German. Engendering female visibility in German

Bußmann, Hadumod; Hellinger, Marlis

doi:10.1075/impact.11.10bus

In:Gender Across Languages: The linguistic representation of women and men
Edited by Marlis Hellinger and Hadumod Bußmann
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 11] 2003
► pp. 141–174

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German. Engendering female visibility in German

Hadumod Bußmann | University of Munich, Germany

Marlis Hellinger | University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Published online: 10 April 2003

https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.11.10bus

1.Introduction

2.Categories of gender

2.1Grammatical gender

2.1.1Gender assignment

2.1.2Agreement

2.2Lexical gender

2.3Social gender

3.Referring to women and men in German

3.1Specification of referential gender

3.1.1Grammatical means

3.1.2Lexical means

3.1.3Morphological means: Derivation

3.2Neutralization of referential gender

3.3Abstraction from referential gender

3.4Marked feminines and “generic” masculines

4.The psychological reality of German masculine generics

5.Gendered messages in German

5.1Discourse: German women and men speaking

5.2Proverbs and metaphorical expressions

6.Language planning as a reaction to the feminist critique of language

6.1Variation and change in the area of German personal nouns

6.2German guidelines for non-discriminatory usage

7.Concluding remarks

Notes

References

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