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Article published In: International Journal of Learner Corpus Research
Vol. 3:1 (2017) ► pp.61–94

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Quantitative research methods and study quality in learner corpus research

 | FNRS | Université catholique de Louvain
 | Georgetown University
Published online: 6 June 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.3.1.03paq
Abstract
This study aims to provide the first empirical assessment of quantitative research methods and study quality in learner corpus research. We systematically review quantitative primary studies referenced in the Learner Corpus Bibliography (LCB), a representative bibliography of learner corpus research maintained by the Learner Corpus Association which contained 1,276 references when the current study began. Each primary study in the LCB was coded for over fifty features representing six dimensions: (a) publication type (i.e. conference paper, book chapter, journal article), (b) research focus (e.g. lexis, grammar), (c) methodological features (e.g. keyword analysis, error analysis, use of reference corpus), (d) statistical analyses (e.g. X², t-test, regression analysis), and (e) reporting practices (e.g. reliability coefficients, means). Results point to several systematic strengths as well as many flaws, such as the absence of research questions, incomplete and inconsistent reporting practices (e.g. means without standard deviations), and lack of statistical literacy (i.e. LCR studies generally overrely on tests of statistical significance, do not report effect sizes, rarely check or report whether statistical assumptions have been met, and rarely use multivariate analyses). Improvements over time, however, are clearly noted and there are signs that, like other related disciplines, learner corpus research is slowly undergoing methodological reform.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Background
    • 2.1Quantitative designs and statistical techniques in corpus linguistics
    • 2.2Assessing study quality in SLA
    • 2.3The present study
  • 3.Method
    • 3.1Study identification
    • 3.2Data collection and coding
    • 3.3Analysis
  • 4.Results
    • 4.1Learner demographics, learning contexts, and study designs
    • 4.2Analyses
    • 4.3Reporting practices
  • 5.Discussion
    • 5.1The ‘what’ of learner corpus research
    • 5.2The ‘how’ of learner corpus research
    • 5.3Recommendations for future research
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Note
  • References
References (85)
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2021. Computer-Mediated Teacher Feedback. In Researching and Teaching Second Language Writing in the Digital Age, ► pp. 23 ff. DOI logo
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2021. Study and Scale Quality in Second Language Survey Research, 2009–2019: The Case of Anxiety and Motivation. Language Learning 71:4 ► pp. 1149 ff. DOI logo
Sönning, Lukas & Valentin Werner
2021. The replication crisis, scientific revolutions, and linguistics. Linguistics 59:5 ► pp. 1179 ff. DOI logo
Winter, Bodo & Martine Grice
2021. Independence and generalizability in linguistics. Linguistics 59:5 ► pp. 1251 ff. DOI logo
Amini Farsani, Mohammad & Esmat Babaii
2020. Applied linguistics research in three decades: a methodological synthesis of graduate theses in an EFL context. Quality & Quantity 54:4 ► pp. 1257 ff. DOI logo
Ballier, Nicolas, Stéphane Canu, Caroline Petitjean, Gilles Gasso, Carlos Balhana, Theodora Alexopoulou & Thomas Gaillat
2020. Machine learning for learner English. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 6:1 ► pp. 72 ff. DOI logo
Bell, Philippa, Laura Collins & Emma Marsden
2020. Building an Oral and Written Learner Corpus of a School Programme: Methodological Issues. In Learner Corpus Research Meets Second Language Acquisition, ► pp. 214 ff. DOI logo
Faya-Cerqueiro, Fátima & Gema Alcaraz-Mármol
2020. The Toledo Teacher Trainees corpus (TTT): Bridging the gap between students’ narratives and corpus linguistics. Research in Corpus Linguistics 8 ► pp. 147 ff. DOI logo
Fernández, Julieta & Tracy S. Davis
2020. Overview of Available Learner Corpora. In The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Corpora, ► pp. 145 ff. DOI logo
Gries, Stefan Th. & Magali Paquot
2020. Writing up a Corpus-Linguistic Paper. In A Practical Handbook of Corpus Linguistics, ► pp. 647 ff. DOI logo
Hsu, Chan-Chia, Richard Hill Davis & Yu-Chi Wang
2020. Chinese learners’ use of concessive connectors in English argumentative writing. Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 46:1 ► pp. 95 ff. DOI logo
Larsson, Tove, Magali Paquot & Luke Plonsky
2020. Inter-rater reliability in Learner Corpus Research. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 6:2 ► pp. 237 ff. DOI logo
Mizumoto, Atsushi, Luke Plonsky & Jesse Egbert
2020. Meta-analyzing Corpus Linguistic Research. In A Practical Handbook of Corpus Linguistics, ► pp. 663 ff. DOI logo
Myles, Florence
2020. Commentary: An SLA Perspective on Learner Corpus Research. In Learner Corpus Research Meets Second Language Acquisition, ► pp. 258 ff. DOI logo
Paquot, Magali & Marcus Callies
2020. Promoting methodological expertise, transparency, replication, and cumulative learning. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 6:2 ► pp. 121 ff. DOI logo
Plonsky, Luke, Emma Marsden, Dustin Crowther, Susan M Gass & Patti Spinner
2020. A methodological synthesis and meta-analysis of judgment tasks in second language research. Second Language Research 36:4 ► pp. 583 ff. DOI logo
Visonà, Mark Winston & Luke Plonsky
2020. Arabic as a heritage language: A scoping review. International Journal of Bilingualism 24:4 ► pp. 599 ff. DOI logo
Abe, Mariko
2019. Comparing errors across an L2 spoken and written error-tagged Japanese EFL learner corpus. In Learner Corpora and Language Teaching [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 92], ► pp. 157 ff. DOI logo
Götz, Sandra
2019. Filled pauses across proficiency levels, L1s and learning context variables. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 5:2 ► pp. 159 ff. DOI logo
Teimouri, Yasser, Julia Goetze & Luke Plonsky
2019. SECOND LANGUAGE ANXIETY AND ACHIEVEMENT. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 41:2 ► pp. 363 ff. DOI logo
Volodina, Elena, Lena Granstedt, Arild Matsson, Beáta Megyesi, Ildikó Pilán, Julia Prentice, Dan Rosén, Lisa Rudebeck, Carl-Johan Schenström, Gunlög Sundberg & Mats Wirén
2019. The SweLL Language Learner Corpus. Northern European Journal of Language Technology 6 ► pp. 67 ff. DOI logo
Gries, Stefan Th.
2018. On over- and underuse in learner corpus research and multifactoriality in corpus linguistics more generally. Journal of Second Language Studies 1:2 ► pp. 277 ff. DOI logo
Huang, Yan, Akira Murakami, Theodora Alexopoulou & Anna Korhonen
2018. Dependency parsing of learner English. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 23:1 ► pp. 28 ff. DOI logo
Paquot, Magali
2018. Corpus Research Methods for Language Teaching and Learning. In The Palgrave Handbook of Applied Linguistics Research Methodology, ► pp. 359 ff. DOI logo
Paquot, Magali
2024. Learner corpus research: a critical appraisal and roadmap for contributing (more) to SLA research agendas. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 20:3 ► pp. 567 ff. DOI logo
Phakiti, Aek, Peter De Costa, Luke Plonsky & Sue Starfield
2018. Applied Linguistics Research: Current Issues, Methods, and Trends. In The Palgrave Handbook of Applied Linguistics Research Methodology, ► pp. 5 ff. DOI logo
PLONSKY, LUKE & HESSAMEDDIN GHANBAR
2018. Multiple Regression in L2 Research: A Methodological Synthesis and Guide to InterpretingR2Values. The Modern Language Journal 102:4 ► pp. 713 ff. DOI logo
Gonulal, Talip, Shawn Loewen & Luke Plonsky
2017. The development of statistical literacy in applied linguistics graduate students. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 168:1 ► pp. 4 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2024. Textbook English [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 116], DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2025. From Framework to Fieldwork. In The Role of Female Entrepreneurship in Reducing Poverty, ► pp. 77 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 12 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

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