In:Education in Languages of Lesser Power: Asia-Pacific Perspectives
Edited by Craig Alan Volker and Fred E. Anderson
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 35] 2015
► pp. 49–64
Power and other issues in minority language education in China
The case of Bai in Northwestern Yunnan
Published online: 5 February 2015
https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.35.04din
https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.35.04din
Bai, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Yunnan, is generally considered a highly siniticized minority language, although some argue that it could be a Sinitic language branching off millennia ago. As a minority nationality, the Bái enjoy the privilege of autonomous administration in DàlÇ Prefecture, but education in Bai receives little attention, since Bái intellectuals have a long history of being literate in (Classical) Chinese. This chapter discusses difficulties in providing language education in Bai, pointing out that an established tradition of education in the minority language and supportive attitudes from the language community are decisive factors in promoting bilingual education in China. The struggle of the Bai case represents the general situation of minority language education in China as a whole.
References (27)
Bradley, D. 2001. Language policy for the Yi. In Perspectives on the Yi of Southwest China, S. Harrell (ed.), 195–213. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
Brown, M. (ed.). 1996. Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan. Berkeley CA: Institute of East Asian Studies.
Cobbey, H. 2007. Challenges and prospects of minority bilingual education in China—an analysis of four projects. In Bilingual Education in China: Practices, Policies and Concepts, A. Feng (ed.), 182–199. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.1982, [URL] (17 July 2013).
Ding, P.S. 2007. Challenges in language modernization in China: The case of Prinmi. In Working Together for Endangered Languages: Research Challenges and Social Impacts, M. David, N. Ostler & C. Dealwis (eds), 120–126.Bath: Foundation for Endangered Languages.
. 2008. Learning of Minority Languages in Yunnan, China. In Endangered Languages and Language Learning, T. De Graaf, N. Ostler & R. Salverda (eds), 93–100.Bath: Foundation for Endangered Languages.
Duan, L. 2008. 试论南诏政权的语言观 (On the linguistic view of the Nanzhao rulers). In The Dali Series―the Bai Language, L. Xu( chief ed.), 1305–1309. Kunming: Yunnan Nationalities Press.
Hansen, M.H. 1999. Lessons in Being Chinese: Minority education and Ethnic Identity in Southwest China. Seattle WA: University of Washington Press.
Harrell, S. 2001. Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China. Seattle WA: University of Washington Press.
He, J. 1999. 纳西文 (The Naxi script). In 云南少数民族文字概要 (Survey on the Orthography of Minority Languages in Yunnan), L. He & Y. Xiong (eds.), 294–309. Kunming: Yunnan Nationalities Press.
Lee, M.B. 2001. Ethnicity, Education and Empowerment: How Minority Students in Southwest China Construct. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Lewis, M. (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th edn. Dallas TX: SIL International. [URL]
National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2011. 2010年云南省第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报 (2010 Yunnan Province, the Sixth National Census Data Bulletin). [URL] (8 November 2013).
Pelkey, J.R. 2011. Dialectology as Dialectic: Interpreting Phula Variation. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Stites, R. 1999. Writing cultural boundaries: National minority language policy, literacy planning, and bilingual education. In China’s National Minority Education, G. Postiglione (ed.), 95–130. New York NY: Falmer Press.
Wang, F. 2005. On the genetic position of the Bai language. Cahiers de Linguistique - Asie Orientale 34(1):101–127.
Xu, L. 2001. 关于白族文字 (On Bai characters). In 白族文化硏究 (Studies on the Bai Culture), Y. Zhao (chief ed.), 273–292. Beijing: Nationalities Press.
Xu, L. & Zhou, Y. 1984. A Brief Description of the Bai Language. Kunming: Yunnan Nationalities Press.
Yang, J. 2012. 白, 汉双语使用现状调查及分析——以剑川县金华镇为例 (Investigation and analysis of the bilingual status of Bai speech and Chinese). Journal of Dali University 11(2): 55–58.
Zhang, H. 1999. 白文. (The Bai script). In云南少数民族文字概要 (Survey on the Orthography of Minority Languages in Yunnan), L. He & Y. Xiong (eds), 48–61. Kunming: Yunnan Nationalities Press.
Zhang, W. 2008. 剑川西中白汉双语文教学实验情况的调查 (Survey on the Bai-Chinese bilingual education in Xizhong School, Jianchuan). In The Dali Series―The Bai Language, L. Xu (chief ed.), 1174–1181. Kunming: Yunnan Nationalities Press.Reprinted from Studies on Bailogy, 1992.
Zhang, X. 2001. 白族语文工作调查报告 (A research report on promotion of the Bai’s written language). In 云南民族语言文字现状调查硏究 (Research and Studies on the Script of Minority Languages in Yunnan), L. He, et al. (eds), 73–89. Kunming: Yunnan Nationalities Press.
. 2008. 白文及白文图书概况 (Introduction of the Bai script and publication in Bai). In The Dali Series―the Bai Language, L. Xu (chief ed.), 1229–1241.Kunming: Yunnan Nationalities Press.Reprinted from Studies on Bailogy, 1992.
