In:Iconicity: East meets West
Edited by Masako K. Hiraga, William J. Herlofsky, Kazuko Shinohara and Kimi Akita
[Iconicity in Language and Literature 14] 2015
► pp. 109–123
What’s in a mimetic?
On the dynamicity of its iconic stem
Published online: 12 February 2015
https://doi.org/10.1075/ill.14.06usu
https://doi.org/10.1075/ill.14.06usu
This paper explores the fundamental semantic and syntactic properties of Japanese mimetic lexemes as iconic signs that depict various eventualities by means of linguistic sound. We argue how the two central features of mimetics – stem-based morphology and dynamicity – restrict their morphosyntactic and semantic realizations. The discussion on the impossible uses of mimetics, such as intrinsically static adjectival expressions and object-oriented depictives, particularly clarifies the limits of the traditional root-based analysis of mimetic morphology and sets the basis for its theoretical treatment.
References (44)
Aarts, B. 1992. Small Clauses in English: The Nonverbal Types [Topics in English Linguistics 8]. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ahlner, F. & Jordan, Z. 2010. Cross-modal iconicity: A cognitive semiotic approach to sound symbolism. Sign Systems Studies 38(1–4): 298–348.
Akita, K. 2009. A Grammar of Sound-Symbolic Words in Japanese: Theoretical Approaches to Iconic and Lexical Properties of Mimetics. PhD dissertation, Kobe University.
. 2014. Register-specific morphophonological constructions in Japanese. In
Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
, 3–18. Berkeley CA: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
Ameka, F.K. 2005. Forms of secondary predication in serializing languages: On depictives in Ewe. In Secondary Predication and Adverbial Modification: The Typology of Depictives, N.P. Himmelmann & E.F. Schultze-Berndt (eds), 335–378. Oxford: OUP.
Amha, A. & Dimmendaal, G.J. 2005. Secondary predicates and adverbials in Nilotic and Omotic: A typological comparison. In Secondary Predication and Adverbial Modification: The Typology of Depictives, N.P. Himmelmann & E.F. Schultze-Berndt (eds), 299–321. Oxford: OUP.
Boas, H.C. & Sag, I.A. 2012. Sign-Based Construction Grammar [CSLI Lecture Notes 193]. Stanford CA: CSLI.
Bodomo, A.B. 2006. The structure of ideophones in African and Asian languages: The case of Dagaare and Cantonese. In Selected Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on African Linguistics: African Languages and Linguistics in Broad Perspectives, J. Mugane, J.P. Hutchison & D.A. Worman (eds), 203–213. Somerville MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
de Jong, N. 2001. The ideophone in Didinga. In Voeltz & Kilian-Hatz (eds), 121–138.
Dingemanse, M. 2011. The Meaning and Use of Ideophones in Siwu. PhD dissertation, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Radboud University Nijmegen.
. 2012. Advances in the cross-linguistic study of ideophones. Language and Linguistics Compass 6(10): 654–672.
Fillmore, C.J. & Kay, P. 1995. Construction Grammar coursebook. Ms, University of California at Berkeley.
Fischer, O. 2011. Cognitive iconic grounding of reduplication in language. In Semblance and Signification [Iconicity in Language and Literature 10], P. Michelucci, O. Fischer & C. Ljungberg (eds), 55–81. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Hamano, S. 1998. The Sound-Symbolic System of Japanese [Studies in Japanese Linguistics 10]. Stanford CA: CSLI.
Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I. 2006. Sound Symbolism and Motion in Basque [Lincom Studies in Basque Linguistics 06]. Munich: Lincom.
Izumi, K. 1976. Giseigo/gitaigo-no tokusitu [Some characteristics of mimetics]. In Nihongo-no goi-to hyoogen [Japanese vocabulary and expressions]. [Nihongo Koza (4) (Lecture on Japanese (4))], T. Suzuki (ed.), 105–151. Tokyo: Taishukan.
Kadooka, K. 2007. Nihongo-onomatope-goi-ni okeru keitai-teki/on’in-teki-taikeisei-ni tuite (On the morphological and phonological systematicity of the onomatopoeic vocabulary of Japanese). Tokyo: Kurosio.
Kageyama, T. 2007. Explorations in the conceptual semantics of mimetic verbs. In Current Issues in the History and Structure of Japanese, B. Frellesvig, M. Shibatani & J.C. Smith (eds), 27–82. Tokyo: Kurosio.
