lavotha, Ödon. 1973. Kurzgefaßte estnische Grammatik. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lie, Suzanne Stiver & Lynda Malik & Ilvi Jõe-Cannon & Rutt Hinrikus, eds. 2007. Carrying Linda’s stones. An anthology of Estonian women's life stories. Tallinn: Tallinn University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Loog, Mai. 1992. Nende sõned, sõnad. Uurimus eriealiste tüdrukute ja poiste kõnekeelest [Their word forms, their words. Study of the colloquial language of girls and boys of different ages]. Tampere: Tampereen yliopiston suomen kielen ja yleisen kielitieteen laitos.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mägiste, Julius. 1929. “Nais-sugu tuletuslõpu jälgi läänemeresoome keelis [Traces of a feminine derivational suffix in the Finnic languages].” In Keelekultuur I [Language culture], eds. Johannes Aavik & Oskar Loorits & Julius Mägiste. Tartu: Kotikielen Seura, 22–39.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mänd, Kadi & Barbi Pilvre & Mari-Liis Sepper. 2003. Tilliga ja tillita. Retsepte Eesti feministidelt [With and without wee-wee. Recipes from Estonian feminists]. Tallinn: ENUT.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Marling, Raili & Liina Järviste & Käthlin Sander. 2010. Teel tasakaalustatud ühiskonda. Naised ja mehed Eestis II [On the way to a balanced society. Women and men in Estonia II]. Tallinn: Eesti Sotsiaalministeerium.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Matsumura, Kazuto. 1994. “Is the Estonian adessive really a local case?” Journal of Asian and African Studies 46–47: 223–235.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1996. “The Estonian translative: A corpus-based description.” In Estonian typological studies I, ed. Mati Erelt. Tartu: Eesti Keele õppetool, 68–122.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Metsmägi, Iris & Meeli Sedrik & Sven-Erik Soosaar. 2013. “Eesti kirjakeele tüvevara päritolu arvudes [The origin of the word stems of written Estonian in numbers].” Keel ja Kirjandus 56: 313–332.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Neumann, Mihkel. 1903. Praktisches Lehrbuch der Estnischen Sprache für den Selbstunterricht. Reval: M. Neumann.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nübling, Damaris. 2009. “Zur lexikografischen Inszenierung von Geschlecht.” Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 37: 593–633. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Oksaar, Els. 1967. “Estnisch temake – ein metaphorisches Pronomen.” Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 39: 153–162.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
ÕS 1960 = Nurm, Ernst, ed. 1960. Õigekeelsuse sõnaraamat [Orthological dictionary]. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
ÕS 1976 = Kull, Rein & Erich Raiet, eds. 1976. Õigekeelsussõnaraamat [Orthological dictionary]. Tallinn: Valgus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
ÕS 1999 = Erelt, Tiiu, ed. 1999. Eesti keele sõnaraamat [Dictionary of Estonian]. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
ÕS 2006 = Erelt, Tiiu, ed. 2006. Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat [Estonian orthological dictionary]. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
ÕS 2013 = Raadik, Maire, ed. 2013. Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat [Estonian orthological dictionary]. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus. (web version: [URL] [15 August 2014])Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pilvre, Barbi. 2000. “Taming the phantom of feminism in Estonia. Equal rights and women’s issues.” In Private views. Spaces and gender in contemporary art from Britain and Estonia, eds. Angela Dimitrakaki & Pam Skelton & Mare Tralla. London: Women’s Art Library, 60–71.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2002. Formaat. Valitud tekste klassivõistlusest ja naisküsimusest 1996–2002 [Format. Selected texts on class struggle and the woman question]. Tallinn: Eesti Ekspress.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Põldvee, Aivar. 2013. “Sodomie, gender studies und die baltische Geschichte: Anmerkungen zu einer schwedischen Dissertation.” Forschungen zur baltischen Geschichte 8: 220–227.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Raag, Raimo. 1987. “Mittelniederdeutsche und skandinavische Lehnwörter im Estnischen und Livischen.” In Sprachkontakt in der Hanse. Aspekte des Sprachausgleichs im Ostsee- und Nordseeraum. Akten des 7. Internationalen Symposions über Sprachkontakt in Europa, Lübeck 1986, ed. P. Sture Ureland. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 317–346.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1999a. Eestlane väljaspool Eestit. Ajalooline ülevaade [The Estonian outside Estonia. Historical survey]. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1999b. “One plus one equals one: The forging of Standard Estonian.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 139: 17–38. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rätsep, Huno. 1983. “Eesti kirjakeele tüvevara päritolu [The origin of the word stems of written Estonian].” Keel ja Kirjandus 26: 539–548.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ross, Johanna. 2012. “Sõbranna – sõbralaadne toode. Kultuurilisi representatsioone meilt ja mujalt [Female friend – a friend resembling product. Cultural representations from us and elsewhere].” Vikerkaar 1/2: 166–173.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ross, Kristiina. 1996. “Naine eesti keele grammatikas [The woman in Estonian grammar].” Vikerkaar 11/12: 102–106.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Saagpakk, Paul F. 1982. Eesti-inglise sõnaraamat. Estonian-English dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Saareste, Andrus. 1979. Eesti keele mõisteline sõnaraamatu indeks [Index of the analogical dictionary of Estonian]. Index du dictionnaire analogique de langue estonienne. Uppsala: Finsk-ugriska institutionen. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sepp, Alar. 2012. Eesti arstide tööga rahulolu. Arst 2011. Ankeetküsitlus 1997–2006 diplomeeritud arstidele [Estonian physicians’ contentment with their work. Physician 2011. Poll among physicians graduated between 1997 and 2006]. Tallinn: TTÜ Kirjastus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
SÕS 1948 = Suur õigekeelsus-sõnaraamat [Large orthological dictionary]. 1: A-heinaleminek. 1948. Tartu: RK Teaduslik Kirjandus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
TEA = TEA entsüklopeedia [TEA encyclopedia]. 2008. Tallinn: TEA.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vadi, Ene. 2003. “Naise roll ja identiteet reklaamidiskursuses [The role and identity of women in advertising discourse].” In Viro ja suomi: Kohdekielet kontrastissa [Estonian and Finnish: Target languages in contrast], eds. Pirkko Muikku-Werner & Hannu Remes. Joensuu: Joensuun Yliopistopaino, 214–224.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vasvári, Louise O. this volume. “Hungarian: Gender in a grammatically genderless language.” In Gender across languages. The linguistic representation of women and men, vol. 4, eds. Marlis Hellinger & Heiko Motschenbacher. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
VÕS 1946 = Muuk, Elmar, ed. 1946. Väike õigekeelsus-sõnaraamat [Small orthological dictionary]. Tartu: Teaduslik Kirjandus. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wiedemann, Ferdinand Johann. 1869. Ehstnisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. St. Petersburg: Eggers & Co.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1875. Grammatik der ehstnischen Sprache, zunächst wie sie in Mittelehstland gesprochen wird, mit Berücksichtigung der anderen Dialekte. Leipzig: Voss.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (1)

Cited by one other publication

Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
2025. A Guide to Gender and Classifiers, DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 12 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue