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Article published In: International Journal of Chinese Linguistics
Vol. 4:1 (2017) ► pp.94–172

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論漢語方言的 m 聲母增生

 | 國立清華大學

Article language: Chinese

Published online: 4 September 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.4.1.04hsu
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本文探討漢語方言的 m 聲母增生，初步發現音變的條件是零聲母逢韻頭 ü，音變的動機在於元音的固有鼻音性。中古各組聲母或多或少都有方言實證;換言之，聲母一旦歸零，只要逢 ü 便可順理成章增生 m。同時，ü 或留、或銷聲匿跡、或以別的面貌示人，端視個別方言如何因應唇音限制。除了個別轄字的方言材料，諧聲系列的北京話今讀也見證 m-增生的演變歷程。方言對比一目瞭然之外，本文進一步闡述舌根音唇化兼及塞音和鼻音，從規律平行性看，聲母歸零後先增生 ŋ，然後根據韻頭調整發音部位。三個理論貢獻包括：（一）明泥(娘)疑母恐怕只是語音演變的中繼站，（二）非組和見組關係匪淺，（三）效流攝本是合三韻。與其拘泥中古分類，不如正視方言今讀，依循橫向比較的內在邏輯，條分縷析地演繹語音的縱向發展。
Abstract
Onset m-insertion in Chinese dialects
This paper finds m-insertion in various Chinese dialects triggered by the zero onset plus ü, and the phonetic motivation behind lies in intrinsic vowel nasality. All Middle-Chinese initial groups have more or less witnessed m- insertion. Once the onset becomes zero, m emerges before ü. Simultaneously ü can stay, totally disappear, or show up after cosmetic surgery pursuant to whether and how the labial constraint is observed. A finer-grained analysis from dialect comparison and labialization of velars indicates that nasal insertion yields ŋ first, homorganic nasal assimilation then occurs in accordance with the following vocoid. Three theoretical implications include: (a) Middle-Chinese nasal initials may well be relay points of sound changes, (b) Fei and Jian groups are closely related, and (c) Xiao and Liu rime categories shall belong to Closed-Mouth Divison III. This paper advocates more attention be paid on synchronic phonologies rather than ancient rhyme books to better dig into historical developments of Chinese in general.
Article outline
  • 一﹑語料鋪陳
  • 二﹑鼻音增生的動因
  • 三﹑鼻音部位的定奪
  • 四﹑鼻音增生舉例與辯證（I）
  • 五﹑鼻音增生舉例與辯證（II）
  • 六﹑鼻音增生舉例與辯證（III）
  • 七﹑鼻音增生舉例與辯證（IV）
  • 八﹑諧聲
  • 九﹑規律平行性
  • 十﹑效流攝的開合問題
  • 十一﹑結語
  • Notes
  • 參考文獻
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