Kakehi, H., Tamori, I. & Schourup, L. 1996. Dictionary of Iconic Expressions in Japanese [Trends in Linguistics Documentation 12]. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Kindaichi, H. 1978. Giongo/gitaigo gaisetu (An overview of mimetics). In Giongo/gitaigo-ziten (A dictionary of mimetics) [Kadokawa Syo-Ziten 12 (Kadokawa concise dictionary 12)], T. Asano (ed.), 3–25. Tokyo: Kadokawa.
. 2008. World-view of protolanguage speakers as inferred from semantics of sound symbolic words: A case of Japanese mimetics. In The Origins of Language: Unraveling Evolutionary Forces, N. Masataka (ed.), 25–38. Tokyo: Springer.
Marantz, A. 2007. Phases and words. In Phases in the Theory of Grammar, S.H. Choe (ed.), 191–222. Seoul: Dong-In. <[URL]>
Mikami, K. 2006. Nihongo-no giongo/gitaigo-ni okeru imi-no kakutyoo: konseki-teki-ninti/yoki-teki-ninti-no kanten-kara (The semantic extension of Japanese mimetics: From the perspective of vestigial and prospective cognition). Nihongo Nihonbungaku kenkyu (Studies on Japanese Language and Literature) 57: 199–217.
Miyata, A. 2001. Byoosya-koobun-no seiritu-zyooken: Ninti-ron-teki-siten-kara (Constraints on the depictive construction: From a cognitive point of view).
Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Japanese Cognitive Linguistics Association
, 143–153.
Nasu, A. 2002. Nihongo-onomatope-no gokeisei-to inritu-koozoo (The word formation and prosodic structure of Japanese onomatopoeia). PhD dissertation, University of Tsukuba.
Sells, P. 2013. Overview: The grammar of mimetics. Introductory remarks of the Grammar of Mimetics workshop, SOAS, University of London, 10 May 2013.
Shibagaki, R. 2013. Analysing Secondary Predication in East Asian Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Tada, H. 2010. Gitaigo-doosi-ni okeru <tikaku/zokusei>-kootai-no tokuisei-ni tuite (On the peculiarity of the <perceptual/attributive> alternation in mimetic verbs). Paper presented at the Eighth Fukuoka University Linguistics Colloquium, Fukuoka University.
Talmy, L. 1996. Fictive motion in language and ‘ception’. In Language and Space [Language, Speech, and Communication 2], P. Bloom, M.A. Peterson, L. Nadel & M.F. Garrett (eds), 211–276. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
Tamori, I. 1980. Cooccurrence restrictions on onomatopoeic adverbs and particles. Papers in Japanese Linguistics 7: 151–171.
. 1993. Nihongo-onomatope-no toogo-hantyuu (Syntactic categories of Japanese onomatopoeia). In Onomatopia: gion-/gitaigo-no rakuen (Onomatopia: A utopia of mimetics), H. Kakehi & I. Tamori (eds), 17–75. Tokyo: Keiso Shobo.
Tamori, I. & Schourup, L. 1999. Onomatope: Keitai-to imi (Onomatopoeia: Form and meaning) [Niti-ei-taisyoo-kenkyuu siriizu (A series of comparative studies of Japanese and English) 6]. Tokyo: Kurosio.
Toratani, K. 1999. Aspectual matching and mimetics in Japanese. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Western Conference on Linguistics 11: 495–507.
Tsujimura, N. 2005. A constructional approach to mimetic verbs. In Grammatical Constructions: Back to the Roots [Constructional Approaches to Language 4], M. Fried & H.C. Boas (eds), 137–154. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Uehara, S. 1998. Syntactic Categories in Japanese: A Cognitive and Typological Introduction [Studies in Japanese Linguistics 9]. Tokyo: Kurosio.
Usuki, T. & Akita, K. 2013. Fiction in an encyclopedia: A Generative Lexicon approach to fictive mimetic resultatives in Japanese. In Gengogaku-kara-no tyooboo 2013: Hukuoka-gengo-gakkai 40-syuunen-kinen-ronbunsyuu (The view from linguistics: Papers from the 40th anniversary of Fukuoka Linguistic Circle), Fukuoka Linguistic Circle (ed.), 308–321. Fukuoka: Kyushu University Press.
Voeltz, F.K.E. & Kilian-Hatz, C. (eds). 2001. Ideophones [Typological Studies in Language 44]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Cited by (4)
Cited by four other publications
Kwon, Nahyun & Shaoyun Yu
Akita, Kimi
Akita, Kimi
2020. Modality-specificity of iconicity. In Operationalizing Iconicity [Iconicity in Language and Literature, 17], ► pp. 3 ff.
Mattes, Veronika
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 12 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
